Carbohydrate-Rich Diet Is Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Non-Diabetic Subjects

Despite the potential relationship with metabolic derangements, the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and renal function remains unknown. The present study investigated the impact of dietary carbohydrate intake on the development of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large-scale prospective cohort with normal renal function. A total of 6746 and 1058 subjects without and with diabetes mellitus (DM) were analyzed, respectively. Carbohydrate intake was assessed by a 24-h dietary recall food frequency questionnaire. The primary endpoint was CKD development, defined as a composite of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the development of proteinuria. CKD newly developed in 20.1% and 36.0% of subjects during median follow-ups of 140 and 119 months in the non-DM and DM subjects, respectively. Categorization of non-DM subjects into dietary carbohydrate density quartiles revealed a significantly higher risk of CKD development in the third and fourth quartiles than in the first quartile (P = 0.037 for first vs. third; P = 0.001 for first vs. fourth). A significant risk elevation was also found with increased carbohydrate density when carbohydrate density was treated as a continuous variable (P = 0.008). However, there was no significant difference in the incident CKD risk among those with DM according to dietary carbohydrate density quartiles. Carbohydrate-rich diets may increase the risk of CKD development in non-DM subjects.

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Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Hospital Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/0018578719894704 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 001857871989470

Author(s):

Amanda Mertz ◽

Danielle Cooney ◽

Mahboob Rahman ◽

Christopher Lacey ◽

Christopher J. Burant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Medication Possession Ratio ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

The Impact

Purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used medications and are historically well tolerated. Recent studies have linked PPI use to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. This study investigated the impact of discontinuing PPIs on renal function in patients with CKD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with established CKD, defined as 2 eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) measurements of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at least 90 days apart, who were on a PPI from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014, with a medication possession ratio greater than or equal to 70%. We compared baseline eGFR to a final eGFR after at least 6 months of discontinuation or continuation of a PPI. After power analysis, we targeted an enrollment of 200 patients (100 in each group) to achieve a power of 0.80 and an alpha of 0.05. Summary: A total of 100 patients in the PPI discontinuation group and 97 patients in the PPI continuation group met the study inclusion criteria. Baseline eGFR in the PPI continuation group was 47.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 50.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the discontinuation group. Final eGFR in the PPI continuation group was significantly higher than baseline at 51.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (+3.25 ± 12.8, P = .01). Final eGFR in the PPI discontinuation group was 51.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (+1.09 ± 12.8, P = .3). The average time between baseline and final eGFRs was 270 days in the PPI continuation group and 301 days in the discontinuation group. There was no statistically significant difference in the change in eGFRs between groups (95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.48-2.03, P = .37). Conclusions: Proton pump inhibitor discontinuation after prolonged continuous use in patients with CKD was not associated with a significant change in renal function after 1 year.

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P0949EFFECT OF DIETARY PHOSPHORUS RESTRICTION ON FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR,KLOTHO AND BODY COMPOSITION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Trisha Sachan ◽

Anita Saxena ◽

Amit Gupta

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Body Composition ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Urinary Protein ◽

