Has Otitis Media Disappeared during COVID-19 Pandemic? A Fortuitus Effect of Domestic Confinement

Background: To measure patient flow at our Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) during the Italian lockdown, with particular care in terms of otolaryngological (ENT)-related diagnoses. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of electronic charts of children admitted to our PED in the City Center of Milan (Italy) for any disease. The outcome was to compare distribution of diagnoses performed at our PED during 21 February–3 May 2019 (period 1) to 21 February–3 May 2020 (period 2). Results: A total of 4538 children were evaluated during period 1 compared to 1310 during period 2. A statistically significant overall effect on diagnosis between the study periods was attested (p-value < 0.001; pseudoR2 = 0.010), ENT-related diagnoses being more frequently documented in period 1 (80.4% vs. 19.5%; p-value < 0.001), as well as those related to middle ear infections (92.8% vs. 7.2%; p-value < 0.001). Non-complicated acute otitis media more frequently occurred in period 1 (92.0% vs. 8.0%; p-value < 0.001); no significant difference in the number of complicated middle ear infections occurred (95.8% vs. 4.2%). Conclusions: The exceptional circumstances of the Italian lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in patients’ attendance to our PED, especially when considering diagnoses related to any ENT disorder, middle ear disease, and non-complicated middle ear infection.

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Middle Ear Infection in Children and Its Association with Dental Caries

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/cjmed-1043 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nilotpol Kashyap ◽

Tulsi Katlam ◽

Alok Avinash ◽

Brij Kumar ◽

Reena Kulshrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

P Value ◽

Normal Children ◽

Ear Infection ◽

Feeding Method ◽

Middle Ear Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Introduction. Middle ear infection affects mostly infants and children, associated with elevatedlevel of S. mutans, which increases the chances of developing caries.Aim. To evaluate the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans between normal children & children affected by middle ear infection.Method. This descriptive study was carried out on 120 children aged 5 years and younger. They were selected randomly from schools and medical hospitals. S. mutans was counted from saliva sample and a questionnaire was given to be filled by their parents about the feeding method, pattern and specific childhood illness.Result. Out of 120 children examined, 62 were boys and 58 were girls. Mean CFU in middle ear infection group was 5.60+9.53, whereas in children with no middle ear infection it was 1.70+3.34. Unpaired ‘t’ test revealed statistically significant difference among the two groups (p value = 0.001).Conclusion. S. mutans count was comparatively higher in children having middle ear infection rather than non-infected children, which may cause dental caries in the future.

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Hubungan Rinitis Alergi Dengan Otitis Media Akut Pada Anak Di RSUD Dr. H Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung Tahun

MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal ◽

10.33024/mahesa.v1i3.3924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 198-203

Author(s):

Muslim Kasim ◽

Arti Febriyani Hutasuhut ◽

Tan’im Arief ◽

Farah Ulya Suryadana

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Research Design ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN IN RSUD DR. H ABDUL MOELOEK BANDAR LAMPUNG Introduction: Background : Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is an inflammation that happen in the middle ear and is very common, especially in children. Children are susceptible to acute otitis media (AOM) due to the shorter and horizontal anatomy of the eustachian tube. Allergic Rhinitis is one of the risk factos that caused acute otitis media in children.Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between Allergic Rhinitis and Acute Otitis Media in ChildrenMethod: This study used an observational analytic research with cross sectional research design. The sample in this study was 59 patients diagnosed with acute otitis media at RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in 2019-2020. The sampling technique used total sampling. Data analysis using Chi-Square testResult: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between allergic rhinitis and acute otitis media in children with p value = 0,047(<0,05) with an OR = 0,146 (95%CI 0,17-1,232). Conclusion: There is a relationship between Allergic Rhinitis and Acute Otitis Media in children at Dr. H Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung in 2019-2020 Keyword : Allergic Rhinitis, Acute Otitis Media, Children INTISARI: HUBUNGAN RINITIS ALERGI DENGAN OTITIS MEDIA AKUT PADA ANAK DI RSUD DR. H ABDUL MOELOEK BANDAR LAMPUNG Latar belakang: Otitis Media Akut (OMA) merupakan peradangan yang terjadi pada telinga bagian tengah dan sangat sering terjadi terutama pada anak-anak. Anak-anak rentan terkena Otitis Media Akut (OMA) dikarenakan bentuk anatomi tuba eustachius yang lebih pendek dan horizontal. Rinitis Alergi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang menyebabkan Otitis Media Akut pada anak.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan Rinitis Alergi dengan Otitis Media akut pada Anak.Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 59 pasien dengan diagnosa otitis media akut anak di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek tahun 2018. Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-SquareHasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara rinitis alergi dengan otitis media akut pada anak dengan p value = 0,047(<0,05) dengan nilai OR = 0,146 (95%CI 0,17-1,232).Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara Rinitis Alergi dengan Otitis Media Akut pada anak di RSUD Dr. H Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2019-2020 Kata Kunci : Rinitis Alergi, Otitis Media Akut, Anak

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Acute otitis media

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1177/1755738018766193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 305-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John F Curran ◽

Hannah L Cornwall ◽

Miklos Perenyei ◽

Tobias Moorhouse

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Secondary Care ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Common Condition ◽

Ear Infection ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Middle Ear Infection ◽

Patient Morbidity

Middle ear infection, or acute otitis media (AOM), is a common condition encountered in primary care. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and sequelae of AOM can be overlooked, leading to significant patient morbidity. This article aims to raise awareness of AOM and highlights the relevant anatomy, epidemiology and aetiology. We discuss prevention, diagnosis and management of AOM in primary care, the recognition of complications and when to refer to secondary care.

