scholarly journals Characteristics of Trees Infested by the Invasive Primary Wood-Borer Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wood Borer ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Tree Characteristics ◽  
Roughness Size

The expanding distribution and tree damage of the invasive, primary wood-borer Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which kills trees of the Rosaceae family, is a problem in intruded areas. However, the tree characteristics associated with infestation by A. bungii, which are useful for early detection or prioritizing preventive measures, are not well examined. We investigated the presence or absence of tree damage (response variable) in pre- and post- surveys along with tree characteristics (four explanatory variables; bark roughness, size, species, and vigor) on monitoring trees in uninvaded sites (survey for the first trees to be damaged) and already invaded sites (survey for the next trees to be damaged). We evaluated the variables using generalized linear mixed models for each site (i.e., a first trees model and a next trees model). Three tree characteristics (bark roughness, size, and vigor) were included as explanatory variables in both best models, indicating that trees with rough surface bark, large in size, and weakened conditions were more susceptible to A. bungii infestation. The reasons for the difference between the two models (species was only chosen in the next trees model) will be considered in our future work.

scholarly journals A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Misato Uehara ◽  
Makoto Fujii ◽  
Kazuki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Large City ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Private Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Research on stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic has been dominated by the cases of healthcare workers, students, patients, and their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the relationship between the amount of stress change under the COVID-19 pandemic and demographic factors (age, sex, occupation, etc.) in residents of a large city and a rural area of Japan. A total of 1331 valid responses were received in June 2020 from residents of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagano registered with a private research firm. We were able to identify 15 statistically significant variables out of 36 explanatory variables, which explained the significant increase in stress compared to the pre-pandemic period. Multiple-factor analysis showed that the relationship with people is a more significant explanatory variable for the level of increase in stress than the difference in environment between big cities (Tokyo, Osaka) and rural areas (Nagano), the type of housing, and the decrease in income compared to the pre-pandemic period.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Energy Trajectories Predict Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 794-795
Author(s):  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Xiaonan Zhu ◽  
Rebecca Ehrenkranz ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Outcome Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Abstract Declining energy may indicate homeostatic dysregulation and predict adverse health outcomes. We hypothesized that declining energy would predict greater frailty (1-10), greater mortality, and faster mood (CES-D) and cognition (3MS) decline over time. This observational cohort studies included 2,443 older adults (mean age=74.6, 62.5% White, 47.8% men) from the Health ABC Study with up to eight years of data. Energy was assessed using a single-item question about prior month’s energy (baseline mean=6.7, SD=1.7, range=0–10, lower=less energy). We used linear mixed models to create energy change scores (mean=-.07 points/year, SD=.05, range=-0.32-0.21, negative=decreased energy). In regression models adjusting for baseline outcome performance and energy and demographics, declining energy predicted greater frailty (β=-2.72, 95%CI = -3.39,-2.06), greater mortality (hazard ratio=.07, p<.001), and faster CES-D (β=-.93, 95%CI=-1.10,-0.75) but not 3MS decline. Energy changes are easy to assess and predict clinically-relevant outcomes. Future work should consider mechanisms of declining energy on disability-related outcomes. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.

Introduction to the Special Issue on First-Person Methods in HCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Audrey Desjardins ◽  
Oscar Tomico ◽  
Andrés Lucero ◽  
Marta E. Cecchinato ◽  
Carman Neustaedter
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
First Person ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Computer Interaction

In this introduction to the special issue on First-Person Methods in (Human-Computer Interaction) HCI, we present a brief overview of first-person methods, their origin, and their use in Human-Computer Interaction. We also detail the difference between first-person methods, second-person, and third-person methods, as a way to guide the reader when engaging the special issue articles. We articulate our motivation for putting together this special issue: we wanted a collection of works that would allow HCI researchers to develop further, define, and outline practices, techniques and implications of first-person methods. We trace links between the articles in this special issue and conclude with questions and directions for future work in this methodological space: working with boundaries, risk, and accountability.

scholarly journals Modeling of public transport waiting time indicator for the transport network of a large city

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lebedeva ◽  
Marina Kripak
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Large City ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Expected Waiting Time