Dietary Phosphorus ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Fgf 23

Abstract Background and Aims Changes in dietary phosphorus regulate serum FGF-23, parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)(2)D and Klotho concentrations . Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal killer of patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperphosphetemia is a potent risk factor it. Of many causative factors for CVD in CKD, dietary interventions involving restriction of dietary phosphorous intake can help reduce onset of CVD at early stages of CKD with other corrective measures. Muscle wasting is a consequence of uremic syndrome which alters body composition. The aim of the study was to study effect of dietary phosphorous restriction on FGF-23, iPTH, Klotho, 1,25(OH)(2)D and body composition in chronic kidney disease patients. Method This is a longitudinal study with 12 months intervention, approved by Ethics Committee of the institute. A total 132 subjects were recruited (66 healthy controls, 66 CKD patient. of 66 patients 33 were in CKD stage 1 and 33 in stage 2. GFR was calculated with the help of MDRD formula. Biochemical parameters of subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months along with the anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and skin folds). Three days dietary recall was taken to evaluate energy, protein and phosphorous intake. CKD patients whose dietary phosphorous intake was more than 1000 mg/day, were given intense dietary counseling and prescribed dietary modifications by restricting dietary phosphorous between 800-1000 mg/day. Results The mean age of controls and patients was 37.01±9.62 and 38.27±12.06 and eGFR of 136.94±11.77 and 83.69±17.37 respectively. One way ANOVA showed significant difference among controls and the study groups in hemoglobin (p<0.001), s albumin (p<0.001), FGF-23 (p<0.001), klotho (p<0.001), urinary protein (p<0.001) and Nephron Index (p<0.001).The mean energy intake (p = 0.001) and dietary phosphorous intake (p<0.001) of the CKD patients decreased significantly with the decline in the renal function along with the anthropometric measures i.e. BMI (p = 0.041),WHR (p = 0.015) and all four skin folds (p<0.001). On applying Pearson’s correlation, eGFR correlated negatively with urinary protein (-0.739, 0.000), FGF-23 (-0.679, 0.000) and serum phosphorous (-0.697, 0.000) and positively with klotho (0.872, 0.000). FGF-23 correlated negatively with klotho (-0.742, 0.000). Dietary phosphorous was found to be positively correlated with urinary protein (0.496, 0.000), serum phosphorous (0.680, 0.000) and FGF-23 (0.573, 0.000) and negatively with Klotho (-0.602, 0.000). Nephron index revealed a positive correlation with eGFR (0.529, 0.000). Urinary protein correlated negatively with klotho (-0.810, 0.000). A multiple linear regression was run to predict eGFR from anthropometric variables such as BMI, WHR, MUAC, skin folds thickness and handgrip strength. All anthropometric variables predicted decline in eGFR (p<0.05, R2 =0.223). At 6 and 12 months; repeated ANOVAs analysis showed a statistically significant difference in serum creatinine (p=0.000), serum phosphorous (p=0.000), FGF-23(p=0.000) and klotho (p=0.000). Conclusion Elevated levels of FGF-23 and decreased Klotho levels, with the moderate decline in renal function improved with the restricted phosphorous diet at 6 and 12 months emphasizing the importance of phosphorus restriction at an early stage.

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Abstract 145: Rates of Transfusion and Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Transradial Versus Transfemoral Cardiac Catheterization - An Analysis from the VA CART Program

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.7.suppl_1.145 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Amit N Vora ◽

Maggie A Stanislawski ◽

John S Rumsfeld ◽

Thomas M Maddox ◽

Mladen Vidovich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Cardiac Catheterization ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Post Procedure ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Independent Association ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of bleeding and transfusion after cardiac catheterization. Whether rates of these complications or progression to new dialysis are increased in this high-risk population undergoing transradial (TR) access compared to transfemoral (TF) access is unknown. Methods: From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) Program between 10/2007-09/2012 we identified 40,160 CKD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤ 60 ml/min. We used multivariable Cox modeling to determine the independent association between TR access and post-procedure transfusion as well as progression to new dialysis using TF as the reference. Results: Overall, 3,828 (9.5%) of CKD patients underwent TR access and tended to be slightly younger but overall had similar rates of CKD severity compared with TF patients (GFR 45-60 ml/min: 77.0% vs. 77.0%; GFR 30-44 ml/min: 19.7% vs. 19.3%; GFR 15-29 ml/min: 3.3% vs. 3.7%, p=0.35). TR patients had longer fluoroscopy times (8.1 vs 6.9 minutes, p=<0.0001) but decreased contrast use (90.0 vs 100.0 ml, p=<0.0001). Among the 31,692 patients with a full year of follow-up, 42 (1.7%) of TR patients and 545 (1.9%) of TF patients progressed to new dialysis within 1 year (p=0.64). However, only 33 (0.9%) of TR patients compared with 570 TF patients (1.6%) needed post-procedure blood transfusion (p=0.0006). After multivariable adjustment, there was no significant difference in progression to ESRD between TR and TF patients but TR was associated with a significant decrease in transfusion (Figure). Conclusion: Among CKD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in the VA health system, TR access is associated with a decreased risk for post-procedure transfusion compared with TF access. There was no significant difference between the two approaches with respect to progression to ESRD. These data suggest that TR is a reasonable option for patients with any level of CKD undergoing cardiac catheterization.

