WOMEN'S HOME VIOLENCE: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF THE PHENOMENON

Main Components ◽

Almost All

The article examines the issues of domestic violence of women, psychological and social determinants of this phenomenon. It is indicated that this problem is in the focus of attention of foreign and domestic scientists, as well as public authorities and non-governmental organizations. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is the sexual attribute that causes the woman to be a victim of various types of violence in almost all countries of the world. Lists of programs to prevent and combat violence against children, youth and women, which are funded by the leadership of the European Union, are listed. The factors that determine domestic violence in general and in particular against women are examined in detail. It is noted that violence against women affects the whole family. The main components of the program for the prevention of domestic violence against women are given. Promising areas for the prevention of domestic violence are listed.

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) AS INTERMEDIARIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DECISION TO ADOPT INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: 1973–2002

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.43.2.59 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 59-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Devrimi Kaya ◽

Robert J. Kirsch ◽

Klaus Henselmann

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Accounting Standards ◽

International Accounting ◽

International Accounting Standards ◽

The European Union ◽

History Of ◽

The Many

This paper analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in encouraging the European Union (EU) to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS). Our analysis begins with the 1973 founding of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), and ends with 2002 when the binding EU regulation was approved. We document the many pathways of interaction between European supranational, governmental bodies and the IASC/IASB, as well as important regional NGOs, such as the Union Européenne des Experts Comptables, Économiques et Financiers (UEC), the Groupe d'Etudes des Experts Comptables de la Communauté Économique Européenne (Groupe d'Etudes), and their successor, the Fédération des Experts Comptables Européens (FEE). This study investigates, through personal interviews of key individuals involved in making the history of the organizations studied, and an extensive set of primary sources, how NGOs filled key roles in the process of harmonization of international accounting standards.

Democratization, Nationalism and Regional Security in the Southern Caucasus

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00777.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 399-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Neil MacFarlane

Keyword(s):

International Development ◽

The United States ◽

Regional Security ◽

Political Rights ◽

The European Union ◽

Pressure Groups ◽

Democratic Reform ◽

Independent States

FOR SOME YEARS NOW, WESTERN ACADEMICS AND POLICY-MAKERS HAVE embraced the cause of democratic reform in Central and Eastern Europe. To take but one well-known example, President Clinton in the 1994 State of the Union Address cited the absence of war among democracies as a reason for promotion of democracy around the world. Assistance to former Warsaw Pact and newly independent states has been made conditional to varying degrees on the acceptance of democratic change. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development and associated non-governmental organizations have unleashed armies of promoters of democracy throughout the region to: observe elections; monitor human rights; draft new constitutions and laws defending civil and political rights; train judges and police personnel; and organize and assist political parties, media and non-governmental pressure groups. In short, they have sought to transplant the fabric of civil society and democratic institutions. These armies have landed on terrain often quite foreign to them and have often displayed little sensitivity to the social, economic and political context in which they are operating. This may have contributed to results other than those intended.

Opening a Path towards Sustainable Corporate Behaviour: Public Participation in Criminal Environmental Proceedings

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7886

Author(s):

Pavel Kotlán ◽

Alena Kozlová ◽

Zuzana Machová

Keyword(s):

Public Participation ◽

Criminal Liability ◽

Active Role ◽

Legal Framework ◽

The European Union ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

The Public ◽

Non Governmental Organizations

Establishing criminal liability for environmental offences remains daunting, particularly with regard to the ‘no plaintiff—no judge’ element as a result of which the public seems to be ultimately deprived of the possibility to participate in criminal environmental proceedings. While there is arguably a lack of specific instruments at the European Union (EU) level which would prescribe such legal obligation on the part of the State, there has been a shift in understanding the role of the public and its participation in criminal liability cases, namely under the auspices of the so-called effective investigation and the concept of rights of victims in general. Using the example of the Czech Republic as a point of reference, this article aims to assess the relevant legal developments at both EU and Czech levels to illustrate why the non-governmental organizations (NGOs), essentially acting as public agents, should be granted an active role in environmental criminal proceedings. After examining the applicable legal framework and case law development, the article concludes that effective investigation indeed stands as a valid legal basis for human rights protection which incorporates an entitlement to public participation. Despite that, this pro-active shift is far from being applied in practice, implying that the legislation remains silent where it should be the loudest, and causing unsustainable behaviour of companies.

