When a Differential Diagnosis Is Fundamental: Choriocarcinoma Mimicking Lung Carcinoma

Background: Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant disease that is usually associated with a gestational event. Lung metastasis with no evident primary origin and choriocarcinoma, which mimics features of non-small-cell lung cancer, might be misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma or large-cell carcinoma. This is a pivotal clinical concern since the tumor can lead to various symptoms, seriously affecting the quality of life and can escalate rapidly, with a high mortality rate, compared to lung cancer. Methods: We reported a case of a 37-year-old woman with a history of one-year enhancement of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and only a single nodule in the right upper lobe, with no abnormal findings on the gynecological investigation. Then we retrospectively examined all cases treated in the Division of Thoracic Surgery at the European Institute of Oncology in the last twenty years (from 1998 to 2018). Results: This was the first time in our experience that choriocarcinoma presentation was with a single nodule without a gynecological finding. Moreover, the differential diagnosis between lung carcinoma and choriocarcinoma was achieved only after surgical removal. Conclusions: As confirmed by our literature search, precise and expedited differential diagnosis is essential in choriocarcinoma care (both with single or multiple metastases), to successfully remove the tumor and increase the patient’s chances of survival.

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New lung cancer treatment strategy with molecular target of PKCeta

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2019.8.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (8) ◽

pp. 56-58

Author(s):

Motoi Ohba

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Small Cell ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Nucleotide Mutation

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of the disease accounting for almost 20 per cent of all deaths from cancer. It is therefore the leading cause of cancer death in men and second most fatal in women. There are between 1.5 and 2 million new cases of cancer globally every year. A similar number die from the disease annually. There are two forms of lung cancer – small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). SCLC is the more aggressive form being faster growing and more metastatic, however it also responds more effectively to treatments such as chemotherapy. NSCLC is the more common form of the disease, accounting for 85 per cent of cases. They develop more slowly than SCLCs, however they are largely unresponsive to chemotherapy and require precise surgical removal. Both present a huge medical problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Due to its far higher prevalence, NSCLC is the most studied of the two forms. A chemotherapeutic treatment has been developed that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is majorly upregulated in most cases and plays a key role in the tumour's growth and survival. The treatment blocks the receptor and is usually very effective in the first instances. However, it is typically unable to clear the cancer as a single nucleotide mutation is capable of rendering the inhibitor unable to act on the receptor. Therefore, the cancer returns and continues to develop. New treatments are also required. This is the work of Dr Motoi Ohba of the Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Japan. His work is aimed at both uncovering novel targets for cancer treatment and finding and developing molecules that could effectively manipulate these targets.

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Intracardiac Metastasis from a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. e41-e43

Author(s):

Christopher Gaisendrees ◽

Kaveh Eghbalzadeh ◽

Navid Mader ◽

Thorsten C. W. Wahlers

Keyword(s):

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Close Contact ◽

Large Cell ◽

Cardiac Metastasis ◽

Cardiac Tumors ◽

Cardiac Metastases ◽

The Right ◽

Cava Vein ◽

Inferior Cava Vein

AbstractPrimary malignant tumors of the heart are rare; the biggest group is sarcomas. Cardiac metastases make up the biggest group of secondary cardiac tumors. We present a rare case of cardiac metastasis (3.1 × 3.2 × 2.8 cm) localized in the right atrium, originating from a large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, with close contact to the tricuspid valve and inferior cava vein.

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Differential development of large-cell neuroendocrine or small-cell lung carcinoma upon inactivation of 4 tumor suppressor genes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1821745116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (44) ◽