The need to develop and improve public passenger transport in major cities was noted. It was reflected that waiting time at bus stops is one of the factors that have a big impact on the passenger quality assessment of transport services. The results of an empirical study of the actual and anticipated waiting time at bus stops were given. It was noted that the reliability functions were used in the field of ride duration modeling, traffic restoration time after an accident, and length of making the decision to travel. The waiting time distribution functions using the lognormal function and the Weibull function were chosen. The results of modeling were objective, the dependent variables in it were the expected waiting time of passengers and the difference between the anticipated and the actual waiting time. The explanatory variables were sex, age, time period, purpose of the trip and the actual waiting time. The results of the research showed that the age, purpose of the trip and the time period influence the waiting time perception, prolong it and lead to its reassessment.

Investigating Dispersion of Leaf Symbionts: Exploring Specific Symbioses

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Dave Shutler
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Simple Fashion ◽  
The Way

Symbioses can range from mutualisms to parasitisms; the latter are the foci of this exercise. The way in which parasites are distributed among hosts (their dispersion) can have profound importance for how they and their hosts coevolve, and for many other facets of their biology. Accordingly, many researchers, including ecologists and medical practitioners, study dispersion of parasites in detail. Fungi are commonly observed parasites on leaves of trees. I describe one way to randomly sample leaves to quantify dispersion of such parasites and test whether dispersion is related to a variety of explanatory variables. Significant quantities of data can be generated in relatively short order and pooled for a class; many patterns can emerge that challenge students to find logical interpretations. Relatively sophisticated students could test whether parasites have a random dispersion pattern by comparing the histogram they generate to that of a Poisson distribution. Data can be analyzed in a simple fashion or via advanced mixed models.

scholarly journals Validating a Rapid, Automated Test of Spatial Release From Masking

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey M. Jakien ◽  
Sean D. Kampel ◽  
Meghan M. Stansell ◽  
Frederick J. Gallun
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Anechoic Chamber ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Spatial Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Release From Masking ◽  
Test Repetition ◽  
Future Work

Purpose To evaluate the test–retest reliability of a headphone-based spatial release from a masking task with two maskers (referred to here as the SR2) and to describe its relationship to the same test done over loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber (the SR2A). We explore what thresholds tell us about certain populations (such as older individuals or individuals with hearing impairment) and discuss how the SR2 might be useful in the clinic. Method Fifty-four participants completed speech intelligibility tests in which a target phrase and two masking phrases from the Coordinate Response Measure corpus (Bolia, Nelson, Ericson, & Simpson, 2000) were presented either via earphones using a virtual spatial array or via loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber. For the SR2, the target sentence was always at 0° azimuth angle, and the maskers were either colocated at 0° or positioned at ± 45°. For the SR2A, the target was located at 0°, and the maskers were colocated or located at ± 15°, ± 30°, ± 45°, ± 90°, or ± 135°. Spatial release from masking was determined as the difference between thresholds in the colocated condition and each spatially separated condition. All participants completed the SR2 at least twice, and 29 of the individuals who completed the SR2 at least twice also participated in the SR2A. In a second experiment, 40 participants completed the SR2 8 times, and the changes in performance were evaluated as a function of test repetition. Results Mean thresholds were slightly better on the SR2 after the first repetition but were consistent across 8 subsequent testing sessions. Performance was consistent for the SR2A, regardless of the number of times testing was repeated. The SR2, which simulates 45° separations of target and maskers, produced spatially separated thresholds that were similar to thresholds obtained with 30° of separation in the anechoic chamber. Over headphones and in the anechoic chamber, pure-tone average was a strong predictor of spatial release, whereas age only reached significance for colocated conditions. Conclusions The SR2 is a reliable and effective method of testing spatial release from masking, suitable for screening abnormal listening abilities and for tracking rehabilitation over time. Future work should focus on developing and validating rapid, automated testing to identify the ability of listeners to benefit from high-frequency amplification, smaller spatial separations, and larger spectral differences among talkers.