Family violence in COVID-19 pandemic: Who is guilty and what to do?

Izvestia of Saratov University New Series Series Sociology Politology ◽

10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-3-283-288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 283-288

Author(s):

Oksana V. Besschetnova ◽

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Family Values ◽

Confined Space ◽

Federal Law ◽

The Family ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

To Receive

The article presents the analysis of the problem of domestic violence on the basis of domestic and foreign statistical data and the research results. Attention is focused on the aggravation of this problem during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in many countries of the world. The situation of uncertainty, a long stay in a confined space, the fear of contracting a new coronavirus infection, the inability to receive adequate medical care due to the congestion of the healthcare system, loss of financial stability, disruption of the usual rhythm of life led to the escalation of psychological tension. This resulted in the increase of domestic violence. The important role in resolving the situation and helping the victims of domestic violence under quarantine conditions was performed by specialized state and non-governmental organizations. Their activities underwent the structural, financial, and technological changes in the post-Covid-19 period. At the same time, in Russia there is a need of adopting a new federal law on combating domestic violence which will reduce the number of domestic crimes and increase the family values.

Coastal Climate Adaptation Literatures of the Southeast and Northeast U.S.: Regional Comparisons among States and Document Sources

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse6040152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Kenyon Lindeman ◽

Christos Giannoulis ◽

Bryce Beard

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New England ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Federal State ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Almost All

Challenges remain in optimizing the use of increasingly large inflows of climate adaptation articles and guidance documents to improve coastal science and engineering practices. In addition to four major academic databases, the large grey literature was quantified by analyzing web sources of hundreds of government, nonprofit and university reports not previously included in reviews. Three spatial scales were examined for differences in amount and timing of adaptation documents: (a) between region (southeast and northeast U.S.); (b) among sub-region (Florida and Carolinas; New York/New Jersey and New England); and (c) among states (ten states total). Comparisons were also made across spatial scales for document sources (academic journals, government, non-governmental organizations (NGO), university, mixed sources), including four governance subcategories (federal, state, regional and local). Differences were identified among some spatial scales in academic vs. grey literature and among categories of grey literature. 53% of the literature was from grey sources (21% government, 10% university, 8% nonprofit and 14% mixed sources). This literature can be large and is grounded in applied, experiential knowledge, yet is unavailable in almost all academic databases. These relatively hidden documents provide insight into on-the-ground science and engineering case-histories, policy innovations, and power relationships across scales of geography and governance.

Watching, Blaming, Silencing, Intervening: Exploring the Role of the Community in Preventing Domestic Violence in India

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/praa.33.3.0308216293212j00 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sreeparna Ghosh

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Service Providers ◽

Physical Violence ◽

National Level ◽

State Level ◽

Family Welfare ◽

The United Nations

On a warm October day in 2005, I attended a state level conference on preventing violence against women in Mumbai. The speakers included state (Maharashtra) and national level administrative officials, representatives of the United Nations and the United Nations Population Funds (UNFPA), social workers and members of several NGOs. One of the speakers, a high-ranking bureaucrat in the Ministry of Family Welfare, in a fiery speech condemning all forms of violence against women, urged service providers to follow a "zero tolerance policy." In other words, no form of violence against women should be tolerated. She recommended that women be urged to resist and leave their husbands if they are being subjected to physical violence. As is customary, everyone praised her commitment to women's causes. However a few of the members of non-governmental organizations were skeptical about her approach, and though careful not to voice their objections in public, privately criticized her approach for its impracticality and lack of understanding of poor women's needs.

