scholarly journals Factors that Influence PRNU-Based Camera-Identification via Videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Lars de Roos ◽  
Zeno Geradts
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Comparison Methods ◽  
Camera Identification ◽  
Uniformity Pattern ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Photo Response ◽  
The Individual

The Photo Response Non-Uniformity pattern (PRNU-pattern) can be used to identify the source of images or to indicate whether images have been made with the same camera. This pattern is also recognized as the “fingerprint” of a camera since it is a highly characteristic feature. However, this pattern, identically to a real fingerprint, is sensitive to many different influences, e.g., the influence of camera settings. In this study, several previously investigated factors were noted, after which three were selected for further investigation. The computation and comparison methods are evaluated under variation of the following factors: resolution, length of the video and compression. For all three studies, images were taken with a single iPhone 6. It was found that a higher resolution ensures a more reliable comparison, and that the length of a (reference) video should always be as high as possible to gain a better PRNU-pattern. It also became clear that compression (i.e., in this study the compression that Snapchat uses) has a negative effect on the correlation value. Therefore, it was found that many different factors play a part when comparing videos. Due to the large amount of controllable and non-controllable factors that influence the PRNU-pattern, it is of great importance that further research is carried out to gain clarity on the individual influences that factors exert.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

scholarly journals Responsiveness of the Scripps Neurologic Rating Scale During a Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Koziol ◽  
Adriana Lucero ◽  
Jack C. Sipe ◽  
John S. Romine ◽  
Ernest Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective:The Scripps neurologic rating scale (SNRS) is a summary measure of individual components comprising a neurological examination, designed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective is to evaluate the responsiveness of the SNRS, within the context of a 2-year, randomized, double-blind crossover study of the efficacy of cladribine for treatment of secondary progressive MS.Methods:Effect sizes were determined for the SNRS and its components, separately for each treatment group (initial placebo, and initial cladribine) over both years of the clinical trial, using a standard random effects model.Results:Individual components tended to show positive effect sizes (improvement) during periods of active therapy in both treatment groups, and negative effect sizes (deterioration) during periods of no active therapy. Summation indices derived from the individual components of the SNRS seemed somewhat more stable than the individual components. The two components mentation and mood, and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction, were rather unresponsive in our clinical trial.Conclusion:Changes in the components of the SNRS over the course of our clinical trial were consistent between the two treatment groups. Most components were moderately responsive; and, the summary SNRS score appropriately summarized the moderate magnitudes of change evinced in the individual components.

Contradictions in a Totalitarian Society

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Michael Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Communist System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

Some aspects of the Chinese People's Republic have been explained as reversions to traditional Chinese patterns. There are resemblances between the Chinese Communist ideal for society and the traditional Confucian ideal. Both assume that, in a properly ordered society, there should be universal acceptance of a true doctrine and universal agreement on what is right. Paul Linebarger, describing the Confucian ideal, wrote, “Government, once cheng ming has been set in motion, is not a policy making body. There is no question of policy, no room for disagreement, no alternative; what is right is apparent. … government needs only to administer for … the maintenance of the ideology. Once right views are established, no individual is entitled to think otherwise. … control of the individual will devolves upon persons making up his immediate social environment. …” One can compare this with the frequent Chinese Communist statements about the universal validity of Marxism-Leninism and the thought of Mao Tse-tung and the continually appearing assumption that a process of discussion must end with unanimous agreement on what is right. Also, control of the individual by persons in his immediate social environment is a characteristic feature of the Chinese Communist system.

scholarly journals Reinforcing Effect of Carbon Nanotubes/Surfactant Dispersions in Portland Cement Pastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Mendoza Reales ◽  
Caterin Ocampo ◽  
Yhan Paul Arias Jaramillo ◽  
Juan Carlos Ochoa Botero ◽  
Jorge Hernán Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Crack Propagation Process ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

Decoupling the individual effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and surfactants when used as reinforcement materials in cement-based composites is aimed in this study. Powder MWCNTs were dispersed in deionized water using different types of surfactants as chemical dispersing agents and an ultrasonic tip processor. Cement pastes with carbon nanotubes additions of 0.15% by mass of cement were produced in two steps: first, the MWCNT/surfactant dispersions were combined with the mixing water, and then, cement was added and mixed until a homogeneous paste was obtained. Mechanical properties of the pastes cured at 7 days were measured, and their fracture behavior was characterized using the linear elastic finite element analysis. It was found that the reinforcing effect of MWCNT was masked by the negative effect of surfactants in the cement matrix; nevertheless, nanotubes were capable of increasing both stress and strain capacity of the composite by controlling the crack propagation process at the tip of the crack.

scholarly journals Migration and Wage Effects of Taxing Top Earners: Evidence from the Foreigners’ Tax Scheme in Denmark *