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Abstract 321: Impact Of Chronic Kidney Disease On Heart Failure Outcomes In A Minority Cohort

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.7.suppl_1.321 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

TAOPHEEQ MUSTAPHA ◽

VARIJA BHOGIREDDY ◽

HARTMAN MADU ◽

ADU BOACHIE ◽

ABDUL OSENI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

African American ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major public health problems that often co-exist with a resultant high mortality and morbidity. Most of the studies evaluating their reciprocal prognostic impact have focused on mortality in majority populations. There is limited literature on the impact of CKD on HF morbidities in ethnic minorities. AIMS: Our study seeks to compare HF outcomes in patients with or without CKD in an African-American predominant cohort. METHODS: We obtained data from the NGH at Meharry Heart Failure Cohort; a comprehensive retrospective HF database comprised of patient care data (HF admissions, non-HF admissions, and emergency room visits) were assessed from January 2006 to December 2008. The study group consist of 306 subjects with a mean age of 65±15 years. 81% were African-American (AA), 19% Caucasian and 48.5% are females. Following the NKF KDOQI guidelines, 5 stages of CKD were outlined based on GFR. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD in this population is 54.2%. CKD stage 1 was most prevalent with 45.8%, prevalence for stages 2-5 are 21.6%, 18.3%, 9.5% and 4.9% respectively. The comparison of the mean of ER visits, non HF hospitalizations and HF hospitalizations between normal and CKD patients was done using independent t-test and showed no significant difference in the mean number of ER visits (p=0.564), or HF hospitalizations(p=0.235). However, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean number of non -HF hospitalizations between normal and CKD patients (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the prevalence of CKD in this minority -predominant HF cohort is similar to prior studies in majority populations. However, only the non-HF hospitalizations were significantly increased in the CKD group. Future prospective studies will be needed to define the implications of this in the management of HF patients with CKD.

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Types of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and risk of end-stage kidney disease and death in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa088 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Minutolo ◽

Carlo Garofalo ◽

Paolo Chiodini ◽

Filippo Aucella ◽

Lucia Del Vecchio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Primary Endpoint ◽

End Stage Kidney Disease ◽

Short Acting ◽

Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Acting ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background Despite the widespread use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to treat anaemia, the risk of adverse outcomes associated with the use of different types of ESAs in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly investigated. Methods From a pooled cohort of four observational studies, we selected CKD patients receiving short-acting (epoetin α/β; n = 299) or long-acting ESAs (darbepoetin and methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin β; n = 403). The primary composite endpoint was end-stage kidney disease (ESKD; dialysis or transplantation) or all-cause death. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the relative risk of the primary endpoint between short- and long-acting ESA users. Results During follow-up [median 3.6 years (interquartile range 2.1–6.3)], the primary endpoint was registered in 401 patients [166 (72%) in the short-acting ESA group and 235 (58%) in the long-acting ESA group]. In the highest tertile of short-acting ESA dose, the adjusted risk of primary endpoint was 2-fold higher {hazard ratio [HR] 2.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–3.12]} than in the lowest tertile, whereas it did not change across tertiles of dose for long-acting ESA patients. Furthermore, the comparison of ESA type in each tertile of ESA dose disclosed a significant difference only in the highest tertile, where the risk of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in patients receiving short-acting ESAs [HR 1.56 (95% CI 1.09–2.24); P = 0.016]. Results were confirmed when ESA dose was analysed as continuous variable with a significant difference in the primary endpoint between short- and long-acting ESAs for doses >105 IU/kg/week. Conclusions Among non-dialysis CKD patients, the use of a short-acting ESA may be associated with an increased risk of ESKD or death versus long-acting ESAs when higher ESA doses are prescribed.

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Association of Hantavirus Infections and Leptospirosis With the Occurrence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: A Prospective Study With Patients and Healthy Persons

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.556737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

N. P. Sunil-Chandra ◽

J. A. A. S. Jayaweera ◽

W. Kumbukgolla ◽

M. V. M. L. Jayasundara

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Study Groups ◽

Hantavirus Infection ◽

Strain Specificity ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uncertain Etiology