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Experimental Acute Otitis Media Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Comparison of High and Low Azithromycin Doses with Placebo

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.7.2194-2199.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 2194-2199 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Franz E. Babl ◽

Stephen I. Pelton ◽

Zhong Li

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Published Data ◽

Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Ear Infection ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Middle Ear Infection

ABSTRACT Treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) with azithromycin results in apparent clinical success, but tympanocentesis performed 4 to 6 days after initiation of therapy in children with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recovered from initial middle ear cultures demonstrates persistence of infection in more than 50% of episodes. We sought to determine the effect of azithromycin at different doses on the density of middle ear infection due to NTHI to provide additional understanding of this dichotomy between clinical and microbiologic outcome measures in AOM. In a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media (EOM), animals treated with placebo were compared to animals receiving a single daily dose 30 or 120 mg of azithromycin per kg of body weight per day for 5 days. Microbiologic outcome was assessed by obtaining quantitative cultures from the middle ear during a 5-day course and for 1 week following therapy. Azithromycin concentrations were measured to ascertain whether a concentration-dependent effect was present. Azithromycin at 30 and 120 mg/kg/day demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the quantitative assessment of middle ear infection due to NTHI. A 30-mg/kg dose of azithromycin daily resulted in levels in serum and areas under the serum concentration-time curve at 24 h comparable to published data obtained with children given azithromycin at 5 to 10 mg/kg in multiday regimens. Increased doses of azithromycin (120 mg/kg) achieved 2.5- to 4-fold-higher levels in serum and 3- to 6-fold-higher total levels and levels in extracellular middle ear fluid as well as more rapid reduction in bacterial density and a greater proportion of middle ears with complete sterilization than either placebo or the 30-mg/kg/day regimen.

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Acute middle ear infection (acute otitis media) in children

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m4238 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m4238

Author(s):

Roderick P Venekamp ◽

Anne G M Schilder ◽

Maaike van den Heuvel ◽

Alastair D Hay

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Ear Infection ◽

Middle Ear Infection

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Acute Otitis Media Increases Middle Ear Susceptibility to Nasal Injection of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459989411000114 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

Patrick J. Antonelli ◽

Steven K. John ◽

Chap T. Le ◽

G. Scott Giebink

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Fourth Group ◽

Middle Ear Infection ◽

Penicillin Treatment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected intranasally into four groups of chinchillas to determine if these bacteria can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube. One group completed penicillin treatment of bilateral penumococcal otitis media (POM), and the second group started penicillin treatment of bilateral POM at the time of P. aeruginosa injection. A third group had no POM, but completed a course of penicillin treatment before P. aeruginosa injection, and a fourth group had no POM and received no penicillin. Middle ear susceptibility to nasally injected P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in animals with POM (61%) than in animals without POM (32%, p = 0.001). Forced eustachian tube opening pressures did not correlate with P. aeruginosa susceptibility. Thus, P. aeruginosa, the principle pathogen of chronic suppurative otitis media, can invade the middle ear by way of the eustachian tube, and acute otitis media predisposes to middle ear infection by P. aeurginosa.

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Effect of Naproxen, a Prostaglandin Inhibitor, on Acute Otitis Media and Persistence of Middle Ear Effusion in Children

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948909800515 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 389-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Izhak B. Varsano ◽

Benjamin M. Volovitz ◽

Josef E. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear Effusion ◽

Double Blind ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prostaglandin Inhibitor ◽

Ear Effusion

Prostaglandins are thought to be of importance in the pathophysiology of otitis media with effusion (OME), and the possibility of reducing the frequency and persistence of this condition by using prostaglandin inhibitors has been suggested. In a double blind manner, naproxen was administered to children with acute otitis media, in addition to amoxicillin, and its influence on the subsequent occurrence and persistence of middle ear effusion was evaluated. Eighty-one children participated in the study. No significant difference was found in the number of patients with tympanograms consistent with OME in the two groups. After 10 days of treatment, 63% in the naproxen and 58% in the placebo group, and after 30 days, 41% and 59%, respectively, had type B tympanograms. Similarly, there were no differences between the two groups with respect to other parameters studied (duration of otalgia, fever, otoscopic findings). No side effects related to naproxen were observed.