pp. 22300-22306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara Lázaro ◽

Miriam Pérez-Crespo ◽

Corina Lorz ◽

Alejandra Bernardini ◽

Marta Oteo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Large Cell ◽

Small Cell ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Cancer Type ◽

High Grade ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma

High-grade neuroendocrine lung malignancies (large-cell neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, LCNEC, and small-cell lung carcinoma, SCLC) are among the most deadly lung cancer conditions with no optimal clinical management. The biological relationships between SCLC and LCNEC are still largely unknown and a current matter of debate as growing molecular data reveal high heterogeneity with potential therapeutic consequences. Here we describe murine models of high-grade neuroendocrine lung carcinomas generated by the loss of 4 tumor suppressors. In an Rbl1-null background, deletion of Rb1, Pten, and Trp53 floxed alleles after Ad-CMVcre infection in a wide variety of lung epithelial cells produces LCNEC. Meanwhile, inactivation of these genes using Ad-K5cre in basal cells leads to the development of SCLC, thus differentially influencing the lung cancer type developed. So far, a defined model of LCNEC has not been reported. Molecular and transcriptomic analyses of both models revealed strong similarities to their human counterparts. In addition, a 68Ga-DOTATOC–based molecular-imaging method provides a tool for detection and monitoring the progression of the cancer. These data offer insight into the biology of SCLC and LCNEC, providing a useful framework for development of compounds and preclinical investigations in accurate immunocompetent models.

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Cervical myelopathy caused by invagination of anomalous lamina of the axis

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2013.8.spine13325 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 694-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hironobu Sakaura ◽

Yukihiko Yasui ◽

Toshitada Miwa ◽

Tomoya Yamashita ◽

Kenji Ohzono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Myelopathy ◽

Spinous Process ◽

Ossification Center ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Sensory Disturbance ◽

Satisfactory Outcome ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

The Right ◽

Underlying Pathogenesis

The authors report a case of cervical myelopathy caused by invagination of the bilaterally separated lamina of the axis. They also present a literature review. The patient was a previously healthy 68-year-old man with a 1-year history of slowly progressive gait disturbance, right-hand clumsiness, and right dominant sensory disturbance in his trunk and extremities. Both MRI and CT showed that the spinal cord was markedly compressed at the C2–3 level, on the right side, by a deeply invaginated anomalous lamina of the axis. A bilaterally separated lamina was also visible. The patient underwent removal of the anomalous invaginated fragment of the separated lamina and the spinous process of the axis. One year after surgery, his myelopathic symptoms had almost completely resolved. Here, the authors present the case of a patient with an extremely rare anomaly of the lamina of the axis. The underlying pathogenesis of this anomaly could be the failure of the 2 chondrification centers on either side to fuse into a single ossification center. Surgical removal of the anomalous invaginated lamina produced a satisfactory outcome.

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Comparison of Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Diffuse Weighted Imaging and Sagittal Imaging with Short Inversion Recovery Sequence

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2021.3356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 822-826

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Qingyu Cai ◽

Guoli Wei

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Recovery Sequence ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The differential diagnosis of advanced lung cancer is difficult in clinical practice. Our study aims to compare the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with short-term inversion recovery sequence (STIR) for sagittal imaging in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. 149 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were enrolled and underwent DWI and STIR sagittal imaging. To quantify cancer types, we evaluated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value on DWI and the contrast ratio (CRs) on sagittal imaging. The ADC values of subclasses in NSCLC were significantly higher than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (p <0.01). The mean CRs were 1.59 for SCLC and 1.30 for NSCLC with a significant difference (p < 0.01). Large cell carcinomas (LCC) and adenocarcinomas have significant differences compared to small cell carcinomas (SCC) without difference between squamous cell carcinomas (p > 0.05); this is also the case for CRs. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma have significant differences compared to SCC without difference in LCC (p > 0.05). Qualitative evaluation of the feasible thresholds DWI and STIR showed that the thresholds were 0.9810−3 mm2/s and 1.37 respectively. The specificity and accuracy was 78.5% is 85.3% for DWI, which was significantly higher than STIR (56.3% and 61.0%). The combination of DWI and STIR sequences was superior to DWI alone with an accuracy rate of 94.3%. DWI is more helpful than STIR in differentiating SCLC and NSCLC, and their combined use can significantly improve diagnosis accuracy.

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A Case of Synchronous Triple Primary Lung Cancers Composed of Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Large Cell Carcinoma in the Right Lung.