Chronic Kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) has become a significant disease burden, affecting farming community of Sri Lanka and the exact etiology, which could be multifactorial, is not hitherto established. This study is aimed to determine the association of past hantavirus infection and leptospirosis with the occurrence of CKDu. A cohort (n = 179) of known CKDu patients living in high-CKDu prevalent areas of Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka was compared with a group of 49 healthy, sex-matched younger blood relatives of CKDu patients (control-1) and another 48 healthy, age, and sex-matched individuals living in low-CKDu prevalent area (control-2) of the same district where same life style and climate conditions prevail. Fifty out of 179 (27.9%) CKDu patients, 16/49 (32.7%) of control-1 and 7/48 (14.6%) of control-2 were found positive for IgG antibodies to Puumala, Hantaan or both strains of hantaviruses. Hantaan strain specificity was found to be predominant in all study groups. Hantavirus IgG sero-prevalence of healthy individuals living in low-CKDu prevalent area was significantly lower compared to CKDu patients and healthy younger blood relatives living in high-CKDu prevalent areas (p = 0.03). Past hantavirus infection possesses a significant risk for the occurrence of CKDu (OR = 4.5; 95% CI-3.1-5.4, p = 0.02). In contrast, IgG seroprevalence to hantaviruses was not significantly different in CKDu patients and healthy younger blood relatives living in high-CKDu prevalent areas indicating past hantavirus infection has no association with the occurrence of CKDu or possibly, younger relatives may develop CKDu in subsequent years. Seroprevalence to leptospirosis showed no significant difference between CKDu patients and healthy controls.

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Risk of Stroke, Bleeding, and Death in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000504877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 178-186

Author(s):

Yoav Arnson ◽

Moshe Hoshen ◽

Adi Berliner-Sendrey ◽

Orna Reges ◽

Ran Balicer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Impaired Renal Function ◽

Bleeding Risk ◽

Intracranial Bleeding ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

Stroke Death

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both associated with increased risk of stroke, and CKD carries a higher bleeding risk. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment is used to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF); however, the risk versus benefit of OAC for advanced CKD is continuously debated. We aim to assess the management and outcomes of NVAF patients with impaired renal function within a population-based cohort. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using ICD-9 healthcare coding. Patients with incident NVAF between 2004 and 2015 were identified stratified by CKD stage. We compared treatment strategies and estimated risks of stroke, death, or any major bleeding based on CKD stages and OAC treatment. Results: We identified 85,116 patients with incident NVAF. Patients with impaired renal function were older and had more comorbidities. OAC was most common among stage 2 CKD patients (49%) and least in stages 4–5 CKD patients (27.6%). Higher CKD stages were associated with worse outcomes. Stroke rates increased from 1.04 events per 100 person-years (PY) in stage 1 CKD to 3.72 in stages 4–5 CKD. Mortality increased from 3.42 to 32.95 events/100 PY, and bleeding rates increased from 0.89 to 4.91 events/100 PY. OAC was associated with reduced stroke and intracranial bleeding risk regardless of CKD stage, and with a reduced mortality risk in stages 1–3 CKD. Conclusion: Among NVAF patients, advanced renal failure is associated with higher risk of stroke, death, and bleeding. OAC was associated with reduced stroke and intracranial bleeding risk, and with improved survival in stages 1–3 CKD.

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Low lung function and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease in the Malmö Preventive Project cohort

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-020-01758-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suneela Zaigham ◽

Anders Christensson ◽

Per Wollmer ◽

Gunnar Engström

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Lung Function ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Main Diagnosis ◽

Men And Women ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Future Risk

Abstract Background Although the prevalence of kidney disease is higher in those with reduced lung function, the longitudinal relationship between low lung function and future risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been widely explored. Methods Baseline lung function was assessed in 20,700 men and 7325 women from 1974 to 1992. Mean age was 43.4 (±6.6) and 47.5 (±7.9) for men and women respectively. Sex-specific quartiles of FEV1 and FVC (L) were created (Q4: highest, reference) and the cohort was also divided by the FEV1/FVC ratio (≥ or < 0.70). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the risk of incident CKD events (inpatient or outpatient hospital diagnosis of CKD) in relation to baseline lung function after adjustment for various confounding factors. Results Over 41 years of follow-up there were 710 and 165 incident CKD events (main diagnosis) in men and women respectively. Low FEV1 was strongly associated with future risk of CKD in men (Q1 vs Q4 adjusted HR: 1.46 (CI:1.14–1.89), p-trend 0.002). Similar findings were observed for FVC in men (1.51 (CI:1.16–1.95), p-trend 0.001). The adjusted risks were not found to be significant in women, for either FEV1 or FVC. FEV1/FVC < 0.70 was not associated with increased incidence of CKD in men or women. Conclusion Low FEV1 and FVC levels at baseline are a risk factor for the development of future incident CKD in men. Monitoring kidney function in those with reduced vital capacity in early life could help with identifying those at increased risk of future CKD.

