scholarly journals Reclassification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gen. nov., comb. nov., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov., and emended description of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus to include V factor-dependent and V factor-independent isolates

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Nørskov-Lauritsen ◽  
Mogens Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Aggregatibacter Aphrophilus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽  
Species Type

The aim of this study was to reinvestigate the relationships and the generic affiliations of the species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis. The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene (nadV) conferring V factor-independent growth was identified in Haemophilus aphrophilus. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 462 amino acids that shows 74.5 % amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding enzyme from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Ten isolates of Haemophilus paraphrophilus all carried a nadV pseudogene. DNA from Haemophilus aphrophilus was able to transform Haemophilus paraphrophilus into the NAD-independent phenotype. The transformants carried a full-length nadV inserted in the former locus of the pseudogene. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the type strains of Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus was 77 %. We conclude that the division into two species Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus is not justified and that Haemophilus paraphrophilus should be considered a later heterotypic synonym of Haemophilus aphrophilus. Forty strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis were investigated by multilocus sequence analysis. The 40 strains form a monophyletic group clearly separate from other evolutionary lineages of the family Pasteurellaceae. We propose the transfer of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus segnis to a new genus Aggregatibacter gen. nov. as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans comb. nov. (the type species; type strain ATCC 33384T=CCUG 13227T=CIP 52.106T=DSM 8324T=NCTC 9710T), Aggregatibacter aphrophilus comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 33389T=CCUG 3715T=CIP 70.73T=NCTC 5906T) and Aggregatibacter segnis comb. nov. (type strain HK316T=ATCC 33393T=CCUG 10787T=CCUG 12838T=CIP 103292T=NCTC 10977T). The species of the genus Aggregatibacter are independent of X factor and variably dependent on V factor for growth in vitro.

scholarly journals Novel members of the family Flavobacteriaceae from Antarctic maritime habitats including Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii gen. nov., sp. nov., Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov., Subsaxibacter broadyi gen. nov., sp. nov., Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and novel species of the genera Bizionia, Gelidibacter and Gillisia

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1471-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bowman ◽  
David S. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Sea Ice Algae ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Type

Several orange- and yellow-pigmented, halophilic, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative strains were isolated during investigations of maritime Antarctic habitats, including coastal fast sea-ice brine and algae, crustaceans and quartz stone sublithic cyanobacterial biofilms. Isolates investigated in this study belonged to the marine clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae and represented lineages that were either distinct from species with validly published names or appeared to be distinct species within existing genera. A polyphasic taxonomic analysis demonstrated the novelty of these strains, and several new taxa are proposed. Strains from quartz stone sublithic communities were grouped into two new genera designated Subsaximicrobium gen. nov. and Subsaxibacter gen. nov. The genus Subsaximicrobium included the species Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii sp. nov. (type species; type strain G#7T=ACAM 1070T=CIP 108525T) and Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov. (type strain Y4-5T=ACAM 1063T=CIP 108526T). The genus Subsaxibacter contained a single species designated Subsaxibacter broadyi sp. nov. (type strain P7T=ACAM 1064T=CIP 108527T). A novel bacterial strain isolated from the lake-dwelling, calanoid copepod Paralabidocera antarctica was given the name Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain DJ3T=ACAM 1055T=CIP 108538T). Four novel species of the genus Bizionia were discovered, Bizionia algoritergicola sp. nov. (type strain APA-1T=ACAM 1056T=CIP 108533T) and Bizionia myxarmorum sp. nov. (type strain ADA-4T=ACAM 1058T=CIP 108535T), which were isolated from the carapace surfaces of sea-ice algae-feeding amphipods, and Bizionia gelidisalsuginis sp. nov. (type strain IC164T=ACAM 1057T=CIP 108536T) and Bizionia saleffrena sp. nov. (type strain HFDT=ACAM 1059T=CIP 108534T), which were isolated from sea-ice brines. Several other novel species were also isolated from sea-ice samples, including two novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, Gelidibacter gilvus sp. nov. (type strain IC158T=ACAM 1054T=CIP 108531T) and Gelidibacter salicanalis sp. nov. (type strain IC162T=ACAM 1053T=CIP 108532T), as well as three novel species of the genus Gillisia, Gillisia illustrilutea sp. nov. (type strain IC157T=ACAM 1062T=CIP 108530T), Gillisia sandarakina sp. nov. (type strain IC148T=ACAM 1060T=CIP 108529T) and Gillisia hiemivivida sp. nov. (type strain IC154T=ACAM 1061T=CIP 108528T).

