Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Dried and Fresh Herbal Plant (Phyllanthus amarus) Against Pathogens Causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (Ahpnd) in White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

The study aimed to determine extract yield (%), antibacterial activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts from dried and fresh herbal plants (Phyllanthus amarus) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in white leg shrimp (L. vannamei). The result showed that the extract yields of dry and fresh herbs reached 11.50% and 2.75%, respectively and the antibacterial activity of the two extracts both are good at concentrations from 250 to 1,000 mg/mL at the same bacterial density of 106 CFU/mL. Specifically, the diameter of the inhibition zone at 250; 500; 750 and 1,000 mg/mL concentration of dried herbal extracts reached 16.75±0.96; 18.50±1.29; 20.75±0.96 and 21.25±0.50 mm, while that of fresh herbal extracts reached 14.50±1.29; 16.25±0.50; 16.75±0.50 and 17.00±0.00 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference p<0.05. The result also showed that MIC values of dried and fresh extracts were defined at 125 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, respectively and that MBC values of the extracts were 500 and 1,000 mg/mL respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 19 natural compounds in the dried extract, in which Ethyl Linoleolate (C20H36O2) compound occupied the highest ratio (22.43%), while 2.3-Dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methy-4H-pyran-4-one (C6H8O4) was the lowest (0.24%).

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Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Containing Propolis as an Antibacterial Agent Candidate against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.62712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ayunda Nur Sukmawati ◽

Sri Pramestri ◽

Al. Sri Koes Soesilowati ◽

Suryono Suryono

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Test Method ◽

Graft Material ◽

Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽

Significant Difference

One of the periodontal pathogenic bacteria that can cause periodontitis and alveolar bone destruction is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. An alveolar bone defect can be treated using a bone graft. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) is an alloplastic graft material. Alloplastic materials do not have vascularization, which will increase the risk of bacterial adhesion. Therefore, adding an antibacterial agent is needed to prevent bacterial adhesion, which will improve periodontal healing. Propolis is a natural ingredient that has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and does not cause bacterial resistance. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of carbonated hydroxyapatite after being incorporated with propolis against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Carbonated hydroxyapatite was embedded into four different concentrations of propolis solution (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). An antimicrobial assay against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was done using the disc diffusion test method. The inhibition zone was measured to determine the antibacterial ability of the specimens. The inhibition zone was found on the carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis at all concentrations. Carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with 10% propolis showed the largest inhibition zone. Data analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference between the groups tested (p <.05). In conclusion, carbonated hydroxyapatite incorporated with propolis has antibacterial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15998.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ovin Qonita Allyn ◽

Eko Kusumawati ◽

Rudy Agung Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Dried Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various concentration ofTerminalia catappabrown leaves extract which can inhibit the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 andPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. The crushed-brown leaves ofTerminalia catappawas extracted using 95% ethanol, filtered, and evaporated. The driedT. catappaextract was used to identify phytochemical content qualitatively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured quantitatively from dried extract. The dried extracts were also dissolved in sterile aquadest and serial dilutions were prepared to final concentration of 30, 60 and 90%. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of brown leaves ofT. catappa. Inhibition zone diameter was measured to determine antibacterial activity. Gentamycin sulfate and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dried ethanolic extract of brownT. catappaleaves contained flavonoid, quinon, phenolic, triterpenoid, and tannin. A total of 208.722 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract of total phenolic and 35.7671 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract of total flavonoid were also found in the dried extract. The inhibition zone diameters of ethanolic extracts ranged from 1.73 to 9.06 mm (S. aureus) and from 1.83 to 6.5 mm (P. aeruginosa). The higher concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of extract (90%) thanS. aureus. Ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappahad different antibacterial effects againstS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameter for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappa.

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Total Lactic Acid Bacteria and Antibacterial Activity in Yoghurt with Addition of Ananas comosus Merr. and Cinnamomum burmannii

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v4i4.2020.257-264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Lusia Yotista Enggal Parasthi ◽

Diana Nur Afifah ◽

Choirun Nissa ◽

Binar Panunggal

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Plate Count ◽

E Coli ◽

Cinnamon Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cinnamomum Burmannii

