scholarly journals Restoration of Missing Patterns on Satellite Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Images Due to Cloud Coverage Using Deep Generative Inpainting Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Song-Hee Kang ◽  
Youngjin Choi ◽  
Jae Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Restoration Time ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, we propose a novel deep generative inpainting network (GIN) trained under the framework of generative adversarial learning, which is optimized for the restoration of cloud-disturbed satellite sea surface temperature (SST) imagery. The proposed GIN architecture can achieve accurate and fast restoration results. The proposed GIN consists of rough and fine reconstruction stages to promote the details and textures of missing (clouded) regions in SST images. We also propose a nov el preprocessing strategy that replaces the land areas with the average value of daily oceanic surface temperatures for improving restoration accuracy. To learn the proposed GIN, we developed a novel approach that combines multiple loss functions well suited for improving the restoration quality over missing SST information. Our results show that the difference in temperature between restored and actual satellite image data was no larger than 0.7 °C in monthly average values, which suggests excellent resilience against the missing sea surface temperature data. The proposed GIN has a faster restoration time and is feasible for real-time ocean-related applications. Furthermore, the computational cost of restoring SST images is much lower than the popular interpolation methods.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll-a variability during positive IOD - the east season period in 2019 in Padang Sea, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Dandi Arianto Pelly ◽  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Evita Hanie Pangaribowo ◽  
Akhmad Fadholi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Positive Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Point Data

This study aimed to identify the effect of the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon on the spatial, temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the East Season in Padang Sea in 2019. The method used in this research was the Kriging analysis method applied in oceanographic parameter satellite imagery extraction point data. By applying the method, we produced the maps of the spatial distribution variation of chlorophyll-a content and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The data of IOD events in 2019 showed the occurrence of a strong positive IOD phenomenon that caused anomaly in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Padang Sea. The interpretation of Aqua-Modis level 2 satellite image data showed that the sea surface temperature during the East Season was relatively cold, which was in the minimum temperature ranging from 18.5-22°C with a normal temperature condition of 28-29°C. The minimum chlorophyll-a concentration in the East Season was 0.252 mg/m3; while the maximum value reached 18.5 mg/m3. The distribution value of chlorophyll-a concentration was 1.028 mg/m3.The RMSe Cross Validation value obtained was 0.504 for SST and 0.363 for chlorophyll-a with a mean SST of -0.0005 and mean chlorophyll-a of -0.0039.

scholarly journals Prakiraan Kesuburan Perairan Bali Dari Citra Satelit [Forecast Fertility Bali Waters From Satellite Imagery]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sony Angga Satrya, Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Pearl Oyster ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Oyster Culture ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Terra Modis

Abstract Aplication Ocean Remote Sensing technology to many use for field fisheries, once use this technology in forecast fertility water. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of Bali coastal area for cage of pearl oyster culture. The method used is a descriptive method of data collection. Satellite image processing activities Aqua/Terra Modis starting with the collection of satellite image data from the database NASA via OceanColor Web site, the selection of a clean image data, and than download of satellite images. The first stages of image data processing are used software ENVI 4.7, with procedures are coloring the image, limiting the minimum and maximum temperatures and sea surface chlorophyll-a, and classifiying of the image based on the value of sea surface temperature. Sea surface temperature parameter determine the location of the cage of pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) culture. Suitability of the location of the cage of pearl oyster culture on Bali coastal area, at coordinates 8° 33' 00.97 " - 8° 42' 05.30" South Latitude and 115° 18' 03.40 " - 115° 39 ' 03.21" East Longitude. Based on geographical, that the location in the southeastern Bali coastal area and on the northern area of Nusa Pennida island.

scholarly journals A Process-Oriented Approach to Identify Evolutions of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies with a Time-Series of a Raster Dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Lianwei Li ◽  
Yangfeng Xu ◽  
Cunjin Xue ◽  
Yuxuan Fu ◽  
Yuanyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

It is important to consider where, when, and how the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) plays significant roles in regional or global climate changes. In the comparison of where and when, there is a great challenge in clearly describing how SSTA evolves in space and time. In light of the evolution from generation, through development, and to the dissipation of SSTA, this paper proposes a novel approach to identifying an evolution of SSTA in space and time from a time-series of a raster dataset. This method, called PoAIES, includes three key steps. Firstly, a cluster-based method is enhanced to explore spatiotemporal clusters of SSTA, and each cluster of SSTA at a time snapshot is taken as a snapshot object of SSTA. Secondly, the spatiotemporal topologies of snapshot objects of SSTA at successive time snapshots are used to link snapshot objects of SSTA into an evolution object of SSTA, which is called a process object. Here, a linking threshold is automatically determined according to the overlapped areas of the snapshot objects, and only those snapshot objects that meet the specified linking threshold are linked together into a process object. Thirdly, we use a graph-based model to represent a process object of SSTA. A node represents a snapshot object of SSTA, and an edge represents an evolution between two snapshot objects. Using a number of child nodes from an edge’s parent node and a number of parent nodes from the edge’s child node, a type of edge (an evolution relationship) is identified, which shows its development, splitting, merging, or splitting/merging. Finally, an experiment on a simulated dataset is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of PoAIES, and a real dataset of satellite-SSTA is used to verify the rationality of PoAIES with the help of ENSO’s relevant knowledge, which may provide new references for global change research.