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Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Chinchillas

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.66.5.1973-1980.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 1973-1980 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yan-ping Yang ◽

Sheena M. Loosmore ◽

Brian J. Underdown ◽

Michel H. Klein

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Candidate Vaccine ◽

Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽

Ear Infection ◽

Middle Ear Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vaccine Antigens

ABSTRACT Colonization of the nasopharynx by a middle ear pathogen is the first step in the development of otitis media in humans. The establishment of an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization would therefore be of great utility in assessing the potential protective ability of candidate vaccine antigens (especially adhesins) against otitis media. A chinchilla nasopharyngeal colonization model for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was developed with antibiotic-resistant strains. This model does not require coinfection with a virus. There was no significant difference in the efficiency of NTHI colonization between adult (1- to 2-year-old) and young (2- to 3-month-old) animals. However, the incidence of middle ear infection following nasopharyngeal colonization was significantly higher in young animals (83 to 89%) than in adult chinchillas (10 to 30%). Chinchillas that had recovered either from a previous middle ear infection caused by NTHI or from an infection by intranasal inoculation with NTHI were completely protected against nasopharyngeal colonization with a homologous strain and were found to be the best positive controls in protection studies. Systemic immunization of chinchillas with inactivated whole-cell preparations significantly protected animals not only against homologous NTHI colonization but also partially against heterologous NTHI infection. In all protected animals, significant serum anti-P6 and anti-HMW antibody responses were observed. The outer membrane P6 and high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins appear to be promising candidate vaccine antigens to prevent nasopharyngeal colonization and middle ear infection caused by NTHI.

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Tragal perichondrium as graft material in tympanoplasty: our experience

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 430

Author(s):

Vivek K. Pathak ◽

Pradeepti Nayak ◽

Sonali Tyagi ◽

Rohit Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Age Groups ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Chronic Otitis Media ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cell System ◽

P Value ◽

Graft Material

Background: It has been defined as a permanent abnormality of pars tensa or flaccida, as a result of acute otitis media, negative middle ear pressure or otitis media with effusion. It manifests clinically as ear discharge and decreased hearing and may lead to numerous changes in the tympanic membrane, middle ear cleft, and mastoid air cell system. It has been classified into two types: mucosal and squamosal types. Chronic otitis media (COM) is a very common condition in developing countries in both adult and paediatric age groups. This study has been conducted to determine the outcome and graft uptake of tragal perichondrium in type 1 tympanoplasty.Methods: The prospective analytical study was conducted department of otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of 12months from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. 30 patients according to inclusion criterion underwent tympanolpasty using tragal perichondrium were included in study. The data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 21.0. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statically significant. Results: Preoperative mean hearing loss was 38.45±7.01 dB, mean air bone gap was 20.20±3.75 dB, and postoperative air bone gap was reduced to an average of 10.86±3.82 dB. 8.51 dB of hearing gain was achieved and an air bone gap réduction of 8.51 dB was observed.Conclusions: Our study concluded tragal perichondrium is a suitable graft material is n mucosal type of COM.

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The Effect of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeProtein D Conjugate Vaccine onH. influenzaein Healthy Carriers and Middle Ear Infections in Iceland

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00116-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hildigunnur Sveinsdóttir ◽

Jana Birta Björnsdóttir ◽

Helga Erlendsdóttir ◽

Martha Á. Hjálmarsdóttir ◽

Birgir Hrafnkelsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Annual Number ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Content Type ◽

Ear Infections ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Healthy Carriers

ABSTRACTVaccinations with the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PHiD-CV) started in Iceland in 2011. Protein D (PD) fromH. influenzae, which is coded for by thehpdgene, is used as a conjugate in the vaccine and may provide protection against PD-positiveH. influenzae. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PHiD-CV vaccination onH. influenzaein children, both in carriage and in acute otitis media (AOM).H. influenzaewas isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected from healthy children attending 15 day care centers in 2009 and from 2012 to 2017 and from middle ear (ME) samples from children with AOM collected from 2012 to 2017. All isolates were identified using PCR for thehpdandfucKgenes. Of the 3,600 samples collected from healthy children, 2,465 were culture positive forH. influenzae(68.5% carriage rate); of these, 151 (6.1%) containedhpd-negative isolates. Of the 2,847 ME samples collected, 889 (31.2%) were culture positive forH. influenzae; of these, 71 (8.0%) werehpdnegative. Despite the same practice throughout the study, the annual number of ME samples reduced from 660 in 2012 to 330 in 2017. The proportions ofhpd-negative isolates in unvaccinated versus vaccinated children were 5.6% and 7.0%, respectively, in healthy carriers, and 5.4% and 7.8%, respectively, in ME samples. The proportion ofhpd-negative isolates increased with time in ME samples but not in healthy carriers. The number of ME samples from children with AOM decreased. The PHiD-CV had no effect on the proportion of thehpdgene inH. influenzaefrom carriage, but there was an increase inhpd-negativeH. influenzaein otitis media. The proportions ofhpd-negative isolates remained similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated children.

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