Background: Diarrhea disease is one of gastrointestinal disorders which is the second leading cause of death in children under five years. Food and beverage contamination is the biggest cause of diarrhea in developing countries. Nanas madu (Ananas comosus Merr.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) have antibacterial properties that can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi causing diarrhea.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the total differences of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and antibacterial activity in yoghurt with the addition of nanas madu and cinnamon extract.Methods: This was an experimental study with various treatment in adding honey cream pineapple (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) and cinnamon extract (4% and 6%). Total LAB was calculated using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method and antibacterial activity was tested using Kirby Bauer method.Results: There was no significant difference in yoghurt with the addition of honey cream pineapple and cinnamon extract. Yoghurt with the highest LAB was yoghurt with addition 40% of honey cream pineapple and 6% of cinnamon extract (N40M2) with total LAB 1,43 x 1019 CFU/ml. The results of the antibacterial activity showed no significant difference of inhibition zone against S. typhi¸ while there was significant difference of inhibition zone against E. coli. The highest activity against S. typhi was yoghurt with addition 60% of honey cream pineapple and 4% of cinnamon extract (N60M1) resulting 6,81 mm inhibition zone and the highest activity against E. coli was N40M1 resulting 6,77 mm of inhibition zone. Conclusion: Total LAB yoghurt with the addition of nanas madu and cinnamon extract have met FAO and SNI standards with LAB minimum 107 CFU/ml. Antibacterial activity of all yoghurt treatment categorized as medium inhibition (5-10 mm).

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In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) Root Extract

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v14i1.460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Faisal GG ◽

Zakaria SM ◽

Najmuldeen GF

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Root Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Introduction: Currently, researchers are aiming to explore herbal plants to replace synthetic drugs because herbal plants contain high active compounds and fewer side effects. Our study was done to determine the antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (E. longifolia) root using ethanol based extract. Methods: Five types of pathogenic bacterial strains were used; Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Disc diffusion assay and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests were used to determine the inhibition zone and turbidity of suspension which reflects the antibacterial activity of the extract. Results: The ethanolic extract of E. longifolia Jack root extract showed positive results against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus) and Gramnegative (S. typhi). B.cereus and S.typhi showed inhibition zone values of 11.76mm and 14.33mm at the extract concentration of 150mg/ml that were higher than the positive control values (9.00, 12.67mm) respectively. However, E. coli and P. aeruginosa did not show any inhibition by the ethanol-based extract. Conclusion: From the results we can conclude that E.Longifolia root extract possesses antibacterial activity that can be further explored to produce new medicinal products.

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Antibacterial Effect Of Kaempferia Galanga L Extract On Lactobacillus Acidophilus –In Vitro

The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.32667/ijid.v1i01.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Josi Saraswati ◽

Annisa Septalita ◽

Arini Bovita. N

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Agar Media ◽

Negative Controls

Introduction: Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria causes dental caries. The previous study has shown that Kaempferia galanga extract has a potential to inhibit the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus.Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of Kaempferia galanga extract to Lactobacillus acidophilus.Methods:Kaempferia galanga is extracted in 3 different solvents:dichlormethane, ethanol, and aquades. For each solvent, 0.2 μl Kaempferia galanga extractdroped into 6 mm steril paper dics. 0.1 ml Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculated on MRS agar. Each disc contains extract were impragnated into the agar media, then incubated at 370C for 24 hours, and inhibition zone measured.Results: Mean scores of Kaempferia galanga extract in 3 different solvents are: Kaempferia galanga (dichlormethane) is 1.6400; Kaempferia galanga (ethanol) is 1.7440; Kaempferia galanga extract is 1.6600; boiled Kaempferia galanga is 1.7000. Using Mann-Whitney Test, the results are: negative controls have no inhibition effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus compaired to Kaempferia galanga extract, comparation of those 4 Kaempferia galangal treatments shows no significant difference, those 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to erythromycin antibacterial effect shows significant difference, otherwise 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to penicillin shows no significant difference except Kaempferia galanga (ethanol).Conclusions: Kaempferia galanga extract can kill Lactobacillus acidophilus. Inhibition effect of Kaempferia galanga extract has no significant difference to penicillin but lower inhibition effect than erythromycin. The Kaempferia galanga extracts showed better antibacterial activity than penicillin.

