A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas

Research on stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic has been dominated by the cases of healthcare workers, students, patients, and their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the relationship between the amount of stress change under the COVID-19 pandemic and demographic factors (age, sex, occupation, etc.) in residents of a large city and a rural area of Japan. A total of 1331 valid responses were received in June 2020 from residents of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagano registered with a private research firm. We were able to identify 15 statistically significant variables out of 36 explanatory variables, which explained the significant increase in stress compared to the pre-pandemic period. Multiple-factor analysis showed that the relationship with people is a more significant explanatory variable for the level of increase in stress than the difference in environment between big cities (Tokyo, Osaka) and rural areas (Nagano), the type of housing, and the decrease in income compared to the pre-pandemic period.

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Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Edy Riwidiharso ◽

Darsono Darsono ◽

Endang ariyani Setyowati ◽

Hery Pratiknyo ◽

EMING SUDIANA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Survey Method ◽

Central Java ◽

The Common ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Regression Correlation

Abstract. Riwidiharso E, Darsono, Setyowati EA, Pratiknyo H, Sudiana E, Santoso S, Yani E, Widhiono I. 2020. Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 3163-3169. Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) which are traditionally fed by scavenging on farms predispose them to ectoparasites infestation. In this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the common ectoparasites on G. domesticus in the rural areas of Banyumas. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity of ectoparasites, their prevalence, and their relationship to the chickens body weight. This research was conducted by the survey method from December 2019 to April 2020 in five villages around the city of Purwokerto, Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia viz., Kedungwuluh, Kedungwringin, Kutasari, Karangsalam, and Karanggintung. Data analysis was conducted by Shannon Wiener and Evenness indexes. Analysis of variance was used to calculate the difference in prevalence among sample locations. Regression correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between prevalence and chicken body weight. The results showed that there were six ectoparasite species i.e., Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis, Dermanysus gallinae, Megninia ginglymura, and Haemaphysallis sp. parasitizing G. domesticus. The number of ectoparasite individuals among locations was significantly different (F 5.59 < 32.45; p <0.05). The most number of ectoparasite was found in Karangsalam (272 individuals). The most prevalent ectoparasite was M. cornutus (45%), followed by L. caponis (40%), and the lowest was M. synglineura (25%). Ectoparasite prevalence was associated with chicken weight loss (r = 0.98). The prevalence of ectoparasite of domestic chickens farm in the Banyumas Regency is classified as low but has the potential to influence body weight.

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Modeling of public transport waiting time indicator for the transport network of a large city

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822404018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 04018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Lebedeva ◽

Marina Kripak

Keyword(s):

Waiting Time ◽

Large City ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Weibull Function ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Transport Services ◽

Time Period ◽

Bus Stops ◽

The Difference ◽

Expected Waiting Time

The need to develop and improve public passenger transport in major cities was noted. It was reflected that waiting time at bus stops is one of the factors that have a big impact on the passenger quality assessment of transport services. The results of an empirical study of the actual and anticipated waiting time at bus stops were given. It was noted that the reliability functions were used in the field of ride duration modeling, traffic restoration time after an accident, and length of making the decision to travel. The waiting time distribution functions using the lognormal function and the Weibull function were chosen. The results of modeling were objective, the dependent variables in it were the expected waiting time of passengers and the difference between the anticipated and the actual waiting time. The explanatory variables were sex, age, time period, purpose of the trip and the actual waiting time. The results of the research showed that the age, purpose of the trip and the time period influence the waiting time perception, prolong it and lead to its reassessment.

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The efficiency of poststratification compared with model-assisted estimation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2016-0383 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 515-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mari Myllymäki ◽

Terje Gobakken ◽

Erik Næsset ◽

Annika Kangas

Keyword(s):

Explanatory Variable ◽

Auxiliary Information ◽

Regression Tree ◽

Principal Component ◽

Small Sample ◽

Tree Model ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

The Difference ◽

Small Sample Sizes ◽

Regression Tree Model

Survey sampling with model-assisted estimation has recently gained popularity in forest inventory. Another option for utilizing the auxiliary information is to use poststratification, which is a special case of model-assisted estimation with class variables as explanatory variables. In this study, we compared the efficiency of poststratification with an increasing number of strata with model-assisted estimation. We carried out a study based on a simulated population. We considered four different types of poststratifications, namely (i) stratification based on predictions of a linear model, (ii) stratification based on a regression tree model, (iii) stratification based on the first principal component of the explanatory variables, and (iv) stratification based on the regression tree model with the first principal component as the only explanatory variable. Furthermore, we examined both the traditional poststratification mean and variance estimators and the difference estimator and its variance estimator for poststratification. Within the recommended range of number of strata, the model-assisted approach was more efficient than poststratification. With a large number of strata, poststratification produced smaller standard error of estimates, but problems such as empty strata were encountered with small sample sizes. Using the first principal component directly for stratification or as an explanatory variable was the most efficient approach.

