scholarly journals Microbiota Associated with Different Developmental Stages of the Dry Rot Fungus Serpula lacrymans

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Julia Embacher ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Susanne Zeilinger ◽  
Martin Kirchmair
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Fungal Interactions

The dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans causes significant structural damage by decaying construction timber, resulting in costly restoration procedures. Dry rot fungi decompose cellulose and hemicellulose and are often accompanied by a succession of bacteria and other fungi. Bacterial–fungal interactions (BFI) have a considerable impact on all the partners, ranging from antagonistic to beneficial relationships. Using a cultivation-based approach, we show that S. lacrymans has many co-existing, mainly Gram-positive, bacteria and demonstrate differences in the communities associated with distinct fungal parts. Bacteria isolated from the fruiting bodies and mycelia were dominated by Firmicutes, while bacteria isolated from rhizomorphs were dominated by Proteobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were less abundant. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that bacteria were not present biofilm-like, but occurred as independent cells scattered across and within tissues, sometimes also attached to fungal spores. In co-culture, some bacterial isolates caused growth inhibition of S. lacrymans, and vice versa, and some induced fungal pigment production. It was found that 25% of the isolates could degrade pectin, 43% xylan, 17% carboxymethylcellulose, and 66% were able to depolymerize starch. Our results provide first insights for a better understanding of the holobiont S. lacrymans and give hints that bacteria influence the behavior of S. lacrymans in culture.

scholarly journals Bacterial community associated with the dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans is dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Embacher ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Susanne Zeilinger ◽  
Martin Kirchmair
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

AbstractThe dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans causes enormous structural damage by decaying construction timber thereby resulting in tremendous financial loss. Dry-rot fungi decompose cellulose and hemicellulose and, if the wood remains wet, are often accompanied by a succession of bacteria and other fungi. Bacterial-fungal interactions have considerable impact on all interaction partners ranging from antagonistic to beneficial relationships. However, little is known about possible interaction partners of S. lacrymans. Here we show that S. lacrymans has many co-existing, mainly Gram-positive bacteria. By investigating differences in the bacterial community associated with fruiting bodies, mycelia and rhizomorphs, we provide evidence of preferential colonization of S. lacrymans tissues by certain bacterial phyla. Bacteria isolated from fruiting bodies and mycelia were dominated by Firmicutes, while bacteria isolated from rhizomorphs were dominated by Proteobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found in lower abundances. In situ fluorescence hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that bacteria were not present biofilm-like, but occurred as independent cells, sometimes also attached to fungal spores. In co-culture, single bacterial isolates caused growth inhibition of S. lacrymans and vice versa. Additionally, certain bacteria induced pigment production in the fungus. Our results provide first insights for a better understanding of the holobiont S. lacrymans and give hints that bacteria are able to influence the behavior, e.g. growth and secondary metabolite production, of S. lacrymans in culture.ImportanceSerpula lacrymans is a very effective dry-rot causing fungus, specialized in degradation of coniferous timber in houses. The initial colonization is favored by water damage, and after establishment, the fungus starts to destruct cellulose and hemicellulose. It is among the most feared wood-rotting fungi in the built environment as the remediation of S. lacrymans damaged buildings is expensive and tedious. After improper renovation, the possibility of a recolonization by S. lacrymans is likely. As bacteria influence fungal establishment on wood, the need to investigate the bacterial community associated with S. lacrymans is apparent. The significance of our research is in identifying and characterizing bacteria associated with S. lacrymans. This will allow the assessment of their influence on fungal life style, leading to a broader understanding of the properties that make S. lacrymans so extraordinarily aggressive at decaying wood compared to other indoor wood destroyers.

scholarly journals Use of thermal analysis for the detection of calcium oxalate in selected forms of plastering exposed to the effects of Serpula lacrymans

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Drahomíra Cígler Žofková ◽  
Jiří Frankl ◽  
Dita Frankeová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Comparative Measurement ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Control Samples