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Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-heksana dan Etanol Daun Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.) Skeels) Terhadap Salmonella thypi

BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) ◽

10.33772/biowallacea.v6i1.8743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sernita Sernita ◽

Irnawati Irnawati ◽

Syamsinar Syamsinar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Test Method ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Phyllanthus Acidus ◽

Ethanol Fraction

ABSTRAK Penyakit yang sering diobati dengan tanaman herbal adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat herbal adalah daun ceremai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan zona hambat ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana dan etanol daun ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.) skeels) terhadap Salmonella thypi. Penyarian daun ceremai dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dilanjutkan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etanol. Hasil ekstrak dan fraksi daun ceremai kemudian dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam sampel. Metode pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sumuran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etanol mengandung senyawa saponin, tanin, flavonoid dan alkaloid sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung senyawa tanin, flavonoid dan alkaloid. Aktivitas antibakteri metode sumuran ekstrak dan fraksi daun ceremai dengan konsentrasi 15%, 20%, dan 25% memiliki diameter rata-rata zona hambat secara berturut-turut adalah ekstrak etanol yaitu 13,24 mm, 13,74 mm, dan 14,13 mm, Fraksi n-heksan 13,806 mm, 14,32 dan 14,763 mm dan Fraksi etanol 13,096 mm, 13,416 mm, dan 13,486 mm. Hasil identifikasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana dan fraksi etanol menunjukkan fraksi n-heksana memiliki zona hambat yang paling tinggi walaupun masih tergolong dalam zona hambat kategori lemah. Kata Kunci: Daun Ceremai, Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-Heksana, Fraksi Etanol Salmonella thypi. ABSTRACT Diseases that are often treated with herbal plants are infections caused by bacteria. One plant that can be used as an herbal medicine is ceremai leaves. This study aims to determine secondary metabolites and inhibitory zones of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and etanol fraction of ceremai leaves (Phyllanthus acidus L.) Skeels) on Salmonella thypi. The extraction of ceremai leaves by maceration method used 96% ethanol was continued by fractionation with n-hexane and ethanol solvents. The results of extracts and fraction of ceremai leaves were then carried out by phytochemical screening test to determine the secondary metabolites found in the sample. Antibacterial activity test method used in this study is the method of wells. Based on the results of the study, phytochemical screening of ethanol extract and ethanol fraction contained saponin, tannin, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds while the n-hexane fraction contained tannin, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds. Antibacterial activity of wells method of ceremai leaf extract and fraction with a concentration of 15%, 20%, and 25% had an average inhibitory zone diameter, respectively, of ethanol extract 13,24 mm, 13,74 mm, and 14,13 mm, n-hexane fraction 13,806 mm, 14,32 mm and 14,763 mm and ethanol fraction 13,096 mm, 13,416 mm, and 13,486 mm. The results of the identification of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethanol fraction showed that the n-hexane fraction had the highest inhibition zone although it was still classified as a weak inhibition zone. Keywords : Ceremai Leaf, Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction, Salmonella thypi.

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GEL ANTI JERAWAT EKSTRAK DAUN BUTA-BUTA (Excoecaria agallocha L.) DAN PENGUJIAN ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2015.v1.i2.6215 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Ika Olivia Borman ◽

Yusriadi Yusriadi ◽

Evi Sulastri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Activity Data ◽

Excoecaria Agallocha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Stability

Buta-Buta (Excoecaria agallocha L.) leaf is a type of mangrove plants that has antibacterial activity againtsbacteriacausing acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis,. This study aims to formulate buta-buta leaf extract with the concentration of 12.5 % into anti-acne gel using two gels, namely HPMC 8% (Formula 1) and Carbopol 940 2%(Formula 2). Antibacterial activity test was carried out by agar diffusion method using well. The stability and antibacterial activity data during 28 days were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-student with a degree of confidence of 95% (α = 0.05). The evaluation results of anti-acne gel form of buta-buta leaf extract in Formula 2 showedbetter characteristics than Formula 1, which include organoleptic examination, homogenity, pH and viscosity during 28 days. The antibacterial test showed the diameter of inhibition zone of Formula 2 is 11.03 mm ±0,01. The statistic analysis showed a significant difference between Formula 2 with a positive control (klindamisin gel).

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS AGAINST Vibrio parahaemolyticus CAUSING ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE (AHPND) IN WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) IN VITRO

Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University ◽

10.35382/18594816.1.38.2020.559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (38) ◽

pp. 82-88

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Nguyen ◽

Nhi Thi Hong Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Physalis Angulata ◽

Whiteleg Shrimp ◽

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽

Muntingia Calabura

The antibacterial activity of herbal extracts to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied and carried out in the School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University. The results showed that the inhibition zone of Muntingia calaburaleaf extract with ethanol 70% was 18.00 ± 0.00mm, Muntingia calabura leaf extract with ethanol 90% was 17.33 ± 0.58 mm and Muntingia calabura fresh leaf extract was 13.00 ± 0.00 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Muntingia calabura leaf extract with ethanol 70% and 90% were 5.120 mg/L, 10.240 mg/L. MIC value of Al lium cepa extract with ethanol 70% and 90% were 40.960 mg/L, Physalis angulata extract with ethanol 70% and 90% were 81.920 mg/L. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity was highest in the Muntingiacalabura leaf extract and lowest in Physalis angulata extract.