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P2641Renal and cardiovascular benefits of treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0962 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Burnier ◽

L R Ruilope ◽

G B Bader ◽

S D Durg ◽

P B Brunel

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Blood pressure (BP) control is critical in delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which otherwise results in an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are recommended by several guidelines as first-line treatment for patients with hypertension and CKD. Purpose We reviewed and analysed the effect of ARB treatment on BP and renal outcomes (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CrCl) or proteinuria) in patients with hypertension and CKD with or without diabetes, including large clinical trials such as RENAAL and IDNT. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS databases were searched for literature from the earliest available date to July 2017. Randomised (parallel-group) controlled trials of ≥8 weeks assessed the impact of ARBs on systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP), eGFR, SCr, CrCl or proteinuria were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis (post- versus pre-treatment) and meta-regression were conducted in R-statistical software (v3.4.1) using meta- and metafor-packages. Mean difference (MD, generic inverse variance) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to pool data for an outcome in a single forest plot. The risk of bias (quality) of included studies was assessed by the six items of the Cochrane instrument. Results Of the 165 articles assessed for eligibility, 24 studies were included in the analysis (19 evaluated ARBs as monotherapy, 4 evaluated ARBs in combination with other antihypertensives and 1 evaluated ARBs both as mono- and combination therapy). Treatment with ARBs as monotherapy for ≥8 weeks to <1 year significantly reduced mean office SBP (MD, −12.60 mmHg; 95% CI, −18.53 to −6.67)/DBP (−6.52 mmHg; −11.27 to −1.77) (p<0.01). BP reduction was also significant (p<0.01) with ARB monotherapy for ≥1 year SBP (−14.84 mmHg; −17.82 to −11.85)/DBP (−10.27 mmHg; −12.26 to −8.27). ARBs also significantly reduced SBP/DBP when combined with other antihypertensive treatments for ≥8 weeks to <1 year as well as for ≥1 year (Figure). Moreover, ARBs induced significant reductions (p<0.01) in proteinuria (≥8 weeks to <1 year [MD, −0.6 g/L; 95% CI, −0.93 to −0.26; ≥1 year [−0.9 g/L; −1.22 to −0.59]), but no significant changes in eGFR, CrCl or SCr levels. The beneficial effect of ARBs was maintained overtime with no significant additional impact on SBP change (estimate: 0.025; 95% CI, –0.14 to 0.19) or eGFR (estimate: 0.068; 95% CI, −0.14 to 0.28; p=0.53). The overall risk of bias was judged to be low. Effect of ARBs on blood pressure changes Conclusion Treatment with ARBs effectively and sustainably lowered BP and proteinuria with no significant change in eGFR in patients with hypertension and CKD with or without diabetes.

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High particulate matter 2.5 levels and ambient temperature are associated with acute lung edema in patients with nondialysis Stage 5 chronic kidney disease

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfy144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1354-1360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ping-Fang Chiu ◽

Chin-Hua Chang ◽

Chia-Lin Wu ◽

Teng-Hsiang Chang ◽

Chun-Chieh Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Lung Edema ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Ckd Stage ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that exposure to air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), was associated with various diseases. We tried to determine the impact of PM2.5 and other weather factors on acute lung edema in patients with Stage 5 nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD Stage 5-ND). Methods In total, 317 CKD Stage 5-ND (estimated glomerular filtration rate 6.79 ± 4.56 mL/min) patients residing in central Taiwan who developed acute lung edema and initiated long-term dialysis were included in this case-crossover study. Pearson’s correlation test was used to examine the relationship of acute lung edema cases with PM2.5 levels and ambient temperature separately. Results The average PM2.5 level within the 7-day period correlated with acute lung edema incidence in the fall [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.23, P = 0.047] and winter (adjusted OR 1.99, P < 0.001). In winter, even a 3-day exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk (adjusted OR 1.55, P < 0.001). The average temperatures within 3 days in spring and summer were correlated positively with the risk (adjusted OR 2.77 P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.72, P < 0.001, respectively). In the fall and winter, temperatures were correlated negatively with the risk (adjusted OR 0.36, P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 0.54, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions A high PM2.5 level was associated with an increased risk of acute lung edema. High ambient temperature in hot seasons and low ambient temperature in cold seasons were also associated with increased risk. It is essential to educate these patients to avoid areas with severe air pollution and extreme ambient temperature.

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