scholarly journals Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in Switzerland According to a Survey of Dermatophytes Isolated in Lausanne between 2001 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olympia Bontems ◽  
Marina Fratti ◽  
Karine Salamin ◽  
Emmanuella Guenova ◽  
Michel Monod
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Trichophyton Benhamiae ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Dermatophytes are the most common pathogenic agents of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Knowledge of their epidemiology can facilitate the prevention of dermatophytosis and improve prophylactic measures. We sought to determine the incidence of the different dermatophyte species diagnosed in Lausanne (Switzerland) from 2001 to 2018. In total, 10,958 dermatophytes were isolated from patients and 459 from pets. Overall, 99% of tinea unguium and tinea pedis were caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale with a prevalence ratio of 3:1. Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense were mainly found in tinea capitis in patients of African and Mediterranean origin. Interestingly, while Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton verrucosum were prevalent 50 years ago in an epidemiological analysis carried out in the same laboratory from 1967 to 1970, these two species were rarely detected from 2001 to 2018. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton benhamiae and Microsporum canis were the prevalent zoophilic pathogenic species in children and young adults. Our investigation of animal samples revealed the main reservoirs of these zoophilic species to be cats and dogs for T. mentagrophytes and M. canis, and Guinea pigs for T. benhamiae. This study provides an epidemiological overview of dermatophytoses in Switzerland to improve their surveillance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in northeastern Iran; A subtropical region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar ◽  
Ali Naseri ◽  
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh ◽  
Abdolmajid Fata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tinea Faciei

Background and Purpose: Dermatophytes as the causative agents of dermatophytosis(ringworm) are widely spread around the world. Accurate identification ofdermatophytes in one area can be particularly important for epidemiological studies.Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to describe the species spectrum ofdermatophytes, isolated from patients in Mashhad city, Iran, using the molecular-basedmethod.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 79 dermatophyte isolatesobtained from the human skin, hair, and nail specimens. Species identification wasperformed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismanalysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions using MvaI restrictionenzyme.Results: The identified species included Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitalespecies complex (n=37, 46.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=12, 15.2%), T. rubrum(n=8, 10.1%), Microsporum canis (n=8, 10.1%), T. violaceum (n=5, 6.3%), T. tonsurans(n=4, 5.1%), Nannizzia gypsea (n=3, 3.8%), T. benhamiae (n=1, 1.3%), and T.verrucosum (n=1, 1.3%). The clinical forms of infection were tinea corporis (n=26,32.8%), tinea cruris (n=22, 27.8%), tinea capitis (n=10, 12.6%), tinea unguium (n=7,9%), tinea manuum (n=6, 8%), tinea pedis (n=5, 6.3%), and tinea faciei (n=3, 3.5%).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale speciescomplex had the highest prevalence, and T. benhamiae appeared to be a new emergingagent of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.

Isolation of Dermatophytes (and Other Fungi) from Human Nail and Skin Dust Produced by Podiatric Medical Treatments in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hainsworth ◽  
John F. Hamblin ◽  
Thiru Vanniasinkam
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Human Nail ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Skin Conditions

Background Podiatric physicians routinely use electric drills for the treatment of nail and skin conditions. The grinding process produces human nail and skin dust that is generally vacuumed into bags in the grinding unit. Many of the nails are thought to be mycotic, particularly because they are obtained from patients with symptoms of dermatophyte infections. Currently, there is limited information available on the detection of fungi from nail dust samples. Herein, we attempt to address this situation and outline some of the difficulties that pathology laboratories face in isolating and identifying dermatophytes from nail samples. Methods Fifty nail dust bags from podiatric medical clinics across all of the states and territories of Australia were collected and analyzed. Samples from the bags were inoculated onto primary isolation media. Fungal colonies that grew were then inoculated onto potato dextrose agar for identification using standard morphological (macroscopic and microscopic) features. Results One hundred fifty-one colonies of dermatophytes were identified from 43 of the 50 samples. In addition 471 nondermatophyte molds were isolated, along with some yeasts and bacteria. Conclusions The most common dermatophytes isolated were from the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complexes. Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton soudanense, and Epidermophyton floccosum were also isolated. An unidentified group of dermatophytes was also present. The three most common genera of nondermatophyte molds were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Scopulariopsis, all of which have been implicated in onychomycosis and more general disease. The presence of viable fungal pathogens in the dust could potentially pose a health problem to podiatric physicians.

scholarly journals European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus L.) as a Reservoir of Dermatophytes in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gnat ◽  
Dominik Łagowski ◽  
Mariusz Dyląg ◽  
Aneta Nowakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Trichophyton Erinacei ◽  
Trichophyton Benhamiae ◽  
European Hedgehog

