scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Short-Term Health Effects of Air Pollution in Persons Living with Coronary Heart Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. R. Warburton ◽  
Shannon S. D. Bredin ◽  
Erin M. Shellington ◽  
Christie Cole ◽  
Amanda de Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quality Health

Persons living with chronic medical conditions (such as coronary artery disease (CAD)) are thought to be at increased risk when exposed to air pollution. This systematic review critically evaluated the short-term health effects of air pollution in persons living with CAD. Original research articles were retrieved systematically through searching electronic databases (e.g., Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE)), cross-referencing, and the authors’ knowledge. From 2884 individual citations, 26 eligible articles were identified. The majority of the investigations (18 of 22 (82%)) revealed a negative relationship between air pollutants and cardiac function or overall health. Heart rate variability (HRV) was the primary cardiovascular outcome measure, with 10 out of 13 studies reporting at least one index of HRV being significantly affected by air pollutants. However, there was some inconsistency in the relationship between HRV and air pollutants, mediated (at least in part) by the confounding effects of beta-blocker medications. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that air pollution can have adverse effects on cardiovascular function in persons living with CAD. All persons living with CAD should be educated on how to monitor air quality, should recognize the potential risks of excessive exposure to air pollution, and be aware of strategies to mitigate these risks. Persons living with CAD should minimize their exposure to air pollution by limiting outdoor physical activity participation when the forecast air quality health index indicates increased air pollution (i.e., an increased risk).

scholarly journals Short-term effects of air pollution on blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Jung Choi ◽  
Sun-Hwa Kim ◽  
Si-Hyuck Kang ◽  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Ok-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractElevated blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a possible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to ambient air pollution and the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we investigated the hourly relationship between ambient air pollutants and BP. BP measurements were extracted from the electronic health record database of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from February 2015 to June 2017. A total of 98,577 individual BP measurements were matched to the hourly levels of air pollutants. A generalized additive model was constructed for hour lags of 0–8 of air pollutants adjusting for age, sex, meteorological variables, and time trend. Systolic BP was shown to be significantly lower at 2–4 hours and 3–5 hours after increased levels of SO2 and CO, respectively (0.24 mmHg and 0.26 mmHg for an interquartile range, respectively). In contrast, O3 and NO2 were associated with significantly increased systolic BP at 3–5 lag hours and at 0–2 lag hours, respectively. BP elevation in association with O3 and NO2 was shown to be significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with elevated BP.

Air pollution and pulmonary health: Effects of short-term indoor air quality intervention with portable air purifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Kei Chung ◽  
Xiaoxing Cui* ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Jianbang Xiang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Purifier

scholarly journals The first 1000 days of life: traffic-related air pollution and development of wheezing and asthma in childhood. A systematic review of birth cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bettiol ◽  
Elena Gelain ◽  
Erika Milanesio ◽  
Federica Asta ◽  
Franca Rusconi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life -including pregnancy and the first 2 years after birth- represent a critical window for health interventions. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on the relationship between traffic-related air pollutants exposure in the first 1000 days of life and the development of wheezing and asthma, with a particular focus on windows of exposure. Methods Medline and Embase were searched from January 2000 to May 2020 to retrieve population-based birth-cohort studies, including registries, providing quantitative information on the association between exposure to traffic-related air pollutants during pregnancy or early life, and the risk of developing wheezing and asthma in childhood. Screening and selection of the articles were completed independently by three reviewers. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results Out of 9681 records retrieved, 26 studies from 21 cohorts were included. The most common traffic-related air pollutant markers were particulate matter (PM) and nitric oxides (NOx). The variability in terms of pollutants, exposure assessment methods, and exposure levels chosen to present the results did not allow a meta-analysis. Exposure to PM and NOx in pregnancy (10 cohorts) was consistently associated with an increased risk of asthma development, while the association with wheezing development was unclear. The second trimester of pregnancy seemed to be particularly critical for asthma risk. As for exposure during early life (15 cohorts), most studies found a positive association between PM (7/10 studies) and NOx (11/13 studies) and the risk of asthma development, while the risk of wheezing development was controversial. The period of postnatal exposure, however, was less precisely defined and a partial overlap between the period of exposure measurement and that of outcome development was present in a consistent number of studies (14 out of 15) raising doubts on the associations found. Conclusions Traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma development among children and adolescents. The relationship between exposure in the first two years of life and the development of wheezing and asthma needs to be confirmed in studies with more precise exposure assessment.

scholarly journals Short-term acute exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function in a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Ali Farshchi Tabrizi ◽  
Dina Fathy ◽  
Samineh Kamravaei ◽  
Noushin Miandashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Royal Canadian Mounted Police ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Peripheral Airways ◽  
Short Term Exposure

ABSTRACTRationaleThe increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data of 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38±9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfire in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5±5.9 and 80.1±19.5 of % predicted. A marginal association was observed between the principal air pollution component and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95%CI: -0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile range change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment [2.80; 0.91 to 4.70] than those screened later [-0.28; -2.58 to 2.03], indicating a more acute effect of air pollution on peripheral airways.ConclusionAcute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

scholarly journals Short-term health effects of particulate air pollution with special reference to the needs of southern European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Katsouyanni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Southern European Countries

Exposure to air pollution, especially from particulate matter, is generally accepted to be one of the most important public health problems in Europe and worldwide. The effects caused in the general population are associated with relatively small relative risks, but if the ubiquity of exposure is considered, the attributable number of events is large. Furthermore, there is evidence that the effects in sensitive population subgroups (such as the elderly, those with chronic diseases and children) are stronger. Within large European Union funded collaborative projects (such as the Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach-APHEA), effect modification by geographical characteristics has been investigated and it was found that in warmer countries, in locations where particles come from traffic and where the proportion of the elderly is greater, particle toxicity is increased. These characteristics are particularly relevant to Southern European locations. From other projects we know that meteorological, climatic, environmental and socioeconomic factors are effect modifiers of the effects of specific air pollutants. In this presentation we will show the evidence on the short-term health effects of particulate and gaseous air pollutants and emphasize particularly results concerning southern Europe and potential effect modifiers. The gaps in knowledge and the need to study air pollution in Southern European countries more extensively will be demonstrated. To conduct useful research, good quality air pollution and health data are needed.

