scholarly journals Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in a Kenyan Maasai Adolescent Population and Inhibition of Leukotoxic Activity by Herbal Plants Used as Part of Oral Hygiene Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5402
Author(s):  
Mark Lindholm ◽  
Rolf Claesson ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Tonnie Mulli ◽  
Jan Oscarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Aggregatibacter Aphrophilus ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Microbial Sampling

Background: A virulent genotype (JP2) of the periodonto-pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), is widespread in North and West Africa, while its presence in East Africa has not been thoroughly investigated. This JP2 genotype is associated with periodontitis in adolescents and has a high leukotoxicity. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of Aa and its JP2 genotype, the prevalence of the oral, commensal Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in a Maasai adolescent population, and the effect of herbal plants for inhibition of leukotoxicity. Methods: A total of 284 adolescents from Maasai Mara, Kenya, underwent an oral examination and microbial sampling. The presence of Aa and A. aphrophilus was analyzed by quantitative PCR and cultivation (the 58 samples collected at the last day of field study). The collected Aa strains were characterized and leukotoxin promoter typed. Additionally, herbal plants commonly used for oral hygiene were assessed for the inhibition of leukotoxicity. Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of Aa in stimulated whole saliva was high (71.8%), with the JP2 genotype detected in one individual, and A. aphrophilus in 99% of the sampled individuals. The commonly used herbal plant, Warburgia ugandensis, inactivated Aa leukotoxicity. The Aa virulence might be reduced through use of W. ugandensis and the high levels of A. aphrophilus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Oral Hygiene Practice of Kenyan Adolescents in Maasai Mara

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Dorte Haubek ◽  
Tonnie Mulli ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Mark Lindholm ◽  
Hans Gjørup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
North West ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Oral Hygiene Practice

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is implicated in the etiology of periodontitis that affects adolescents. The monitoring and mapping of the geographic dissemination pattern of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans are of interest. In Africa, the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype is known to be prevalent, particularly in north-west Africa. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes and investigate the oral hygiene practices among adolescents living in Maasai Mara, Kenya. A total of 284 adolescents (mean age: 15.0 yrs; SD 1.1) were interviewed regarding their age, gender, medical history, and oral hygiene practice, and the number of teeth present was recorded. One subgingival pooled plaque sample from all the first molars of each participant was analyzed by conventional PCR. The mean number of permanent teeth present was 27.9 (SD: 2.0; range: 22–32; 95% CI: 27.7–28.1). Sixteen (5.6%) and two (0.7%) adolescents were positive for non-JP2 and JP2 genotypes, respectively. For the vast majority of the adolescents, the use of a toothbrush (99.3%) and toothpaste (80.1%), as well as some kind of toothpick (>60.2%), were part of their oral hygiene practice, with dental floss (0.4%) and/or mouth rinses (0.4%) rarely being used. We have, for the first time, identified Kenyan adolescents colonized with the JP2 genotype. The prevalence of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans is low, a possible indicator that it spreading through human migration from North and West Africa to East Africa is a rare occasion.

scholarly journals Solid-Phase Extraction of Aristolochic Acid I from Natural Plant Using Dual Ionic Liquid-Immobilized ZIF-67 as Sorbent

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Pei Chen ◽  
Xiaoman Li ◽  
Xuemin Yan ◽  
Minglei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Aristolochic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Liquid Adsorption ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Aristolochic Acid I ◽  
Herbal Plant