AbstractThe European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus) frequently colonises areas located close to human life in cities, as these are more suitable nest sites offering an abundance of food and allowing avoidance of predators. However, urbanisation has a significant impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, including dermatophytoses, the primary source of which are wild animals. In this study, we determined the spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from the European hedgehog and assessed their susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs. Symptomatic and asymptomatic dermatophyte infections were observed in 7.7% and 8% of the 182 examined free-living hedgehogs, respectively. In the pool of the isolated dermatophyte strains, Trichophyton erinacei was dominant (29.9%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (17.9%), Trichophyton benhamiae (13.4%), Nannizzia gypsea (11.9%), Microsporum canis (10.4%), Nannizzia nana (7.5%), Paraphyton cookei (6.0%), and Nannizzia fulva (3.0%). Susceptibility tests revealed the highest activity of luliconazole and the lowest of activity fluconazole among the azole drugs applied. Although terbinafine generally exhibited high efficacy, two Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates showed resistance to this drug (MIC = 2 µg/ml) resulting from missense mutations in the SQLE gene corresponding to the amino acid substitution Leu393Phe. Summarising, our study has also revealed that such wildlife animals as hedgehogs can be a reservoir of pathogenic human dermatophytes, including harmful strains resistant to commonly used antifungal drugs. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Dermatophyte lesions in the hedgehog as a reservoir of penicillin-resistant staphylococci

1965 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. B. Smith ◽  
Mary J. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Penicillin Production ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Rabbit Skin

An antibiotic substance biologically resembling penicillin G was produced by the growth ofTrichophyton mentagrophytesvar.erinacei, T. mentagrophytes var. granulareandT. mentagrophytesvar.interdigitalein Sabouraud's dextrose broth. An antibiotic concentration equivalent to 7 units/ml. penicillin G could be produced by var.erinaceiwhen grown in a suitable nutrient medium.Epidermophyton floccosumalso produced a substance which inhibited the growth of the Oxford staphylococcus. However, this substance was not completely inactivated by penicillinase. Noin vitroantibiotic production could be demonstrated withT. rubrum, T. concentricum, T. terrestreorMicrosporum canis.Penicillin production could be demonstrated in rabbit skin infected with T. ment-agrophytes var. erinacei. Pathogenic staphylococci falling on a var. erinacei guinea-pig lesion increased rapidly in the ringworm tissue. The inhibiting concentration of penicillin G for such staphylococci was shown to increase from 5·0 µg./ml. to above 20·0 µg./ml. as the ringworm progressed.The presence ofT. mentagrophytesvar.erinaceiin a high percentage of hedgehogs is considered the main reason why the skin is the primary site of staphylococcal multiplication in hedgehogs and why most of theStaphylococcias aureusstrains recoverable from these animals are penicillin resistant.

scholarly journals Atividades biológicas de espécies amazônicas de Rubiaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. O. MESQUITA ◽  
A. S. S. MESQUITA ◽  
L. M. C. CURSINO ◽  
E. S SOUZA ◽  
A. C. OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
U 661

RESUMORubiaceae é uma família botânica com grande potencial químico e biológico Neste trabalho realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica e avaliou-se as atividades citotóxica, antioxidante e antifúngica dos extratos diclorometânicos e metanólicos das folhas de Duroia saccifera, Ferdinandusa goudotiana, F. hirsuta, F. paraensis, Ferdinandusa sp., Palicourea corymbifera e P. guianensis. A avaliação da citotoxicidade foi realizada empregando-se o ensaio de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar utilizando-se os fungos: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis 32905, M. gipseum 29/00, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533/03, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, T. tonsurans 21/97, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, FusariumU. 662/06, Scytalidium U. 661/06, Candida albicans ATCC 3632 e C. albicans U. 5/99. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada através dos ensaios de redução do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazila (DPPH) e de descoloração do cátion radical ácido-6-sulfônico-2,2-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolina (ABTS). Para o ensaio de toxicidade sobre A. salina observou-se maior toxicidade no extrato metanólico de F. goudotiana, que se mostrou tóxico até a concentração de 5 µg mL-1. A presença de princípios antifúngicos foi observada em F. hirsuta e F. paraensiscontra quatro dos fungos testados. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante os extratos metanólicos mostraram maior atividade que os extratos diclorometânicos, sendo coincidente o resultado obtido através de ambos os métodos (redução do DPPH e descoloração do ABTS). Os resultados criam possibilidades para futuras investigações relacionadas à estrutura e atividade dos componentes de cada extrato ativo.