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COVID-19 aerosol box as protection from droplet and aerosol contaminations in healthcare workers performing airway intubation: a randomised cross-over simulation study

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2020-210514 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. emermed-2020-210514 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhaimin Noor Azhar ◽

Aida Bustam ◽

Khadijah Poh ◽

Ahmad Zulkarnain Ahmad Zahedi ◽

Mohd Zahir Amin Mohd Nazri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Random Order ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Body Regions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Intubation Success Rate ◽

The Difference ◽

Reduced Mobility ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundConcerns over high transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 have led to innovation and usage of an aerosol box to protect healthcare workers during airway intubation in patients with COVID-19. Its efficacy as a barrier protection in addition to the use of a standard personal protective equipment (PPE) is not fully known. We performed a simulated study to investigate the relationship between aerosol box usage during intubation and contaminations on healthcare workers pre-doffing and post-doffing of PPE.MethodsThis was a randomised cross-over study conducted between 9 April to 5 May 2020 in the ED of University Malaya Medical Centre. Postgraduate Emergency Medicine trainees performed video laryngoscope-assisted intubation on an airway manikin with and without an aerosol box in a random order. Contamination was simulated by nebulised Glo Germ. Primary outcome was number of contaminated front and back body regions pre-doffing and post-doffing of PPE of the intubator and assistant. Secondary outcomes were intubation time, Cormack-Lehane score, number of intubation attempts and participants’ feedback.ResultsThirty-six trainees completed the study interventions. The number of contaminated front and back body regions pre-doffing of PPE was significantly higher without the aerosol box (all p values<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the number of contaminations post-doffing of PPE between using and not using the aerosol box, with a median contamination of zero. Intubation time was longer with the aerosol box (42.5 s vs 35.5 s, p<0.001). Cormack-Lehane scores were similar with and without the aerosol box. First-pass intubation success rate was 94.4% and 100% with and without the aerosol box, respectively. More participants reported reduced mobility and visibility when intubating with the aerosol box.ConclusionsAn aerosol box may significantly reduce exposure to contaminations but with increased intubation time and reduced operator’s mobility and visibility. Furthermore, the difference in degree of contamination between using and not using an aerosol box could be offset by proper doffing of PPE.

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Models of Environmental Effects on the Development of IQ

Journal of Educational Statistics ◽

10.3102/10769986001003181 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 181-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph B. Kadane ◽

Timothy W. McGuire ◽

Peggy Reeves Sanday ◽

Richard Staelin

Keyword(s):

Negative Influence ◽

Eighth Grade ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Designed Experiment ◽

The Difference ◽

Environmental Measures ◽

Faster Development ◽

The Relationship ◽

School Records ◽

Positive Effect

This paper proposes a number of models of the effects of demographic and environmental factors on IQ and its pattern of change over time. The proposed models are concerned with the determinants of an Individual’s true (but unobserved) IQ and the relationship between measured and true IQ’s. Our analyses are based on data from the school records of a panel of 1, 746 students from the Pittsburgh school system and include demographic and environmental measures as well as IQ test scores at kindergarten, fourth, sixth, and eighth grades. The results indicate that the number of parents living in the household has an important positive effect on IQ at kindergarten that persists over the period of analysis. Number of siblings (measuring both birth order and family size) has an important negative influence on cumulative changes in IQ. Females show faster development until fourth grade; the net difference between the sexes almost completely vanishes by eighth grade. However, the predominant influences on the development of IQ are the socioeconomic status of the student’s parents and peers in school, with SES of peers being the more important. We estimate that roughly half of the difference between the measured eighth grade IQ’s of the average white and black student in our sample may be attributed to differences in their peer and parental SES’s. Finally, we caution that our results may be misleading, since our sample is not from a designed experiment and thus some of the explanatory variables could be correlated with unobserved factors that affect IQ.

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Wpływ statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego na częstość występowania alergii

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.21164/pomjlifesci.490 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Stangret ◽

Martyna Żurawiecka

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Difference ◽

The University ◽

The Relationship ◽

Allergic Disorders ◽

Civilization Disease

ABSTRACTIntroduction: More than 30% of the population suffer from allergic disorders, making it a civilization disease. Allergies are conditioned not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors such as socio-economic status (SES).The aim of study was to analyse the relationship batween the frequency of allergies and SES.Materials and methods: 700 female students from the University of Łódź, Jagiellonian University and University of Physical Education in Cracow took part in the study. Students answered questions about the occurrence of allergies and specific allergens. Socio-economic status was defined by the place of residence before studies, number of siblings and education level of parents.Results: In the studied group the occurrence of allergies was 29.71%. Women living in urban areas before studies suffered from allergies twice as often as those who had lived in rural areas. Children with siblings had allergies less often than only children. A higher level of education of parents was connected with more frequent allergic reactions, but the difference was not statistically significant. Generally, people with alower SES suffered less often from allergic reactions.Conclusions: People with higher socio-economic status more often suffered from allergic reactions.