(1) Background: ZIF-67 is one of the most intriguing metal–organic frameworks already applied in liquid adsorption. To increase its adsorption performance, dual ionic liquids were immobilized on ZIF-67 in this research; (2) Methods: The obtained sorbent was used to adsorb aristolochic acid I (AAI) in standard solutions. Then, the sorbent was applied in solid-phase extraction to remove AAI from Fibraurea Recisa Pierre extracted solution. (3) Results: By analyzing the adsorption models, the highest adsorption capacity of immobilized sorbent (50.9 mg/g) was obtained at 25 °C within 120 min. In the SPE process, 0.02 mg of AAI was removed per gram of herbal plant, the adequate recoveries were in the range of 96.2–100.0%, and RSDs were 3.5–4.0%; (4) Conclusions: The provided experimental data revealed that ZIF-67@EIM-MIM was an excellent potential sorbent to adsorb and remove AAI from herbal plant extract, and the successful separation indicated that this sorbent could be an ideal material for the pretreatment of herbal plants containing AAI.

scholarly journals KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH ETNIS MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN ARAS NAPAL KIRI DAN DUSUN ARAS NAPAL KANAN DESA BUKIT MAS KECAMATAN BESITANG KABUPATEN LANGKAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jamilah Nasution ◽  
Putri Dwi Masitah ◽  
Riyanto Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Herbal Plant

Based on this observation, thre are 42 species of beneficial herbal plant from 27 family  grown in  Dusun Aras Napal Kiri and  Dusun Aras Napal Kanan, Desa Bukit Mas Kabupaten Langkat. The parts of plant usefully are leave (22  species or 47,83%), rizomes ( 8 species or17,39%), latex (4 species or 8,70%), seed (3 species or 6,52%), stem and root are each (2 species or 4,35%), and flower (only 1 species or 2,17%).The Javanese is the Etnis who use the most herbal plants (34 species) whilst Karo and Batakness uses 20 species and 19 species.  The wealth  of the herb can be used into 4 categories sch as Medecine (60,47%), Healthcare(30,23%), Beautycare (4,65%), and medicare (4,65%). Keywords: Ethnobotany, medicinal plant, Aras Napal

scholarly journals Association between HACEK bacteraemia and endocarditis

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haur Sen Yew ◽  
Stephen T. Chambers ◽  
Sally A. Roberts ◽  
David J. Holland ◽  
Kylie A. Julian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens ◽  
Aggregatibacter Aphrophilus ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Duke Criteria

We retrospectively examined medical records of 87 patients with bacteraemia caused by members of the HACEK group (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter paraphrophilus, Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.) to determine whether endocarditis was present, as defined by the Duke criteria. The overall positive predictive value (PPV) of HACEK bacteraemia for endocarditis was 60 %. The PPV varied with different HACEK species from 0 % (E. corrodens) to 100 % (A. actinomycetemcomitans).

Effect of β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists on Saliva Proteins and Dental Caries in Asthmatic Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryberg ◽  
C. Möller ◽  
T. Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists

Twenty-four children, from 10 to 20 years old, with asthma treated with β2-adrenoceptor agonists were matched with healthy controls of the same age, sex, and social background. Stimulated whole and parotid saliva was collected, and decayed and filled tooth surfaces as well as oral hygiene habits were recorded. The dietary and sugar intake was carefully checked by a four-day dietary record. The asthmatic children had a 26% lower (p<0.05) value for secretion rate of whole saliva. Seventy percent of the children with Streptococcus mutans counts >2×105 colony-forming units/mL of whole saliva belonged to the asthmatic group (p<0.05). The concentrations of total protein and amylase in parotid saliva were significantly lower for the asthmatic children. The concentrations of potassium, salivary peroxidase, bacteria-aggregating glycoproteins, and secretory IgA were not affected, but the secretion rate of parotid saliva was 36% lower in the asthma group (p<0.05). Oral hygiene and dietary habits did not differ between the groups. The asthmatic children had higher DFS scores, but these were not significantly different from those of the healthy controls (p = 0.07). We suggest that subjects with asthma treated with β2-receptor agonists should receive special prophylactic attention.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Dried and Fresh Herbal Plant (Phyllanthus amarus) Against Pathogens Causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (Ahpnd) in White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Phuong TV ◽  
Hai Yen PT ◽  
Linh NQ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Parahaemolyticus Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Herbal Plant

