scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3473
Author(s):  
Irena Mladenova
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative helical, microaerophilic bacterium which colonizes the antrum and body of the stomach, surviving in its harsh environment through mechanisms of acid resistance and colonization factors. It infects approximately 50% of the world population. Although the prevalence of this infection varies from country to country, as well as between different ethnic, social or age groups, it is estimated that about 50% of the human population only carries this microorganism. While H. pylori has been found to play a major etiological and pathogenic role in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, its importance for many types of extra-gastric disease needs to be further investigated. The choice of tests to diagnose H. pylori infection, defined as invasive or non-invasive, depends on the clinical indication as to whether to perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Focusing on bacterial eradication, the treatment should be decided locally based on the use of antibiotics and documented antibiotic resistance. The author provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about the clinical aspects of H. pylori infection, especially its diagnostic and therapeutic management.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a National Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Adhikari ◽  
Guru Prasad Dhakal ◽  
Nongluck Suwisith ◽  
Sonam Dargay ◽  
Krishna P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium causing chronic gastric infection and may cause gastric cancer. It was necessary to see the trend of infection, especially in symptomatic patients. This retrospective descriptive study was aimed to describe the characteristics of H. pylori infection in Bhutanese patients referred for an endoscopy to the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: The sample of the study was randomized 380 medical records of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Rapid Urea Test for symptomatic dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Data was collected using a survey form designed by the researchers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high (76.6%). The mean age of the infection was 42 with a range from 15 to 84 years. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age group 20-29 years (82.7%) and lowest in the oldest age group 70-84 years (66.7%). The analysis showed no significant difference in infection amongst age groups, gender, and endoscopic findings to the positive results at 5% significant level except for monthly prevalence (p<0.001). Gastritis was the commonest endoscopy finding (153/380) and gastro-duodenitis had the highest positivity rate (88.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection was relatively high compared with previous studies. Young and middle-aged adults had a high prevalence and this group needs to be given priority for screening and eradication treatment considering limited resources to prevent associated gastric cancer in Bhutan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vudumula Vijaya Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has a role in the multifactorial etiology of peptic ulcer disease. A link between H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease is now established. Other contributing factors and their interaction with the organism may initiate the ulcerative process. The fact that eradication of H. pylori infection leads to a long-term cure in the majority of duodenal ulcer patients and the fact that the prevalence of infection is higher in ulcer patients than in the normal population are cogent arguments in favor of it being the primary cause of the ulceration. This study was under taken at the Department of surgery, Narayana medical college, Nellore from January 2007 to July 2008. A total of 150 patients with duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, antral gastritis, gastric carcinoma and dyspepsia of any kind were studied. Maximum number of cases were in the age group of 31 years to 50 years among both sexes and number of cases gradually decreased after 50 years of age in males and females. Males were more in number and male to female ratio is (2.75:1) approximately 3:1.

scholarly journals Age and Helicobacter pylori decrease gastric mucosal surface hydrophobicity independently

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hackelsberger ◽  
U Platzer ◽  
M Nilius ◽  
V Schultze ◽  
T Günther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Mucosal Defence

Background—Gastric mucosal surface hydrophobicity (GMSH) is an essential component of the mucosal defence system that is decreased by Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Gastric ulcers occur predominantly in elderly subjects, and may thus reflect diminished mucosal resistance.Aims—To investigate whether aging decreases GMSH.Patients—One hundred and twenty patients without peptic ulcer disease were divided into three age groups: I (41 years or below); II (41–64 years); and III (65 years or above).Methods—Biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus, and cardia for histology (Sydney system), urease testing for H pylori, and for contact angle measurement of GMSH with a goniometer. The presence of specific H pyloriantibodies was checked by immunoblotting.Results—Fifty two patients (43%) were infected, and 68 were uninfected with H pylori. GMSH at all biopsy sites was lower in H pylori infected subjects (p=0.0001), but also decreased with age independently of infection status (p=0.0001). The most notable decrease in GMSH occurred between age groups I and II in those with, and between age groups II and III in those without, H pylori infection. GMSH was greater in antral than in corpus mucosa in both infected (p=0.0001) and uninfected patients (p=0.0003).Conclusions—A physiological decrease in GMSH with aging may contribute to the risk of ulcer development in the elderly, and may act synergistically with H pylori and/or NSAIDs on gastric mucosal defence.

scholarly journals Medium pH-dependent redistribution of the urease of Helicobacter pylori