Haigan ◽

10.2482/haigan.36.147 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuichiro Takeda ◽

Masahiro Seike ◽

Shigeto Kawachi ◽

Tatsurou Watanabe ◽

Shouji Kudoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Large Cell Carcinoma ◽

Large Cell ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

The Right

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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Classification from Histopathological Images using Feature Fusion and Deep CNN

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.e9266.069520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1013-1018

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Feature Fusion ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Large Cell Carcinoma ◽

Large Cell ◽

Reduction Techniques ◽

Histopathological Image ◽

Histopathological Images ◽

Lung Cancer Detection

Lung cancer is the overgrowth of cells in digestive organs. Identifying different types of lung cancer (squamous cell cancer, large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) from lung histopathological images is outrageous works that shorten the chance of infected with lung cancer in the future. This research propounds an accurate diagnosis scheme using various neural network features and fusion of contourlet transform from lung histopathological image. This lesson has used several pre-train models (Alexnet, ResNet50, and VGG-16) in addition to divers scratch models while the pre-train Resnet50 model works better. The two reduction techniques (Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR)) have used to classify the type of lung cancer with the extraction of the most significant properties. In Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based lung cancer detection, the reduction approach PCA performs better. This proposed methodology is performed on ordinary datasets and establishes comparative better performance. The accuracy of this paper is 98.5%, sensitivity 96.50, specificity 97.00%, which is more effective than other approaches.

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Lectin Histochemical Detection of N-Acetyl Glucosamine and L-Fucose Containing glycoconjugates in Lung Carcinoma

Gene Cell and Tissue ◽

10.5812/gct.109725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Abbas Ali Niazi ◽

Mohammad Hossein Heidari ◽

Yousef Arab ◽

Maryam Arab ◽

Mohammad Reza Arab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Large Cell ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Bronchial Tree ◽

Lung Cancer Cells ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Lung cancer has the highest frequency among cancers worldwide. It is the leading cause of cancer-induced death in industrialized countries. Abnormal glycosylation of cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates are among the most critical issues in neoplasia. Objectives: This present study aimed to detect N – acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac) and L- fucose (L-fuc) containing glycoconjugates in lung cancer. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected paraffin blocks belonging to 25 patients with lung cancer from their pathology files at the Ali-Ebne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Six µm sections were obtained from the blocks and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) and lectin histochemistry (UEA and SBA lectins). Alcian Blue pH 2.5 was used as a counterstain; lectins were diluted up to 10µg/ml, and DAB was used as a chromogen. Histochemical grading was conducted blindly according to staining intensity to lectins (0-3). The data was collected and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, using SPSS. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between inflammatory mucosa of the bronchial tree and all types of lung cancer (i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small and large cell lung carcinoma) according to staining intensity to SBA and UEA lectins (P < 0.001). Our results showed that there were many different patterns of reaction to SBA and UEA lectins between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial cells of the bronchial tree. Conclusions: Staining intensity and pattern of reaction to lectins were different between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial mucosa.

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First Autochthonous Infection of a Cat with Dirofilaria immitis in Austria

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lisa-Maria Kulmer ◽

Maria Sophia Unterköfler ◽

Hans-Peter Fuehrer ◽

Varvara Janovska ◽

Matus Pagac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Negative Results ◽

Heartworm Disease ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

The Right

This case report is about a seven-year-old male neutered European Shorthair cat infected by Dirofilaria immitis as the first reported autochthonous Dirofilaria immitis infection in Austria. There was no history of periods abroad. Echocardiography showed suspected D. immitis in the right cardiac chamber with increased pulmonary pressure and ascites. Surgical removal of the heartworms was performed. Twenty adult heartworms were removed by transvenous jugular approach under general anesthesia and stored in 4% formalin. Five out of 20 specimens were examined via light and stereomicroscopy and feline heartworm infection was confirmed. Amplification of a 203 bp or 724 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was unsuccessful. After surgery the cat developed acute renal failure but recovered quickly. One year later, the cat underwent a control examination including echocardiography and blood work. There were no more D. immitis detectable at echocardiography. Lung pressure was mildly increased. Complete blood count and creatinine were unremarkable. The Knott’s test and Dirofilaria-Antigen-test produced negative results. The cat did not show any clinical signs during the follow-up period. The aim of this case report is to highlight the growing risk of acquiring infection with D. immitis not only for Austrian dogs, but also for cats. This case report represents the first report of autochthonous D. immitis infection in Austria. Moreover, even if the prognosis in cats with caval syndrome due to feline heartworm disease is guarded to poor, surgical removal of the filariae can be a successful treatment option.

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