Pattern of dermatophyte in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Rummana Rahim ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Md. Muzibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Culture Positive

Dermatophytes are by far the most significant fungi because of their widespread involvement of population at large and their prevalence all over the world. This is an attempt to observe the spectrum of dermatophytes among the clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Three hundred and twenty clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were subjected to mycological studies. One hundred and five cases (32.8%) were positive for fungus in direct microscopy while 97(30.3%) were culture positive. Tinea unguium was the most common clinical type encountered followed by tinea corporis. Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 1.54:1. Trichophyton rubrum 84(86.6%) was found common etiological dermatophyte species followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes 8(8.2%) and Epidermophyton floccosum 5(5.2%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19370 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 11-14

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives against the Causative Agents of Dermatomycosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene J. Martins ◽  
César A. Caneschi ◽  
Mônica P. Senra ◽  
Gustavo S. G. Carvalho ◽  
Adilson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Causative Agents

Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating dermatomycosis causing fungi. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against the dermatomycosis causing fungi. These derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed in terms of their activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Epidermophyton floccosum between concentrations 7.8 and 1,000 μg mL−1. Scanning electron micrographs were assessed for the active derivatives and reference drugs, and these micrographs revealed that new agents cause morphological changes in fungi. The derivatives HHP1, HHP3, and HHP4 revealed poor activity against the four fungal strains (MICs range 500–1000 μg mL−1). Compound HHP3 was found to be the best potential antifungal agent among those tested and was the most effective among all the active derivatives that caused morphological changes in the susceptible strains.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Eugenia umbelliflora against Dermatophytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina E. Machado ◽  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
Rosana C. B. Cruz ◽  
Christiane Meyre-Silva ◽  
Alexandre Bella Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Agar Dilution

Antifungal activities of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) were tested in vitro against a panel of standard and clinical isolates of human fungal pathogens (dermatophytes and opportunistic saprobes). Methanol extracts of leaves and fruits of E. umbelliflora were separately prepared and partitioned, to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions (Aq). Three compounds (1-3) were obtained from the DCM extract using chromatographic procedures. Antifungal assays were performed using agar dilution techniques. Both extracts (fruits and leaves), their DCM and EtOAc fractions, and compound 2 (betulin and betulinic acid) presented selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), with MIC values between 200 and 1000 μg/mL, and interestingly, inhibited 4/5 species with MIC values of ≤500 ≤g/mL. The aqueous fractions of fruits and leaves, and compounds 1 (α, β amyrin) and 3 (taraxerol) were inactive up to the maximum concentrations tested (1000 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Dermatophyte agents in the city of São Paulo, from 1992 to 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Augusta Vianna Chimelli ◽  
Alexandre de Abreu Sofiatti ◽  
Ricardo Spina Nunes ◽  
Jose Eduardo da Costa Martins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
The City

Dermatophytosis are superficial mycoses caused by fungi that can invade stratum corneum and keratinized tissues. In order to study the frequency of dermatophytes species and the clinical manifestations caused by these fungi, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, the authors analyzed cultures isolated at the Mycology Laboratory from a selected population (15,300 out-patients of the Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo) from January 1992 to June 2002. The most prevalent dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum (48.7%), followed by Microsporum canis (20.9%), Trichophyton tonsurans (13.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.7%), Epidermophyton floccosum (4.1%), and Microsporum gypseum (2.5%). These agents determined more than one clinical manifestation, i.e., tinea corporis (31.5%), tinea capitis (27.5%), tinea unguium (14.8%), tinea cruris (13.9%), tinea pedis (9.9%), and tinea manuum (1.9%). Clinical variants of dermatophytosis and their relationship to the etiologic agents were studied and the results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in other regions of Brazil and in other countries.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas a los antifúngicos

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Beda E. Mereles Rodríguez ◽  
Jacqueline N. Fiedler ◽  
Azucena Bruquetas ◽  
Miriam E. Chade
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum

Los dermatofitos causan infecciones que en ocasiones no responden adecuadamente al tratamiento antifúngico implementado, sin embargo, se han publicado muy pocos estudios de sensibilidad a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro, la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas frente a tres antifúngicos de uso habitual. Se trabajó con 50 cepas de las especies: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton tonsurans y Epidermophyton floccosum. Los antifúngicos probados fueron terbinafina, itraconazol y fluconazol. Para el estudio de la sensibilidad se desarrolló la técnica de microdilución en caldo según el documento M38-3ra ed. del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. El inóculo fue ajustado a 103 UFC/ml. Se incubaron a 35° C con lecturas diarias hasta las 96 horas. Terbinafina fue la de mayor actividad antifungica (CIM entre 0,03 y 0,50 μg/ml), seguida por itraconazol (CIM entre 0,12 y 4 μg/ml). Fluconazol mostró la menor actividad antifúngica (CIM de 8 a > 64 μg/ml). Se concluye que la terbinafina presenta la mayor actividad antifúngica in vitro frente a las cepas de dermatofitos estudiadas.

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