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The comparative study of geographically and demographically of the of animal protein consumption from livestock source

Aceh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.13170/ajas.4.1.13549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27-41

Author(s):

Ardi Novra ◽

Fatati Fatati ◽

Mulawarman Mulawarman

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Household Expenditure ◽

Protein Consumption ◽

Material Sources ◽

The Difference ◽

Livestock Products ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

The Relationship

Livestock is one of the important sources for protein in Jambi Province. However, the information on the consumption behavior of animal protein by local people was not available . Hence, the study aimed to analyze the behavior of consumption of protein sources from livestock between geographically and demographically separate regions.The researchsurveyconductedfor sixmonthsusingcross-section datawith the unitof analysisis the household. The multistage cluster random sampling(CRS) technique was used to selectthreetypes sub-districts(urban, migrantandnativerural) inthreedistrictsrepresentingthe western,central and eastern. The selected numbers of 150 householdswhere are allocatedequally with50electedforeach district. Simultaneous equationsmodel ofAIDS(Almost Ideal Demand System) was usedtoanalyze the difference inthe proportion ofconsumer spendingforfood material sources ofanimal protein from livestock. The AIDS model estimated bySeeminglyUnrelatedEquation (SUR) technique usingthe SAS/ETS9.12. The result showed that geographically, the household expenditure for eggs significantdifferencesamong the others and the highestoccur ineastern regions; while demographically, the household expenditure formeatin rural areas was significantly higher thanin the urban, but fordairysignificantly higher than in urban areas. The household expenditure for eggs more responsive to the other prices, but the meat more responsive to own and dairy prices. The same non-price factor was significantly influenced to all commodities for livestock products, and the relationship between eggandmeatcommodities weresubstituted, but with dairywascomplementary. It is concluded that demographic factors are more influential than geographic factors on the behavior of animal protein consumption from livestockKeywords: Geographically, Demographically, Livestock, Protein, AIDS

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Variables Explaining Bank Stock Prices

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v26i4.301 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jimmy D. Moss ◽

Gisele J. Moss

Keyword(s):

Interest Rates ◽

Term Structure ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Yield Curve ◽

Stock Index ◽

Stock Market Volatility ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Bank Stock ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between an index of bank common stock prices and a variety of explanatory variables including interest rates on Treasury securities of various maturities and other economic variables.  We also examine the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and bank stock prices.  A sample of week ending values of the bank stock index is used as a proxy for the bank industry.  The weekly closing interest rates for the 13-week Treasury bill, 5-year Treasury note, 10-year Treasury note and the 30-year Treasury bond are used in the study.  Other data used were the U.S. dollar index, the CRB index, the price of gold, the S&P500 stock index, the VIX stock market volatility index and a measure of the yield curve.  Data was taken from January 1998 through November 2009.  Therefore, a total of approximately 620 cases of weekly observations are included in the study.  In order to study the effects of term structure of interest rates on bank stock prices, we take the difference between the 10-year Note and the 13-week Bill.  All variables are converted to a stationary series by taking first differences of each series.  Multiple linear regression is then used to study the variables that can explain bank stock prices.  A stepwise procedure was used to identify those variables with the strongest relationships in a multi-variable equation.  Three independent variables were found with an R-squared of 0.619.  The results of this study corroborate previous studies and have practical implications for investors and for bank managers.

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Economical Activity Of The Polish Population

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia ◽

10.1515/foli-2015-0007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 198-210

Author(s):

Beata Bieszk-Stolorz ◽

Iwona Markowicz

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Explanatory Variable ◽

Age Group ◽

Polish Population ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Starting Point ◽

Gender Education ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Impact ◽

Economical Activity

Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the impact of a job seeker’s gender, education, age on their employment odds in Poland in 2011. The research includes Polish population which was economically active and aged 15 and more in 2011 (17,951 thousand people). The research tool was a logit model. The starting point for the analysis was the construction of a model that related employment to gender only. Then other models with many explanatory variables were constructed. Since the gender related odds ratios that have been determined for the sake of those models are interpreted under the assumption that the other variables are constant, it indicates that the women’s and men’s odds ratio remains the same in urban and rural areas, on every education level and in every age group. But in reality it is not true. This is why we estimated the models that contained only one explanatory variable (gender) for individual subgroups and models with the interactions.

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Common Factors of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Outbreak as Observed in Four Global Cities

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5996

Author(s):

Misato Uehara ◽

Makoto Fujii ◽

Kazuki Kobayashi ◽

Yasuto Hayashi ◽

Yuki Arai

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Stress Change ◽

Living Alone ◽

Web Based ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Stress Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Private Research

Research focusing on stress change comparing before and after being affected by the first COVID-19 outbreak is still limited. This study examined the model between the stress changes during the first COVID-19 outbreak and social attributes (age, sex, occupation, etc.) among residents of four cities around the globe. We obtained 741 valid responses from the residents of London (11.5%), New York (13.8%), Amsterdam (11.7%), and Tokyo (53.4%), through a web-based questionnaire survey conducted in collaboration with a private research firm. We identified 16 statistically significant variables out of 36 explanatory variables, which explained a significant stress change compared to the pre-outbreak period. This result showed that whether living alone or not and the number of times going out for walk or jogging during the first COVID-19 outbreak were the explanatory variables with higher significance for the reduced stress. In addition, those who lived in a place different from their hometowns, who were dissatisfied with their work or their family relationships were more stressed, with statistically significant differences.

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