scholarly journals Future Directions for Human-Centered Transparent Systems for Engine Room Monitoring in Shore Control Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Changhun Han ◽  
Apsara Abeysiriwardhane ◽  
Shuhong Chai ◽  
Ananda Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
Uncertainty Information ◽  
Machine Interaction

Many autonomous ship projects have reflected the increasing interest in incorporating the concept of autonomy into the maritime transportation sector. However, autonomy is not a silver bullet, as exemplified by many incidents in the past involving human and machine interaction; rather it introduces new Human Factor (HF) challenges. These challenges are especially critical for Engine Room Monitoring (ERM) in Shore Control Centre (SCCs) due to the system’s complexity and the absence of human senses in the decision-making process. A transparent system is one of the potential solutions, providing a rationale behind its suggestion. However, diverse implementations of transparency schemes have resulted in prevalent inconsistencies in its effects. This literature review paper investigates 17 transparency studies published over the last eight years to identify (a) different approaches to developing transparent systems, (b) the effects of transparency on key HFs, and (c) the effects of information presentation methods and uncertainty information. The findings suggest that the explicit presentation of information could strengthen the benefits of the transparent system and could be promising for performance improvements in ERM tasks in the SCC.

scholarly journals DESIGN FOR RESILIENT HUMAN-SYSTEM INTERACTION IN AUTONOMY: THE CASE OF A SHORE CONTROL CENTRE FOR UNMANNED SHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1023-1032
Author(s):  
Erik Aleksander Veitch ◽  
Thomas Kaland ◽  
Ole Andreas Alsos
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Human System ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Human Centred Design

AbstractArtificial intelligence is transforming how we interact with vehicles. We examine the case of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), which are emerging as a safer and more effective solution for maritime transportation. Despite the focus on autonomy, humans are predicted to have a central role in MASS operations from a Shore Control Centre (SCC). Here, operators will provide back-up control in the event of system failure. There are signification design challenges with such a system. The most critical is human-system interaction in autonomy (H-SIA). We consider humans as the source of resilience in the system for adapting to unexpected events and managing safety. We ask, can Human-Centred Design (HCD) be used to create resilient interactions between MASS and SCC? Work has been done in resilience engineering for complex systems but has not been extended to H-SIA in transportation. “Resilient interaction design” is relevant as we progress from design to operational phase. We adopted the ISO 9421-210 guideline to structure our HCD approach. The result is an SCC designed for 1 Autonomy Operator (AO). The contribution is a demonstration of how resilient interaction design may lead to safer and more effective H-SIA in transportation.

scholarly journals Autonomous ships for container shipping in the Arctic routes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque Munim ◽  
Rana Saha ◽  
Halvor Schøyen ◽  
Adolf K. Y. Ng ◽  
Theo E. Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
Best Worst Method

AbstractThis study investigates the competitiveness of various autonomous ship categories for container shipping in the Arctic route. We propose a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework using four ship categories as alternatives and eight criteria for competitiveness evaluation. We analyse collected data using the Best–Worst Method (BWM), one of the recently developed MCDM methods. The findings reveal that operating expenses, navigation aspects, and environmental protection are the three most important criteria for deploying autonomous ships in the Arctic route. Among the three investigated autonomous ships alternatives, the semi-autonomous ship operated from a shore control centre (SCC) is prioritized for Arctic shipping in the foreseeable future, when benchmarked against the conventional ship. The SCC-controlled semi-autonomous ship alternative is competitive in the majority of the considered criteria including operating expenses, capital expenses, navigation, ship-shore and ship–ship communication, search and rescue, and environmental protection.

Tactile Cuing to Augment Multisensory Human-Machine Interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hancock ◽  
Ben Lawson ◽  
Roger Cholewiak ◽  
Linda R. Elliott ◽  
Jan B. F. van Erp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Auditory Displays ◽  
Information Processing Capacity ◽  
Tactile Displays ◽  
Machine Interaction

Tactile displays promise to improve the information-processing capacity of operators, especially when used in conjunction with visual and auditory displays. In this article, we describe current applications and future directions in tactile cuing.

A Decision-Making Tool for the Optimization of Empty Containers' Return in the Liner Shipping: Optimization by Using the Genetic Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Naima Belayachi ◽  
Fouzia Amrani ◽  
Karim Bouamrane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Empty Containers ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Decision Making Tool

This article describes how in the maritime transportation sector, containerization represents one of the most remarkable improvements. In fact, the different shipping companies provide great efforts, whose purpose is to reduce the cost of this transport. However, these companies are facing a problem of empty containers, which are not available at some ports of Maritime Transport Network (MTN) to meet the clients' demands. This problem is simply a consequence of the imbalance in the distribution of containers through the MTN due to the set of containers that do not return to the origin port. This work offers a decision-making tool to this problem by proposing an optimal return of empty containers. The proposed application is based on evolutionary heuristics. Its principle is to find an optimal solution from a set of several feasible solutions generated during an initial population in order to enable the search of empty containers at lower cost.