Estimation of Pavement Serviceability Index Through Android-Based Smartphone Application for Local Roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 2639 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Aleadelat ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Series Acceleration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

The Wyoming Technology Transfer Center is in the process of developing a pavement management system (PMS) for county paved roads in Wyoming. This PMS uses the present serviceability index (PSI) as a main pavement performance parameter. This PMS depends on pavement condition index, international roughness index, and pavement rutting as explanatory variables to estimate PSI. This study researched new explanatory variables measured by using smartphones’ sensors to estimate PSI. It was found that the variance of the signals (time series acceleration data) acquired by smartphones’ accelerometers could work as a very good explanatory variable to estimate PSI. Two models were developed with high significance ( R2 higher than .9) to predict PSI using the variance of smartphone signals. The initial validation results suggested that using these models could predict, with high certainty, the actual PSI values. The difference between the predicted and the actual PSI values was not statistically different. The study was performed on 20 roadway segments extracted from the Wyoming county roads’ PMS database. In addition, the selected segments had various lengths and geometric features reflecting various roadway segments under any PMS. The proposed methodology is intended to lower the cost of measuring county roads’ pavement conditions by estimating PSI directly without the reliance on the direct measurement of pavement condition parameters.

scholarly journals Can Global Trade Of Medical Supplies Solve The Covid-19 Puzzle?

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Adly Shaker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Future Work

The main aim of this study to determine the explanatory variables of the Chinese exports of COVID-19 medical supplies to its 89 major trading partners in the first half of the year 2020. In addition, it explores the puzzle of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from an economic perspective. We used the Ordinary-least-square (OLS) regression under a cross-sectional data framework to construct the quantitative analysis. The main findings are: First, the number of old population and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in the trading partner have been drivers of Chinese exports of COVID-19 medical supplies. Second, tariff barriers levied on the trading partner significantly impedes the Chinese exports of COVID-19 medical supplies to its trade partners, especially from middle-income countries. In future work, the analysis of this type of trade through the supply-side factors could be investigated. Also, some other variables such as non-tariff measures could be utilized. The study encourages literature for empirically analyzing the trade of medical supplies, in general, under econometric modeling. The results are illustrated based on consistent quantitative evidence.

scholarly journals Social representations, human capital and knowledge production in the Covid-19 era

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Cruz García Lirios
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Studies of propaganda, security, warn youth and old age; 1) the systematic dissemination of crimes Attributed to political corruption; 2) state advertising as legitimate security administrator His rectory; 3) the de-legitimation of Citizens to Consider them incapable of preventative crime Initiatives; 4) are excluded by the industries older Assuming That They are incapable of self-monitoring and self-care. Specify a model for studying the effects of advertising social security in the representations of aging, youth and old age. A non-experimental, retrospective and exploratory study with a nonrandom was Conducted selection of indexed sources the discretion of explanatory variables Between correlations paths... The model included three hypotheses to Explain the paths of correlations Between four and seven indicators constructs for each. The revised theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks warn the inclusion of other variables such as helplessness, self-control farsightedness, beliefs, attitudes and intentions That would complement the specified model. A comprehensive model would Explain the correlations paths from theoretical frameworks That Establish the Difference between crime prevention capabilities, systematic observation of corruption with emphasis on Impunity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infection in the Castle Park in Lednice

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivadar Baltazár ◽  
Miloš Pejchal ◽  
Ildikó Varga
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Acer Campestre ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
The Difference

This experiment focused on the evaluation of mistletoe infection (Viscum albumL.) in main sections of the castle park in Lednice. The study evaluates the proportion of affected and unaffected individuals of host taxa and the intensity of their infestation. ForAcer campestreandTilia cordataone-way ANOVA was used to detect the difference among the number of mistletoe bushes and tree age, development stage, vitality and location. For the modelling of mistletoe infection probability also the dependence on these and other continuous explanatory variables (height and crown volume) was used for logistic regression with binomial distribution. Our results show that number of mistletoe on trees within same taxa increases with the tree age and with the lower tree vitality, but there is large difference between the hosts. Due to the results of logistic regression, the same factors also have strong impact on the probability of mistletoe infection, e.g. tree age and tree vitality. In this case no large differences were found between the hosts.

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