The article discusses the interaction of metabolic products of a wood-destroying fungus of the dry rot species (Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen) P. Karst.) with a commonly used lime mortar. Mortar samples used in the presented experiment were made mostly in laboratory conditions so as to make it possible to set input conditions and to determine initial properties of the examined samples. Matured lime mortar samples were placed in cultivation boxes with a growth of Serpula lacrymans and exposed to its action for a predetermined period of time. For a comparison, mortar samples taken “in situ” from real structures were also subjected to the experiment. The examined samples were subjected to a thermal analysis and a comparative measurement by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the measurement of infected samples were compared with the results obtained in the reference (control) samples. The experiment carried out was focused on assessing the presence of calcium oxalate, which is secreted into the surroundings of the mycelium during the active growing of Serpula lacrymans.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

Bio-P and non-bio-P bacteria identification by a novel microbial approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Bond ◽  
Jürg Keller ◽  
Linda L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
P Content ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Culturing bacteria from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has strongly implicated Acinetobacter with the process. However, using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) probing to analyse microbial populations, we have shown evidence opposing this widespread belief. We describe the phosphorus (P) removing performance and microbial population analyses of sludges obtained in a laboratory scale EBPR reactor. Two sludges with extremely high P removing capabilities were examined, the P content of these sludges was 8.6% (P sludge) and 12.3% (S sludge) of the MLSS. Identification of bacteria using FISH probing indicated both sludges were dominated by microbes from the beta proteobacteria and high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria. Acinetobacter could make up only a small proportion of the cells in these sludges. Sludge with extremely poor P removal (P content of 1.5%, referred to as T sludge) was then generated by reducing the P in the influent. Bacteria resembling the G-bacteria became abundant in this sludge and these were identified using FISH probing. The anaerobic transformations of the T and P sludges correlated well with that of the non-EBPR and EBPR biological models respectively, indicating that bacteria in the T sludge have the potential to inhibit P removal in EBPR systems.

scholarly journals Jacobsen syndrome and neonatal bleeding: report on two unrelated patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Serra ◽  
Luigi Memo ◽  
Vincenzo Antona ◽  
Giovanni Corsello ◽  
Valentina Favero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Jacobsen Syndrome ◽  
Contiguous Gene ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
11Q Deletion

Abstract Introduction In 1973, Petrea Jacobsen described the first patient showing dysmorphic features, developmental delay and congenital heart disease (atrial and ventricular septal defect) associated to a 11q deletion, inherited from the father. Since then, more than 200 patients have been reported, and the chromosomal critical region responsible for this contiguous gene disorder has been identified. Patients’ presentation We report on two unrelated newborns observed in Italy affected by Jacobsen syndrome (JBS, also known as 11q23 deletion). Both patients presented prenatal and postnatal bleeding, growth and developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphisms, multiple congenital anomalies, and pancytopenia of variable degree. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified a terminal deletion at 11q24.1-q25 of 12.5 Mb and 11 Mb, in Patient 1 and 2, respectively. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the parents documented a de novo origin of the deletion for Patient 1; parents of Patient 2 refused further genetic investigations. Conclusions Present newborns show the full phenotype of JBS including thrombocytopenia, according to their wide 11q deletion size. Bleeding was particularly severe in one of them, leading to a cerebral hemorrhage. Our report highlights the relevance of early diagnosis, genetic counselling and careful management and follow-up of JBS patients, which may avoid severe clinical consequences and lower the mortality risk. It may provide further insights and a better characterization of JBS, suggesting new elements of the genotype-phenotype correlations.

Treatment of Timber by Nanofiber Fabric with Biocide Compound

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rácová ◽  
Petra Hrochová ◽  
Pavla Ryparová
Keyword(s):  
Dry Rot ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Fungus Growth

Dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) is wood-decaying fungus. It grows frequently in our territory and it causes big damages on structures. Remediation of damaged structures is very difficult, sometimes impossible, therefore it is necessary to study preventive protection against dry rot fungus. PVA nanofibred fabrics with synthetic and natural biocidal additives were used for this experiment. Filter papers soaked in dopes with biocidal substances were other materials used for this experiment. Pieces of nanofiber fabrics and pieces of filter papers soaked in dopes were placed to Petri dishes with broth. Small cuts of dry rot fungus were placed around them. This experiment was performed in conditions, which promote the growth of dry rot fungus. Growth of dry rot fungus was studied.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): A useful diagnostic tool for childhood conjunctival melanoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110307
Author(s):  
Raquel María Moral ◽  
Carlos Monteagudo ◽  
Javier Muriel ◽  
Lucía Moreno ◽  
Ana María Peiró
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Conjunctival Melanoma ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
First Case