Performance and Workload Trends: The Effects of Repeated Exposure to “High” Demand Tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille L. Wheatley ◽  
Jess Esplin ◽  
Sydney M. Loveless ◽  
Joel M. Cooper ◽  
Francesco Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
High Workload

The N-back and Surrogate Reference Task (SuRT) are frequently used to evaluate the workload potential of secondary driving tasks as high cognitive and visual demand benchmarks. This paper examines the effect of repeated exposures to the N-back and SuRT reference tasks, and any resulting change in task performance or workload that may negate their effectiveness as calibration tools and high workload benchmarks. One-way repeated measures ANOVA analyses demonstrate that N-back performance improves while workload decreases, suggesting limitations in methodology for measuring task workload after multiple exposures. Alternatively, SuRT performance improves while workload remains relatively stable, indicating the task elicits a constant visual demand despite performance improvements. This paper discusses the limitations of the N-back and SuRT as reference tasks in workload and driving research, and proposes future directions to further clarify their use.

scholarly journals An Empirical View on Ethical Values and Moralism of Public Bus Service in Kuantan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyana Kamarudin ◽  
Mohammad Fitri Idrus ◽  
Siti Aisyah Ismail ◽  
Shariman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Informal Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services

Ethics is a discipline dealing with a set of rules, principles, and beliefs used to judge the value of human actions. Ethics are relevant in the transportation sector because of the diversity and the social relevance of its effects, both positive and negative. Ethics in Business is nothing but the do’s (good things and honest activities) and don’ts (bad things, cheating, bribe, duplicate products) by the marketers in the business. There should be business ethics, meaning that the business should be conducted according to certain self-recognized moral standards. Most of the government agencies have very strict conduct of rules and moral standard on which the entire functioning is hovering and most of the time customer gains the benefits. In order to protect the public and company interest, the practice of professionalism in bus services should be practiced. The objective of this research is to analyse the ethical issue in Rapid Kuantan bus service. The study utilizes informal interview toward operation and bus control centre staff and observational as its methodology. Four dimension of different cases discussed in this paper to see the relation of action taken and its relation with the said elements. In this study, the expected outcome is high ethics and morality is a vital value and characteristic that lead to the trusted and effective of bus services.

Priority Assessment of Key Factors of IMO-MSC/Circular.834 for Ship Engine Room Safety and Efficiency Based on Human Aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hasan Ölmez ◽  
Selim Bastürk ◽  
Köksal Colak
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Priority Assessment ◽  
Optimum Working

Abstract International Maritime Organization (IMO) has published technical circular (MSC/Circular. 834) including nonmandatory guidelines with five main criteria about engine room layout, design, and arrangement. The purpose of this study is to present the most important priority criteria of seafarers about engine room design according to the criteria from IMO MSC/Circular.834 guidelines. Since there are no obligations, the priority and importance of these criteria are not clearly emphasized. Therefore, the determination of seafarers’ priorities for arrangement in terms of safety and efficiency become important to make decision. For this, fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, which is one of the most used fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)methods is employed. Introduction Maritime transportation, known for oldest and widespread transportation around the world, with 11 billion tons weight and 80% rate of world trade volume (UNCTAD 2019). Maritime transportation has many components and one of the most important and effective parts of these components are ships and seafarers. Because of the difficulty of ship conditions, ships should be present optimum working conditions for seafarers in order to achieve effective and safe operations on board. At the present time, there are previous studies about the difficulty of working studies on board. It is a scientific and cultural fact that seafarers are under higher risk of working conditions comparing to other jobs (Bloor et al. 2000; Havold 2005; Hetherington et al. 2006; Mallam et al. 2015). Due to this reason, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has made various regulations for years in order to improve seafarers’ safety and efficiency on board. One of the goals of these regulations is to design optimum working conditions on board for seafarers. Based on complex structure and having various danger conditions, engine room design is considerable to ensure safety and efficiency for engine room department seafarers.

A Decision-Making Tool for the Optimization of Empty Containers' Return in the Liner Shipping: Optimization by Using the Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1186-1206
Author(s):  
Naima Belayachi ◽  
Fouzia Amrani ◽  
Karim Bouamrane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Empty Containers ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Decision Making Tool

This article describes how in the maritime transportation sector, containerization represents one of the most remarkable improvements. In fact, the different shipping companies provide great efforts, whose purpose is to reduce the cost of this transport. However, these companies are facing a problem of empty containers, which are not available at some ports of Maritime Transport Network (MTN) to meet the clients' demands. This problem is simply a consequence of the imbalance in the distribution of containers through the MTN due to the set of containers that do not return to the origin port. This work offers a decision-making tool to this problem by proposing an optimal return of empty containers. The proposed application is based on evolutionary heuristics. Its principle is to find an optimal solution from a set of several feasible solutions generated during an initial population in order to enable the search of empty containers at lower cost.

scholarly journals Taxi Efficiency Measurements Based on Motorcade-Sharing Model: Evidence from GPS-Equipped Taxi Data in Sanya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Gui ◽  
Qunqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Model Evidence

Urban traffic congestion has become a global problem and has garnered special importance in recent years in the transportation sector, especially in taxi markets. To unlock the potential of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it was vital to make efficiency measurements. In this study, Distance Formula was built to calculate distances by GPS data based on mathematical equations, and Motorcade-Sharing (MS) Model was proposed to improve the efficiency of collaborative vehicles. The experimental data of 2191 GPS-equipped taxis in Sanya of China was adopted to make comparisons between original results and modelled results. Measurement results showed that MS Model had 10.54% more leisure taxis, reduced 5 overdriving taxis, and saved 33.73% running distance in total compared to the original. This indicated that the application of MS Model could not only alleviate urban traffic congestion but also optimize urban taxi markets, and it has a bright future in the field of taxi and other collaborative vehicles. Future directions could be improving MS Model and expanding data.

scholarly journals A roadmap for laser optimization of Yb:Ca3(NbGa)5O12-CNGG-type single crystal garnets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
J. M. Cano-Torres ◽  
A. Ruiz ◽  
M. D. Serrano ◽  
C. Cascales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Laser Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements

Lasing-relevant processing and physical properties of Yb-doped Ca3(NbGa)5O12-CNGG-type disordered garnet crystals are discussed. Future directions for Yb3+ bandwidth and laser performance improvements are foreseen.

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