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Hong ◽  
Kouichi Sano ◽  
Shinichi Morimatsu ◽  
David R. Scott ◽  
David L. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Outer Portion ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Helicobacter pylori is an aetiological agent of gastric disease. Although the role of urease in gastric colonization of H. pylori has been shown, it remains unclear as to where urease is located in this bacterial cell. The purpose of this study was to define the urease-associated apparatus in the H. pylori cytoplasm. H. pylori was incubated at both a neutral and an acidic pH in the presence or absence of urea and examined by double indirect immunoelectron microscopy. The density of gold particles for UreA was greatest in the inner portion of the wild-type H. pylori cytoplasm at neutral pH but was greatest in the outer portion at acidic pH. This difference was independent of the presence of urea and was not observed in the ureI-deletion mutant. Also, the eccentric shift of urease in acidic pH was not observed in UreI. After a 2 day incubation period at acidic pH, it was observed that the urease gold particles in H. pylori assembled and were associated with UreI gold particles. Urease immunoreactivity shifted from the inner to the outer portion of H. pylori as a result of an extracellular decrease in pH. This shift was urea-independent and UreI-dependent, suggesting an additional role of UreI in urease-dependent acid resistance. This is the first report of the intracellular transport of molecules in bacteria in response to changes in the extracellular environment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Shatdal Chaudhary ◽  
Altaban Rahi ◽  
Anita Shah ◽  
Aakash Shahi ◽  
Badri Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gastric Erosion ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
H Pylori

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophile gram-negative bacillus which is found mainly on the surface of mucous membrane of the prepyloric part of the stomach. It is found to be infecting approximately 50% of world population. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence of H. pylori is variable. A high incidence of H. pylori colonization has been found in portal hypertension; especially in those with gastric erosion. This study was done to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with portal hypertension at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Nepal.  Materials and methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study. All the consecutive patients aged more than 16 years, presented with portal hypertension who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The study period was from 1st  September 2015 to 31st August 2016. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all cases and mucosal biopsy was taken. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by using rapid urease test.  Results: During the study period, 71 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients 21 (29.6%) were between 51-60 years age group. There were more male (78.9%) then female (21.1%). The mean age of study population was 50.85 ± 12.47 years. Among the study population, rapid urease test was positive in 70.4% (n=50) patients.  Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was seen in 70.4% of the patients suffering with portal hypertension. 

scholarly journals Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori infection among Saudi patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad A.S. Al-Eidan ◽  
Mohamed Alnaser ◽  
Sameera M. Aljohani ◽  
Mishal Al Johani ◽  
Ahmed El Hafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Saudi Patients

There is growing concern about <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) resistance strains being the main agent contributing to eradication failure. In this study we evaluated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility trends of <em>H. pylori</em> over a period of time. Over a period of seven years a total of 384 biopsy specimens were sent to the microbiology department and evaluated for culturing <em>H. pylori</em> and assess its susceptibility. Biopsy specimens that cultured and where bacterial susceptibility was determined were regarded as <em>H. pylori</em> positive, and specimens that failed to culture were considered <em>H. pylori</em> negative. A total of 221 patients with <em>H. pylori</em> positive were assessed and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. The overall prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infections among Saudis undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with indicated specimens, was 57.6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated; overall clarithromycin resistance was found to be 4.5% and metronidazole resistance 52.5%. The number of clarithromycin resistant strains has increased significantly from 2.5% in 2008 to 10% in 2014 (PH. pylori infection is very common among Saudi patients with peptic ulcer disease. Resistance of <em>H. pylori</em> against clarithromycin and metronidazole has increased significantly over the seven-year period. This suggests a need to monitor the annual antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Children—The Link between Endoscopy and Histology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Teodora Domșa ◽  
Raluca Lupușoru ◽  
Dan Gheban ◽  
Radu Șerban ◽  
Cristina Maria Borzan
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori

Background: The management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection raises important challenges, still being the most common chronic infection worldwide in all age groups. In high-prevalence regions, paediatric patients need a specific focus, as the acquisition of the infection takes place in childhood. The objective of this study was to analyze the endoscopic and histopathologic changes of the gastric mucosa in H. pylori infected children. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on consecutive paediatric patients, ranging from 0 to 18 years of age, who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) for a period of 5 years, regardless of their symptomatology. Endoscopy reports and histological slides were reviewed and clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were recorded. Results: A total of 248 patients were included in the study, 82 (33.06%) of them being H. pylori infected. There was no difference in age and symptoms between the infected and noninfected group. A significant association was found between the H. pylori infection and histopathological parameters such as acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The bacterial load influences the intensity of inflammation (p < 0.001). The chronic inflammation was predominant, only 23.2% of the patients displayed acute inflammation (p < 0.0001). The topographic distribution of inflammation was dominated by pangastritis (p = 0.04) with 58.6% of the patients presenting similar degrees of inflammation both in the antrum and corpus. Conclusion: Endoscopic features such as nodularity of the antral mucosa (p < 0.05) along with histological findings as lymphoid follicles (p < 0.05) are suggestive of H. pylori infection. However, the concordance between the endoscopic and histological diagnosis is still far from perfect (Cohen’s k coefficient = 0.42), maintaining the need for an invasive approach in children.

scholarly journals Application of a Stool Antigen Test To Evaluate the Incidence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children and Adolescents from Tehran, Iran

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Falsafi ◽  
Nargess Valizadeh ◽  
Shayesteh Sepehr ◽  
Mehri Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Family History ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in childhood, especially in developing countries, where a low-cost, rapid diagnostic technique which is reliable for all age groups may be useful for the management of H. pylori infection. For this purpose, we used an HpSA test (Equipar) to detect H. pylori infection in children and adolescents from Tehran, Iran. Thirty-five children who were positive or negative for H. pylori infection by endoscopy-based tests were used as positive and negative controls for the HpSA test. Stools were collected from 430 randomly selected children and adolescents (4 to 18 years old) from southwest, near the center, and northwest of Tehran. A questionnaire that included presence of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), family history of infection and/or peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and income of parents was completed. A good agreement was found between the results of endoscopy-based tests and those of the HpSA test; the sensitivity and specificity of the Equipar-HpSA test were 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Among 430 children and adolescents, 47% were positive by the HpSA test, of whom 82% had RAP. No difference in incidence was observed between the two sexes; the various categories of age showed an increasing incidence, ranging from 24% (ages 4 to 6) to 58% (ages 16 to 18). The rate of infection in children and adolescents from the southwest was significantly higher (70%) than the rate in those from the northwest (32%), and a family history of H. pylori infection or PUD was observed in 59% of the HpSA positive subjects. The HpSA test is a useful test to detect H. pylori infection in children and adolescents from developing countries.

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of Helicobacter pylori urease with a novel inhibitor in the active site at 2.0 Å resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva S. Cunha ◽  
Xiaorui Chen ◽  
Marta Sanz Gaitero ◽  
Deryck J. Mills ◽  
Hartmut Luecke
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resolution Structure

AbstractInfection of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori remains a worldwide problem and greatly contributes to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Without active intervention approximately 50% of the world population will continue to be infected with this gastric pathogen. Current eradication, called triple therapy, entails a proton-pump inhibitor and two broadband antibiotics, however resistance to either clarithromycin or metronidazole is greater than 25% and rising. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a targeted, high-specificity eradication drug. Gastric infection by H. pylori depends on the expression of a nickeldependent urease in the cytoplasm of the bacteria. Here, we report the 2.01 Å resolution structure of the 1.1 MDa urease in complex with a novel inhibitor by cryo-electron microscopy and compare it to a β-mercaptoethanol-inhibited structure at 2.45 Å resolution. The structural information is of sufficient detail to aid in the development of inhibitors with high specificity and affinity.

scholarly journals Vacuolating Cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role during Colonization in a Mouse Model of Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina R. Salama ◽  
Glen Otto ◽  
Lucy Tompkins ◽  
Stanley Falkow
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Vacuolating Cytotoxin ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Mouse Model Of Infection

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and ulcer disease in humans, secretes a toxin called VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin) into culture supernatants. VacA was initially characterized and purified on the basis of its ability to induce the formation of intracellular vacuoles in tissue culture cells. H. pyloristrains possessing different alleles of vacA differ in their ability to express active toxin. Those strains expressing higher toxin levels are correlated with more severe gastric disease. However, the specific role(s) played by VacA during the course of infection and disease is not clear. We have used a mouse model of H. pylori infection to begin to address this role. A null mutation of vacA compromises H. pylori in its ability to initially establish infection. If an infection by a vacAmutant is established, the bacterial load and degree of inflammation are similar to those associated with an isogenic wild-type strain. Thus, in this infection model, vacA plays a role in the initial colonization of the host, suggesting that strains of H. pylori expressing active alleles of vacA may be better adapted for host-to-host transmission.

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