scholarly journals Can an Earth System Model simulate better climate change at mid-Holocene than an AOGCM? A comparison study of MIROC-ESM and MIROC3

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ohgaito ◽  
T. Sueyoshi ◽  
A. Abe-Ouchi ◽  
T. Hajima ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Precipitation Enhancement

Abstract. The importance of evaluating models through paleoclimate simulations is becoming more recognized in efforts to improve climate projection. To evaluate an integrated Earth System Model, MIROC-ESM, we performed simulations in time-slice experiments for the mid-Holocene (6000 yr before present, 6 ka) and preindustrial (1850 AD, 0 ka) periods under the protocol of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5/Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 3. We first give an overview of the simulated global climates by comparing with simulations using a previous version of the MIROC model (MIROC3), which is an atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model. We then comprehensively discuss various aspects of climate change with 6 ka forcing and how the differences in the models can affect the results. We also discuss the representation of the precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa. The precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa according to MIROC-ESM does not differ greatly from that obtained with MIROC3, which means that newly developed components such as dynamic vegetation and improvements in the atmospheric processes do not have significant impacts on the representation of the 6 ka monsoon change suggested by proxy records. Although there is no drastic difference between the African monsoon representations of the two models, there are small but significant differences in the precipitation enhancement over the Sahara in early summer, which can be related to the representation of the sea surface temperature rather than the vegetation coupling in MIROC-ESM. Because the oceanic parts of the two models are identical, the difference in the sea surface temperature change is ultimately attributed to the difference in the atmospheric and/or land modules, and possibly the difference in the representation of low-level clouds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air–Sea Fluxes

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2546-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Anne Clayson ◽  
Alec S. Bogdanoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 3°C, although very localized events may reach 7°–8°C. An analysis of multiple years of diurnal warming over the global ice-free oceans indicates that heat fluxes determined by using the predawn sea surface temperature can differ by more than 100% in localized regions over those in which the sea surface temperature is allowed to fluctuate on a diurnal basis. A comparison of flux climatologies produced by these two analyses demonstrates that significant portions of the tropical oceans experience differences on a yearly average of up to 10 W m−2. Regions with the highest climatological differences include the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, as well as the equatorial western and eastern Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the western coasts of Central America and North Africa. Globally the difference is on average 4.45 W m−2. The difference in the evaporation rate globally is on the order of 4% of the total ocean–atmosphere evaporation. Although the instantaneous, year-to-year, and seasonal fluctuations in various locations can be substantial, the global average differs by less than 0.1 W m−2 throughout the entire 10-yr time period. A global heat budget that uses atmospheric datasets containing diurnal variability but a sea surface temperature that has removed this signal may be underestimating the flux to the atmosphere by a fairly constant value.

scholarly journals Improving Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Accuracies Using Water Vapor Profile Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Analyses based on atmospheric infrared radiative transfer simulations and collocated ship and satellite data are used to investigate whether knowledge of vertical atmospheric water vapor distributions can improve the accuracy of sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from satellite data. Initially, a simulated set of satellite brightness temperatures generated by a radiative transfer model with a large maritime radiosonde database was obtained. Simple linear SST algorithms are derived from this dataset, and these are then reapplied to the data to give simulated SST estimates and errors. The concept of water vapor weights is introduced in which a weight is a measure of the layer contribution to the difference between the surface temperature and that measured by the satellite. The weight of each atmospheric layer is defined as the layer water vapor amount multiplied by the difference between the SST and the midlayer temperature. Satellite-derived SST errors are then plotted against the difference in the sum of weights above an altitude of 2.5 km and that below. For the simple two-channel (with typical wavelengths of 11 and 12 μm) analysis, a clear correlation between the weights differences and the SST errors is found. A second group of analyses using ship-released radiosondes and satellite data also show a correlation between the SST errors and the weights differences. The analyses suggest that, for an SST derived using a simple two-channel algorithm, the accuracy may be improved if account is taken of the vertical distribution of water vapor above the ocean surface. For SST estimates derived using algorithms that include data from a 3.7-μm channel, there is no such correlation found.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Evidence of a Global Sea Surface Temperature Threshold for Tropical Cyclone Genesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (22) ◽  
pp. 9133-9145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile L. Defforge ◽  
Timothy M. Merlis
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Global Threshold ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermodynamic Variables ◽  
Cyclone Genesis