The study aimed to determine extract yield (%), antibacterial activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts from dried and fresh herbal plants (Phyllanthus amarus) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in white leg shrimp (L. vannamei). The result showed that the extract yields of dry and fresh herbs reached 11.50% and 2.75%, respectively and the antibacterial activity of the two extracts both are good at concentrations from 250 to 1,000 mg/mL at the same bacterial density of 106 CFU/mL. Specifically, the diameter of the inhibition zone at 250; 500; 750 and 1,000 mg/mL concentration of dried herbal extracts reached 16.75±0.96; 18.50±1.29; 20.75±0.96 and 21.25±0.50 mm, while that of fresh herbal extracts reached 14.50±1.29; 16.25±0.50; 16.75±0.50 and 17.00±0.00 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference p<0.05. The result also showed that MIC values of dried and fresh extracts were defined at 125 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, respectively and that MBC values of the extracts were 500 and 1,000 mg/mL respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 19 natural compounds in the dried extract, in which Ethyl Linoleolate (C20H36O2) compound occupied the highest ratio (22.43%), while 2.3-Dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methy-4H-pyran-4-one (C6H8O4) was the lowest (0.24%).

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT DI KAWASAN DESA BATU MEKAR KECAMATAN LINGSAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Husnul Jannah ◽  
Safnowandi Safnowandi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Herbal Plant

Herbal plant was all kinds of plant while it is cultivated or not yet. It can used as herbal plants. The treatment used plant was long time ago done by our great grandfather since long time ago. It was to legacy with hereditary from generation to generation. To knew how much herbal plant was knew by communities in Batu Mekar Village, Lingsar, West Lombok  and viewed what kind of plant has merit  as medicine , so it needed to do a research activity knew kinds of herbal plants in Batu Mekar. This research was descriptive and explorative research used qualitative and quantitative  approach. With sampling technique was snow ball sampling. The data was collected by  interview with all shaman. The observation to field and documentation . the result of this research showed that the identification kinds of herbal plants in Batu Mekar wasvery kinds. It is found 43 kinds of merit herbal plants its can used for treatment all kinds of illness. The benefit of 43 kinds herbal plants used for treatment illness from small and big illness , and the benefit of all parts from that herbal plants with extraction one plant or mixed with other plant.

scholarly journals Reclassification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gen. nov., comb. nov., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov., and emended description of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus to include V factor-dependent and V factor-independent isolates

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Nørskov-Lauritsen ◽  
Mogens Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Aggregatibacter Aphrophilus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽  
Species Type

The aim of this study was to reinvestigate the relationships and the generic affiliations of the species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis. The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene (nadV) conferring V factor-independent growth was identified in Haemophilus aphrophilus. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 462 amino acids that shows 74.5 % amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding enzyme from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Ten isolates of Haemophilus paraphrophilus all carried a nadV pseudogene. DNA from Haemophilus aphrophilus was able to transform Haemophilus paraphrophilus into the NAD-independent phenotype. The transformants carried a full-length nadV inserted in the former locus of the pseudogene. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the type strains of Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus was 77 %. We conclude that the division into two species Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus is not justified and that Haemophilus paraphrophilus should be considered a later heterotypic synonym of Haemophilus aphrophilus. Forty strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis were investigated by multilocus sequence analysis. The 40 strains form a monophyletic group clearly separate from other evolutionary lineages of the family Pasteurellaceae. We propose the transfer of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis to a new genus Aggregatibacter gen. nov. as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans comb. nov. (the type species; type strain ATCC 33384T=CCUG 13227T=CIP 52.106T=DSM 8324T=NCTC 9710T), Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 33389T=CCUG 3715T=CIP 70.73T=NCTC 5906T) and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov. (type strain HK316T=ATCC 33393T=CCUG 10787T=CCUG 12838T=CIP 103292T=NCTC 10977T). The species of the genus Aggregatibacter are independent of X factor and variably dependent on V factor for growth in vitro.

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