The Development of Homologous (Canine/Anti-Canine) Antibodies in Dogs with Haemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency): A Ten-Year Longitudinal Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Tinlin ◽  
Sandra Webster ◽  
Alan R Giles
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

Temulawak (Curcuma  xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizol

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waras Nurcholis ◽  
Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah ◽  
Mono Rahardjo ◽  
Latifah K. Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Promising Line

Temulawak (Curcuma  xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizol

PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant Extract: In vitro Determination of Biological Properties and Minerals Bioaccessibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Ortensia Ilaria Parisi ◽  
Mariarosa Ruffo ◽  
Fabio Amone ◽  
Rocco Malivindi ◽  
Domenico Gorgoglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Oil Red O Staining

Background: The Rotonda’s Red Eggplant belongs to the family of Solanum aethiopicum and it is cultivated in a specific area of Potenza (Basilicata, South of Italy) including villages of Rotonda, Viggianello, Castelluccio Superiore and Castelluccio Inferiore. The Red Eggplant cultivated in this area has gained the PDO, “Protected Designation of Origin”. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract as a possible nutraceutical supplement. The antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties were in vitro evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and by performing the Ammonium Molybdate and Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The hypoglycemic and antihypertensive activity was studied by evaluating the α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, respectively, inhibiting activity. In order to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity, the pancreatic lipase inhibiting property was determined and Oil Red O staining assay was performed. Finally, to evaluate the possible use of this extract as a minerals supplement, Selenium, Potassium and Chrome bioaccessibility was studied. Results: The obtained results underline the good antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and hypolipidemic in vitro properties of the PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract. Moreover, the obtained data show a higher minerals bioaccessibility and this higher value could be ascribable to the natural phytocomplex of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant, which increases the minerals bioaccessibility if compare it with a control sample. Conclusion: The obtained results show that PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract, might be used as a possible nutraceutical supplement, along with traditional therapies, both for its biological properties and for its minerals bioaccessibility value.

scholarly journals Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zoltán László ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Ádám Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.

scholarly journals Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activity of Chalcones and Flavanones from Polygonum salicifolium

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Zheoat ◽  
Samya Alenezi ◽  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽  
Marzuq A. Ungogo ◽  
Ali H. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
First Line ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
The Family

Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are a group of neglected parasitic diseases caused by several species of parasites belonging to the family Trypansomatida. The present study investigated the antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity of chalcones and flavanones from Polygonum salicifolium, which grows in the wetlands of Iraq. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant yielded two chalcones, 2′,4′-dimethoxy-6′-hydroxychalcone and 2′,5′-dimethoxy-4′,6′-dihydroxychalcone, and two flavanones, 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone and 5,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxyflavanone. The chalcones showed a good antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity while the flavanones were inactive. The EC50 values for 2′,4′-dimethoxy-6′-hydroxychalcone against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (0.5 μg/mL), T. congolense (2.5 μg/mL), and Leishmania mexicana (5.2 μg/mL) indicated it was the most active of the compounds. None of the compounds displayed any toxicity against a human cell line, even at 100 µg/mL, or cross-resistance with first line clinical trypanocides, such as diamidines and melaminophenyl arsenicals. Taken together, our study provides significant data in relation to the activity of chalcones and flavanones from P. salicifolium against both parasites in vitro. Further future research is suggested in order to investigate the mode of action of the extracted chalcones against the parasites.

scholarly journals Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase with New Nucleoside Analogues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3461
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Daikopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Apostolou ◽  
Sofia Mourati ◽  
Ioanna Vlachou ◽  
Maria Gougousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Sugar Moiety ◽  
The Family ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Despite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines are already available on the market, there have not been any effective FDA-approved drugs to treat this disease. There are several already known drugs that through drug repositioning have shown an inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These drugs are included in the family of nucleoside analogues. In our efforts, we synthesized a group of new nucleoside analogues, which are modified at the sugar moiety that is replaced by a quinazoline entity. Different nucleobase derivatives are used in order to increase the inhibition. Five new nucleoside analogues were evaluated with in vitro assays for targeting polymerase of SARS-CoV-2.

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