scholarly journals Short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Young Ah Cho ◽  
Hee Jeong Yoo ◽  
Hyunseo Yun ◽  
Hye Sun Gwak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Air pollution is a major issue that poses a health threat worldwide. Although several studies investigated the adverse effects of air pollution on various diseases, few have directly demonstrated the effects on pneumonia. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the associations between short-term exposure of air pollutants and hospital admission or emergency room (ER) visit for pneumonia. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 10, 2020. Pooled estimates were calculated as % increase with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. A sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method and subgroup analysis by region were performed. Results A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis. Every 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 and PM10 resulted in a 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5–1.5) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2–0.6) increase in hospital admission or ER visit for pneumonia, respectively. Every 1 ppm increase of CO and 10 ppb increase of NO2, SO2, and O3 was associated with 4.2% (95% CI: 0.6–7.9), 3.2% (95% CI: 1.3–5.1), 2.4% (95% CI: − 2.0-7.1), and 0.4% (95% CI: 0–0.8) increase in pneumonia-specific hospital admission or ER visit, respectively. Except for CO, the sensitivity analyses yielded similar results, demonstrating the robustness of the results. In a subgroup analysis by region, PM2.5 increased hospital admission or ER visit for pneumonia in East Asia but not in North America. Conclusion By combining the inconsistent findings of several studies, this study revealed the associations between short-term exposure of air pollutants and pneumonia-specific hospital admission or ER visit, especially for PM and NO2. Based on the results, stricter intervention policies regarding air pollution and programs for protecting human respiratory health should be implemented.

scholarly journals Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Huang ◽  
Jingyuan Chen ◽  
Yiping Yang ◽  
Hong Yuan ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term

Background Previous studies have investigated the association of ambient air pollution with blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents, however, the results are not consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the relationship between short‐term and long‐term ambient air pollutant exposure with BP values among children and adolescents. Methods and Results We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase before September 6, 2020. Two reviewers independently searched and selected studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. The studies were divided into groups by composition of air pollutants (NO 2 , particulate matter (PM) with diameter ≤10 μm or ≤2.5 μm) and length of exposure. The beta regression coefficients (β) and their 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the strength of the effect with each 10 μg/m 3 increase in air pollutants. Out of 36 650 articles, 14 articles were included in this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed short‐term exposure to PM with diameter ≤10 μm (β=0.267; 95% CI, 0.033‒0.501) was significantly associated with elevated systolic BP values. In addition, long‐term exposure to PM with diameter ≤2.5 μm (β=1.809; 95% CI, 0.962‒2.655), PM with diameter ≤10 μm (β=0.526; 95% CI, 0.095‒0.958), and NO 2 (β=0.754; 95% CI, 0.541‒0.968) were associated with systolic BP values and long‐term exposure to PM with diameter ≤2.5 μm (β=0.931; 95% CI, 0.157‒1.705), and PM with diameter ≤10 μm (β=0.378; 95% CI, 0.022‒0.735) was associated with diastolic BP. Conclusions Our study indicates that both short‐term and long‐term exposure to some ambient air pollutants may increase BP values among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Ambiente e Salute News n.10 - luglio-agosto 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Giacomo Toffol ◽  
Angela Biolchini ◽  
Luisa Bonsembiante ◽  
Vinceza Briscioli ◽  
Laura Brusadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Health News ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Low Concentrations

Environment and health news This issue of the heading on the environment comes out shortly from the publication of the new WHO Guidelines on Air Quality that have further reiterated the danger of air pollutants even at very low concentrations. This important document was accompanied by an article signed by 40 international associations of doctors, scientists and patients in which serious responses to this problem are asked by politics, which we invite you to read in full. As in the previous issues, the main articles published in the monitored journals are summarized here, many of which are precisely those relating to air pollution. All articles and editorials considered worthy of attention are listed by topic, with a summary comment. This number is based on the systematic review of the July and August 2021 publications.

scholarly journals Illuminating Stakeholder Perspectives at the Intersection of Air Quality Health Risk Communication and Cardiac Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Clare Hano ◽  
Christina L. Baghdikian ◽  
Steven Prince ◽  
Elisa Lazzarino ◽  
Bryan Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quality Health

There is ample evidence of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with exposure to air pollution and cardiac rehabilitation patients are at increased risk for future adverse health events related to air quality. Risk communication and health messaging about recommended behaviors to reduce exposure to air pollution can be integrated into existing care routines and structures. How this can be achieved most appropriately and effectively is not well understood. A focus group design is used to investigate cardiovascular patient and provider experiences, attitudes and beliefs about the risks of air pollution, related health risk messaging and factors that may influence integrating that topic into patient care and communication. Three discussions were hosted, one with cardiac patients, a second with non-physician cardiac rehabilitation providers and a third with physicians who treat cardiac patients. A within-case thematic inductive analysis of each discussion is used to understand the nature of communication, logistics, guidance and overall substance of the cardiac rehabilitation educational experience. Results suggest that air pollution may be an unrecognized risk factor for cardiac patients and cardiac rehabilitation is a prime setting for communicating air pollution health risk messaging. However, to effectively integrate air quality health risk messaging into cardiac rehabilitation, it is critical to account for the existing knowledge-base and behaviors of both providers and patients.

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