Recent studies have reaffirmed a global threshold sea surface temperature (SST) of 26°C for tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. However, it is well understood that other thermodynamic variables influence TC genesis and that high SST in isolation is not a sufficient criterion for genesis. Here, a basin-by-basin analysis of the SST distributions in the five most active ocean basins is performed, which shows that there is no global SST threshold for TC genesis. The distributions of genesis SST show substantial variations between basins. Furthermore, analysis of the conditional probability of genesis for a given TC season main development region SST suggests that the SST bounds for TC genesis are largely determined by the climatological bounds of the basin and that the SST values within this environmental range have similar probabilities of genesis. The distribution of relative SST (the difference between local and tropical mean) and tropical cyclone potential intensity at TC genesis are more distinct from those of the TC season environment, consistent with their utility in TC genesis indices.

scholarly journals SEBARAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT (SPL) SECARA SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL DI PERAIRAN SELAT ALAS PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didik Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Research Period

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unutk Menentukan sebaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL) secara spasial dan temporal  di Selat Alas Provinsi NTB. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah perairan Selat Alas. Waktu penelitian selama 5 bulan yaitu dari bulan Agustus-Desember 2015. Data penelitian berupa data primer SPL Selat Alas dan data sekunder berupa data citra satelit Aqua MODIS Level-3 dengan resolusi spasial 0,05o x 0,05o dan resolusi temporal 8 harian sebagai data bulanan yang cakupan waktunya dari Agustus 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2012. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan algoritma Miami Pathfinder SST (MPFSST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara spasial sebaran SPL Selat Alas didominasi oleh suhu rendah terutama yang berlokasi di bagian selatan, dan bagian tengah selat dengan suhu rata-rata sebesar 26.50C. Sedangkan secara temporal sebaran SPL wilayah perairan Selat Alas menunjukkan bahwa penurunan SPL terjadi disetiap bulan Agustus dan mulai meningkat pada bulan berikutnya, hingga mencapai suhu tertinggi pada bulan Desember, dan hal ini berulang setiap tahunnya. Suhu tinggi mendominasi seluruh bagian selat dengan suhu rata-rata 29.50C pada bulan November dan 29.00C pada bulan Desember. Akan tetapi pada bulan Desember, pada bagian utara selat suhu rata-rata nya  lebih tinggi dari daerah lainnya yaitu sebesar 29.70C.  Kata kunci: Citra Satelit , Selat Alas, Suhu Permukaan Laut, Spasial, Temporal Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Alas Strait of NTB Province. Research location in the Alas Strait waters. The research period  is 5 months, from August to December 2015. The research data are in the form of primary data on the Alas Strait Sea Surface Temperature and secondary data in the form of Aqua satellite image MODIS Level-3, with spatial resolution of 0.05o x 0.05o and 8 daily temporal resolutions, as monthly data from August 2008 to December 2012. Data were analyzed using the Miami Pathfinder SST algorithm (MPFSST). The results of the study indicate that spatially the distribution of Alas Strait Surface Temperature is dominated by low temperatures, especially those located in the south, and the central part of the strait with an average temperature of 26.50C. While temporally the distribution of Sea Surface Temperature in the Alas Strait waters region shows that the decline occurred every August and began to increase the following month, until it reached the highest temperature in December, and this recurs every year. High temperatures dominate the entire strait with an average temperature of 29.50C in November and 29.00C in December. However, in December, in the northern part of the strait the average temperature was higher than other regions, which amounted to 29.70C. Keywords: Satellite Imagery, Alas Strait, Sea Surface Temperature, Spatial, Temporal 

scholarly journals Mapping of Sea Surface Temperature Distribution, Sibolga City, North Sumatera Province using NOAA/AVHRR Satellite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ogesnain Sinaga ◽  
Mubarak Mubarak ◽  
Elizal Elizal
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Noaa Avhrr

The research was aimed to map the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution in Sibolga waters that based on 20 years satellite image of NOAA/AVHRR. It used survey method for ground check in the field to collect in situ SST and other seawater parameters such as its visibillity, pH, and salinity. It found that the SST changes on each 5 year’s calculations with different pattern of distribution; the figures of SST ranged between 28.5-30  oC, 30.5-31  oC, 27-29  oC, and 27.5-28.5 oC. In addition, the pH of seawater ranged from 6-7 and 27-30 ppt in average. Different pattern of SST distribution might be related to global change on temperature and season over 20 years of study.

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