Saving Water while Doing Business: Corporate Agenda-Setting and Water Sustainability

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laura Kemper ◽

Lena Partzsch

Keyword(s):

Fair Trade ◽

Water Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Water Sustainability ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Water Problems

Organic and fair trade campaigns bring water sustainability onto public agendas, such as for example in the cotton/textile sector. Armedangels, a German company, advertises its t-shirts by arguing that their production requires only 1/10th of the water required in conventional production. This article studies the ambitions of such corporate agenda-setters. Methodologically, we develop a framework that contains six criteria and nine indicators, which allow us to code and assess the certification standards. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and participatory observations in order to better understand whose agendas certification is promulgating. The criteria encompass the social and environmental dimensions of water sustainability. Our cases include Naturland (a private organic standard), the European Union (EU) Organic Regulation (a public organic standard), the Fairtrade Labeling Organization (FLO) (a fair trade initiative), and the Fair for Life (FFL) standard (an organic and fair trade standard). Our study also looks at the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) and Cotton made in Africa (CmiA), which are two multi-stakeholder initiatives that operate on the conventional market in cooperation with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The findings demonstrate that organic and fair trade companies rightly present themselves as water policy entrepreneurs. However, crucial aspects of water sustainability remain hidden. In particular, there is a cleavage between the environmental agendas of organic movements and NGOs that are represented in certification and the urgent social water problems in the Global South.

Dezvoltare personală și feminism: O perspectivă sociologică asupra mișcărilor pentru drepturile femeilor în România neoliberală

Transilvania ◽

10.51391/trva.2020.12.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Elena Trifan

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Personal Development ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Structural Inequality ◽

Individual Level ◽

Self Help ◽

The Social ◽

The Individual

The article aims to analyze the ways in which personal development is used as a tool to manage social justice issues, domestic violence cases and other forms of structural inequality. In most works in the social sciences, self-help discourse has been criticized for reiterating the individualizing neoliberal discourse that leads to growing social inequalities, along with blaming the most vulnerable for their own fate. However, personal development as a practice has been used by organizations working at community level to address personal issues caused by social inequalities. The analysis aims to present the intertwining of global ideological and political plans at the individual level through non-governmental organizations, their projects and personal development courses. The research consisted in the analysis of the activities and projects of the organizations that are part of the Network for Preventing and Combating Violence against Women (VIF) and the ethnography data of personal development practices in Romania from a previous research.

The Role of NGOs in Search and Rescue Operations in the Context of the European Union Migration Crisis

Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal ◽

10.20542/afij-2020-3-77-91 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 77-91

Author(s):

U. Stoliarova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Search And Rescue ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Migration Crisis ◽

Immigration Issue

In the early 2010s due to the aggravation of the situation in the Middle East and North Africa, the European Union faced an unprecedented escalation of the migration problem, which put serious pressure on many EU mechanisms. The article analyzes Brussels’ response to the increase in the number of victims in the Mediterranean Sea during the migration crisis, which peaked in 2015. The adoption of new initiatives that were aimed at easing the immigration issue did not lead to the expected results. The EU struggled to cope with a rise in the number of migrants who sought to reach European shores. The real challenge for the arriving migrants was crossing the Mediterranean Sea. Amid the increase in unmanaged flows of refugees and regular shipwrecks that led to the death of many migrants, non-governmental organizations stepped out. The organization and conduct of search and rescue operations (SARs) by NGOs led to the emergence of a new type of SARs, non-state ones, since even large NGOs began to conduct such operations for the first time. The article examines the contribution of European non-governmental organizations to the provision of search and rescue operations, as well as analyzes the main problems and challenges that these NGOs faced while implementing such activities from 2014 to 2020. It is concluded that European non-governmental organizations have saved tens of thousands of lives of migrants and refugees, thus becoming an important element in the EU’s migration crisis settlement. At the same time, they faced a number of problems and challenges, including criticism from some EU member states, which considered the activities of NGOs as a pull-factor for new migrants.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain: An overview

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012007

Author(s):

T Baltic ◽

S Rajic ◽

J Ciric ◽

I Brankovic Lazic ◽

V Djordjevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Food Supply ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Food Sector ◽

Food Supply Chain ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Care Systems

Abstract Since 2020, the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused the global pandemic COVID-19, generating health, economic and social impacts. The rapid spread of the infection in the human population required an accelerated adaptation to the new circumstances to protect human health and mitigate financial losses. As the ongoing pandemic has caused reported cases in the multi-millions, all stakeholders need to prevent further outbreaks and mitigate associated risks. Hence, besides government, health care systems, business stakeholders, public authorities, non-governmental organizations, and other socially responsible associations, the food sector has a crucial role in combating COVID-19. The food sector in this context is referred to as every actor in the food supply chain. This paper explores the difficulties in the entire food supply chain’s reactions to the pandemic crisis and underlines the meat sector’s response.