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Jacobsen Kleven ◽  
Camille Landais ◽  
Emmanuel Saez ◽  
Esben Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Matching Frictions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This article analyzes the effects of income taxation on the international migration and earnings of top earners using a Danish preferential foreigner tax scheme and population-wide Danish administrative data. This scheme, introduced in 1991, allows new immigrants with high earnings to be taxed at a preferential flat rate for a duration of three years. We obtain two main results. First, the scheme has doubled the number of highly paid foreigners in Denmark relative to slightly less paid—and therefore ineligible—foreigners. This translates into a very large elasticity of migration with respect to 1 minus the average tax rate on foreigners, between 1.5 and 2. Second, we find compelling evidence of a negative effect of the scheme-induced reduction in the average tax rate on pretax earnings of foreign migrants at the individual level. This finding can be rationalized by a matching frictions model with wage bargaining where there is a gap between pay and marginal productivity.

scholarly journals Partnership among Librarians: Reflection on Observations, Interviews and Research Reports from Three Universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Rexwhite T. Enakrire ◽  
Collence T. Chisita ◽  
Tella Adeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

Partnership is not a new phenomenon in the university environment. It embraces strategies used by people with common interest to harvest knowledge in terms of sharing or collaboration. However, the case differs with collaborations in Library and Information Science (LIS) research in Africa, especially LIS scholars in African universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Paucity of empirical literature is available on research collaboration among LIS scholars in Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The purpose of the study was to examine partnership among librarians, with reflection on observation and interview research reports in three universities in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach using interview to gather data from librarians drawn from three Nigerian and Zimbabwean universities. The qualitative research approach grounded on content analysis of documents/literature, observation and interview method was use for the study. The observation focus on the authors’ exposition in the sampled universities environment, while the interview were key informants from each of the three countries universities sampled. The study consider the collaborative theory through grounded method. The findings of the study revealed lack of trust in the individual or groups collaborator; team members have the feeling that the project they are collaborating on is of little benefit, due to poor relationship. Team members see themselves as contender or challenger; which has affected leadership issue and involvement of long meetings and inability to address the truth. In terms of the influence of collaboration on professional growth of librarians, result demonstrated enhancement of teaching aspect of librarianship, learning and research quality; promote cooperation, coordination, which in turn increased level of intensity, tenacity and interaction among members. Linkage among LIS professional ranges from networking, cooperation, alliances, coordination and partnership, coalition and eventually collaboration. Challenges reported include catastrophic consequent on negative effect of work, culture and stylistic parameters including concept, attitude and professional hindrances. dominance impact of policies and procedures of collaboration, exploitation of the weak members, lack of clarity and rationale behind the collaboration, unwillingness to change by members in collaboration, lack of socialisation, largeness of the group, wrong membership and jettisoning of members ideas which eventually make some members take the decision of quitting the team. The study recommends inter-disciplinary, intra-institutional and inter-institutional collaboration among various stakeholders in LIS education and training.

scholarly journals Isolated individuals and groups show opposite preferences toward humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Calvo Martín ◽  
Stamatios C. Nicolis ◽  
Isaac Planas-Sitjà ◽  
Jean-Christophe de Biseau ◽  
Jean-Louis Deneubourg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractCockroaches, like most social arthropods, are led to choose collectively among different alternative resting places. These decisions are modulated by different factors, such as environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) and sociality (groups size, nature of communications). The aim of this study is to establish the interplay between environmental conditions and the modulation of the interactions between individuals within a group leading to an inversion of preferences. We show that the preferences of isolated cockroaches and groups of 16 individuals, on the selection of the relative humidity of a shelter are inversed and shed light on the mechanisms involved. We suggest that the relative humidity has a multi-level influence on cockroaches, manifested as an attractant effect at the individual level and as a negative effect at the group level, modulating the interactions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Branchless Banking Strategy on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gift Kimonge Dzombo ◽  
James M. Kilika ◽  
James Maingi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Electronic Banking ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

The Banking sector acts as the life blood of modern trade and economic development. Commercial banks influence, facilitate and integrate the economic activities like resources mobilization, poverty elimination, production, and distribution of public finance. The financial performance of commercial banks has great implications in the financial sector and in the country at large, and will still remain an important subject of concern by all the stakeholders in the banking industry. In the last two decades, a lot of banking innovation has taken place in order to improve commercial banks financial performance. Branchless banking which involves the use of agency banking and electronic banking channels in the distribution of banking products and services is one such innovation. This study purpose was to evaluate the effect of branchless banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to analyze the individual effects of agency banking and electronic banking channels on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and the combined effect of both agency and electronic banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted an exploratory research design. A survey of all the 42 licensed commercial banks in Kenya was done. Both primary and secondary data on branchless banking and financial performance of banks was obtained from the individual commercial banks, Central Bank of Kenya banking annual supervision reports respectively. Return on Assets (ROA) was used as the main indicator of commercial banks financial performance. The amount of investment in agency and electronic banking was used as indicator for agency and electronic banking. Data analysis was done using SPSS and STATA statistical softwares. Descriptive statistics, diagnostic tests and tests of hypothesis were done. Data was presented using tables and charts. Study findings indicated that when used in isolation; both agency and electronic banking had a significant negative effect on the financial performance of commercial banks at 5 percent significance level. However, when agency and electronic banking channels were used together as a multichannel strategy, they had a significant positive effect on bank’s financial performance at 5 percent significance level. The study recommends that for positive returns, commercial banks should invest in both agency and electronic banking as a multichannel strategy since these channels are complimentary to each other.

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