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Pengujian Sifat Fisik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain)

Talenta Conference Series Tropical Medicine (TM) ◽

10.32734/tm.v1i3.266 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 078-085

Author(s):

Setyo Nurwaini ◽

Intan Dewi Saputri

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Significant Difference

Daun Lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) diketahui mengandung senyawa polifenol, flavonoid dan saponin yang merupakan agen antibakteri. Lidah mertua memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun lidah mertua dalam sediaan gel yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar dalam penurunan jumlah angka kuman. Ekstraksi daun lidah mertua menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun lidah mertua dalam sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang digunakan yaitu F1 (10%), F2 (15%) dan F3 (20%). Na CMC digunakan sebagai gelling agent dalam formulasi. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer daun lidah mertua diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli menggunakan metode difusi sumuran, sifat fisik (organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat) serta penurunan jumlah angka kuman dengan metode swabbing. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun lidah mertua memiliki zona hambat bakteri terhadap Escherichia coli pada F1, F2 dan F3 berturut-turut sebesar 7,33 mm, 8,67 mm dan 9,75 mm. Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik gel daun lidah mertua memenuhi kriteria gel yang baik, namun memiliki daya lekat kurang 1 detik. Hasil penurunan jumlah angka kuman gel hand sanitizer daun lidah mertua paling besar pada F3 sebesar 52%. Namun, analisa statistik dengan Anova One Way menunjukkan bahwa F1 (32%), F2 (35%) dan F3 (52%) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam penurunan jumlah angka kuman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun lidah mertua memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan angka kuman dan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sebagai sediaan gel hand sanitizer. Lidah Mertua leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) are known to contain polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins which have antibacterial activity. Lidah Mertua leaves have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study aimed to determine the concentration of Lidah Mertua leaves extract in a gel dosage form which showed the highest antibacterial activity in decreasing germ numbers. Lidah Mertua leaves extract was prepared using the maceration method with ethanol 96%. There was a various concentration of Lidah Mertua leaves extract in gel hand sanitizer, these include F1 (10%), F2 (15%) and F3 (20%). Na CMC is used as a gelling agent in the formulation. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of hand sanitizer gel leaves was performed against Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method, meanwhile physical properties (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion and adhesion) and a decrease in the germ numbers were determined by swabbing method. The results of the antibacterial evaluation of gel hand sanitizer activity showed that lidah Mertua leaves extract had a bacterial inhibition zone against Escherichia coli in F1, F2 and F3 of 7.33 mm, 8.67 mm and 9.75 mm respectively. The results of the evaluation of the physical properties of the lidah mertua leaves extract showed that the gel met criteria of a good gel, but had adhesion less than 1 second. The highest activity in decreasing term number was shown in gel hand sanitizer of lidah mertua leaves extract at F3 which was 52%. However, statistical analysis using Anova One Way showed that F1 (32%), F2 (35%) and F3 (52%) did not show a significant difference in decreasing germ numbers. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the hand sanitizer gel from the extract of lidah mertua leaves has the ability to reduce the number of germs and can be used as an alternative as a gel hand sanitizer dosage form

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.33759/jrki.v2i2.73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 80-88

Author(s):

Hayatus Sa`adah ◽

Supomo Supomo ◽

Musaenah Musaenah

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Bacterial Growth Inhibition ◽

Negative Controls

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the causes of acne. Shallot peels contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which potentially have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the water extracts of shallot peels have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and determine the concentration which can inhibit the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This research is an experimental study. The research stage begins with the extraction of shallot peels using in the foundation. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method with the Cup-plate technique. Propionibacterium acnes used as a sample of bacteria, with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Positive controls used are clindamycin 150 mg and negative controls were used dimethyl sulfoxide 1% (v / v). Data were analyzed with a statistical test of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. The measurement results inhibition zone of shallot peels water extract with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes sequentially by 12.8 mm, 13 mm, 14.33 mm and 15.50 mm in the strong category. The measurements of bacterial growth inhibition zone were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis method gained 0,053 results indicating that the test has a significant effect (P > 0.05) with a decision that means that there is no significant difference between all concentrations.

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