scholarly journals Electron Beam-Treated Enzymatically Mineralized Gelatin Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Stefanie Riedel ◽  
Daniel Ward ◽  
Radmila Kudláčková ◽  
Karolina Mazur ◽  
Lucie Bačáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Beam Treatment ◽  
Electron Dose

Biological hydrogels are highly promising materials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to their high biocompatibility and biomimetic characteristics. However, for advanced and customized BTE, precise tools for material stabilization and tuning material properties are desired while optimal mineralisation must be ensured. Therefore, reagent-free crosslinking techniques such as high energy electron beam treatment promise effective material modifications without formation of cytotoxic by-products. In the case of the hydrogel gelatin, electron beam crosslinking further induces thermal stability enabling biomedical application at physiological temperatures. In the case of enzymatic mineralisation, induced by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and mediated by Calcium Glycerophosphate (CaGP), it is necessary to investigate if electron beam treatment before mineralisation has an influence on the enzymatic activity and thus affects the mineralisation process. The presented study investigates electron beam-treated gelatin hydrogels with previously incorporated ALP and successive mineralisation via incubation in a medium containing CaGP. It could be shown that electron beam treatment optimally maintains enzymatic activity of ALP which allows mineralisation. Furthermore, the precise tuning of material properties such as increasing compressive modulus is possible. This study characterizes the mineralised hydrogels in terms of mineral formation and demonstrates the formation of CaP in dependence of ALP concentration and electron dose. Furthermore, investigations of uniaxial compression stability indicate increased compression moduli for mineralised electron beam-treated gelatin hydrogels. In summary, electron beam-treated mineralized gelatin hydrogels reveal good cytocompatibility for MG-63 osteoblast like cells indicating a high potential for BTE applications.

scholarly journals Review on Nanocrystalline Cellulose in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2818
Author(s):  
Nur Ilyana Sahira Murizan ◽  
Nur Syahirah Mustafa ◽  
Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman ◽  
Noordin Mohd Yusof ◽  
Ani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Low Toxicity

Nanocrystalline cellulose is an abundant and inexhaustible organic material on Earth. It can be derived from many lignocellulosic plants and also from agricultural residues. They endowed exceptional physicochemical properties, which have promoted their intensive exploration in biomedical application, especially for tissue engineering scaffolds. Nanocrystalline cellulose has been acknowledged due to its low toxicity and low ecotoxicological risks towards living cells. To explore this field, this review provides an overview of nanocrystalline cellulose in designing materials of bone scaffolds. An introduction to nanocrystalline cellulose and its isolation method of acid hydrolysis are discussed following by the application of nanocrystalline cellulose in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. This review also provides comprehensive knowledge and highlights the contribution of nanocrystalline cellulose in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Lastly, the challenges for future scaffold development using nanocrystalline cellulose are also included.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Biocompatible Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Masud Rana Md. ◽  
Naznin Akhtar ◽  
Zahid Hasan Md. ◽  
Asaduzzaman S M
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Co Precipitation

Bone tissue engineering with cells and synthetic extracellular matrix represents a new approach for the regeneration of mineralized tissue compared with the transplantation of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and its composite with biopolymer are extensively developed and applied in bone tissue regeneration. The main aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize of HA apatite based biocompatible scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds with different ratio of polymers (chitosan & alginate), and fixed amount of synthetic HA were prepared using in situ co precipitation method and mineral to polymer ratio was 1:1 to 1: 2 . A cross linker agent, 2-Hydroxylmethacrylate (HEMA) was added at different percentage (0.5-2%) into the selected composition and irradiated at 5- 25 kGy to optimize the proper mixing of components at the presence of HEMA. Fabricated scaffolds were analyzed to determine porosity, density, biodegradability, morphology and structural properties. Porosity and density of the prepared scaffold were 75 to 92% and 0.21 to 0.42 g/cm3 respectively. However, the swelling ratio of the fabricated scaffolds was ranged from 133 to 197%. Nonetheless, there had a reasonable in-vitro degradation of prepared scaffolds. Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed intermolecular interaction between components in the scaffold. Pore size of scaffold was measured by scanning electron microscope and the value was 162-510 μm. It could be proposed that this scaffold fulfills all the main requirements to be considered as a bone substitute for biomedical application in near future.

New generation poly(ε-caprolactone)/gel-derived bioactive glass composites for bone tissue engineering: Part I. Material properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Dziadek ◽  
Elzbieta Menaszek ◽  
Barbara Zagrajczuk ◽  
Justyna Pawlik ◽  
Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
New Generation

scholarly journals Tunable Pseudo-Piezoelectric Effect in Doped Calcium Titanate for Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Abdullah Riaz ◽  
Kerstin Witte ◽  
Wiktor Bodnar ◽  
Hermann Seitz ◽  
Norbert Schell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Iron Doped

CaTiO3 is a promising candidate as a pseudo-piezoelectric scaffold material for bone implantation. In this study, pure and magnesium/iron doped CaTiO3 are synthesized by sol-gel method and spark plasma sintering. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping confirm the homogenous distribution of doping elements in sintered samples. High-energy X-ray diffraction investigations reveal that doping of nanostructured CaTiO3 increased the strain and defects in the structure of CaTiO3 compared to the pure one. This led to a stronger pseudo-piezoelectric effect in the doped samples. The charge produced in magnesium doped CaTiO3 due to the direct piezoelectric effect is (2.9 ± 0.1) pC which was larger than the one produced in pure CaTiO3 (2.1 ± 0.3) pC, whereas the maximum charge was generated by iron doped CaTiO3 with (3.6 ± 0.2) pC. Therefore, the pseudo-piezoelectric behavior can be tuned by doping. This tuning of pseudo-piezoelectric response provides the possibility to systematically study the bone response using different piezoelectric strengths and possibly adjust for bone tissue engineering.

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffold incorporating simvastatin: a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Beatriz Sordi ◽  
Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz ◽  
Águedo Aragones ◽  
Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽  
Ricardo de Souza Magini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Porosity Analysis ◽  
Biphasic Ceramic

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite / β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m:m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric-shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in PBS at 37 °C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Non-degraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro, meso, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented very similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.

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