scholarly journals Coastal Climate Adaptation Literatures of the Southeast and Northeast U.S.: Regional Comparisons among States and Document Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kenyon Lindeman ◽  
Christos Giannoulis ◽  
Bryce Beard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Almost All

Challenges remain in optimizing the use of increasingly large inflows of climate adaptation articles and guidance documents to improve coastal science and engineering practices. In addition to four major academic databases, the large grey literature was quantified by analyzing web sources of hundreds of government, nonprofit and university reports not previously included in reviews. Three spatial scales were examined for differences in amount and timing of adaptation documents: (a) between region (southeast and northeast U.S.); (b) among sub-region (Florida and Carolinas; New York/New Jersey and New England); and (c) among states (ten states total). Comparisons were also made across spatial scales for document sources (academic journals, government, non-governmental organizations (NGO), university, mixed sources), including four governance subcategories (federal, state, regional and local). Differences were identified among some spatial scales in academic vs. grey literature and among categories of grey literature. 53% of the literature was from grey sources (21% government, 10% university, 8% nonprofit and 14% mixed sources). This literature can be large and is grounded in applied, experiential knowledge, yet is unavailable in almost all academic databases. These relatively hidden documents provide insight into on-the-ground science and engineering case-histories, policy innovations, and power relationships across scales of geography and governance.

Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alfonso Langle-Flores ◽  
Adriana Aguilar Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Romero-Uribe ◽  
Julia Ros-Cuéllar ◽  
Juan José Von Thaden
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Hydrological Services

Summary Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.

International Labor Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Forced Labour

The ad hoc Committee on Forced Labor which was established jointly by the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, pursuant to an Economic and Social Council decision of March 1951,1 held its first session in Geneva from October 8 to 27, 1951.3 The committee, composed of Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar (India, chairman), Paal Berg (Norway) and F. F. Palavicini (Mexico), issued an invitation to all non-governmental organizations to supply it with documentary material and information. The committee reported that it would have to investigate “all the laws and regulations of the various states which might illustrate the different systems of forced labour employed in those States”, adding that it might also have to investigate existing administrative practices which enable forced labor to be put into effect. At its next session, scheduled to be held at New York from May 26 to July 3, 1952, the committee was to examine the replies of governments to its questionnaire, as well as hear and question the representatives of interested non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals From Bush Medicine to Modern Phytopharmaceutical: A Bibliographic Review of Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Thomas Brendler
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Devil’S Claw ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excellent Safety Profile ◽  
Bush Medicine

Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum spp., Pedaliaceae) is one of the best-documented phytomedicines. Its mode of action is largely elucidated, and its efficacy and excellent safety profile have been demonstrated in a long list of clinical investigations. The author conducted a bibliographic review which not only included peer-reviewed papers published in scientific journals but also a vast amount of grey literature, such as theses and reports initiated by governmental as well as non-governmental organizations, thus allowing for a more holistic presentation of the available evidence. Close to 700 sources published over the course of two centuries were identified, confirmed, and cataloged. The purpose of the review is three-fold: to trace the historical milestones in devil’s claw becoming a modern herbal medicine, to point out gaps in the seemingly all-encompassing body of research, and to provide the reader with a reliable and comprehensive bibliography. The review covers aspects of ethnobotany, taxonomy, history of product development and commercialization, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, as well as clinical efficacy and safety. It is concluded that three areas stand out in need of further investigation. The taxonomical assessment of the genus is outdated and lacking. A revision is needed to account for intra- and inter-specific, geographical, and chemo-taxonomical variation, including variation in composition. Further research is needed to conclusively elucidate the active compound(s). Confounded by early substitution, intermixture, and blending, it has yet to be demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that both (or all) Harpagophytum spp. are equally (and interchangeably) safe and efficacious in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Anticipating and Adapting to the Future Impacts of Climate Change on the Health, Security and Welfare of Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) Communities in Southeastern USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Thomas Allen ◽  
Joshua Behr ◽  
Anamaria Bukvic ◽  
Ryan S. D. Calder ◽  
Kiki Caruson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Agencies

Low elevation coastal zones (LECZ) are extensive throughout the southeastern United States. LECZ communities are threatened by inundation from sea level rise, storm surge, wetland degradation, land subsidence, and hydrological flooding. Communication among scientists, stakeholders, policy makers and minority and poor residents must improve. We must predict processes spanning the ecological, physical, social, and health sciences. Communities need to address linkages of (1) human and socioeconomic vulnerabilities; (2) public health and safety; (3) economic concerns; (4) land loss; (5) wetland threats; and (6) coastal inundation. Essential capabilities must include a network to assemble and distribute data and model code to assess risk and its causes, support adaptive management, and improve the resiliency of communities. Better communication of information and understanding among residents and officials is essential. Here we review recent background literature on these matters and offer recommendations for integrating natural and social sciences. We advocate for a cyber-network of scientists, modelers, engineers, educators, and stakeholders from academia, federal state and local agencies, non-governmental organizations, residents, and the private sector. Our vision is to enhance future resilience of LECZ communities by offering approaches to mitigate hazards to human health, safety and welfare and reduce impacts to coastal residents and industries.

scholarly journals WOMEN'S HOME VIOLENCE: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF THE PHENOMENON

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
L. Rutyan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Almost All

The article examines the issues of domestic violence of women, psychological and social determinants of this phenomenon. It is indicated that this problem is in the focus of attention of foreign and domestic scientists, as well as public authorities and non-governmental organizations. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is the sexual attribute that causes the woman to be a victim of various types of violence in almost all countries of the world. Lists of programs to prevent and combat violence against children, youth and women, which are funded by the leadership of the European Union, are listed. The factors that determine domestic violence in general and in particular against women are examined in detail. It is noted that violence against women affects the whole family. The main components of the program for the prevention of domestic violence against women are given. Promising areas for the prevention of domestic violence are listed.

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