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma is extremely rare in children and has low rates of resolution. Definitive histopathological diagnosis based exclusively on microscopic findings is sometimes difficult. Thus, early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical case: We present the first case in which the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) diagnostic technique was applied to a 10-year-old boy initially suspected of having amelanotic nevi in his right eye. Based on the 65% of tumor cells with 11q13 (CCND1) copy number gain and 33% with 6p25 (RREB1) gain as measured by the FISH analysis, and on supporting histopathological findings, the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma could be made. Following a larger re-excision, adjuvant therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC), cryotherapy and an amniotic membrane graft, the patient has remained disease-free during 9 years of long-term follow-up. Case discussion: Every ophthalmologist should remember to consider and not forget the possibility of using FISH analyses during the differential diagnosis of any suspicious conjunctival lesions. Genetic techniques, such as FISH, have led to great advances in the classification of ambiguous lesions. Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing conjunctival melanoma in the pediatric population are needed to determine the most appropriate strategy for this age group.

scholarly journals Identification, Expression and Evolution of Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4201
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Lang Xie ◽  
Shuqing Zheng ◽  
Baoyue Lu ◽  
Wenjing Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Tandem Duplications

The short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) superfamily is involved in multiple physiological processes. In this study, genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of SDR superfamily were carried out in 29 animal species based on the latest genome databases. Overall, the number of SDR genes in animals increased with whole genome duplication (WGD), suggesting the expansion of SDRs during evolution, especially in 3R-WGD and polyploidization of teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that vertebrates SDRs were clustered into five categories: classical, extended, undefined, atypical, and complex. Moreover, tandem duplication of hpgd-a, rdh8b and dhrs13 was observed in teleosts analyzed. Additionally, tandem duplications of dhrs11-a, dhrs7a, hsd11b1b, and cbr1-a were observed in all cichlids analyzed, and tandem duplication of rdh10-b was observed in tilapiines. Transcriptome analysis of adult fish revealed that 93 SDRs were expressed in more than one tissue and 5 in one tissue only. Transcriptome analysis of gonads from different developmental stages showed that expression of 17 SDRs were sexually dimorphic with 11 higher in ovary and 6 higher in testis. The sexually dimorphic expressions of these SDRs were confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) and qPCR, indicating their possible roles in steroidogenesis and gonadal differentiation. Taken together, the identification and the expression data obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of SDR superfamily evolution and functions in teleosts.

Laboratory Testing for HER2/neu in Breast Carcinoma: An Evolving Strategy to Predict Response to Targeted Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils M. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Testing Strategies

Background Laboratory testing of HER2/neu in breast carcinoma has become vital to patient care following the approval of trastuzumab as the first therapy to target the HER2/neu oncoprotein. Initial clinical trials used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test for HER2/neu overexpression in order to select patients for therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which tests for gene amplification, is more specific and sensitive than IHC when either assay is compared with HER2/neu overexpression as determined by Northern or Western blot analysis. Many weak overexpressors on IHC testing are not gene amplified on FISH analysis. Such weak overexpressors may be considered false-positives and raise the question of how best to test for HER2/neu. Methods The literature was surveyed regarding testing for HER2/neu overexpression in breast carcinomas and alternative testing strategies. Results False-positive results are a significant problem when IHC is exclusively used to test for HER2/neu overexpression. The false-positives are overwhelmingly confined to the group of 2+ positives and do not respond to targeted therapy. In contrast, concordance between IHC and FISH is high when immunostaining is interpreted as either negative or strongly positive (3+). Whereas some recent studies have suggested that FISH may better predict response to anti-HER2/neu therapy than IHC, others have indicated that IHC is as effective a predictor as FISH. IHC is less technically demanding and costly than FISH. Conclusions IHC analysis of HER2/neu in breast carcinoma is a useful predictor of response to therapy with trastuzumab when strongly positive. Negative immunostaining is highly concordant with a lack of gene amplification by FISH. Most weakly positive overexpressors are false-positives on testing with FISH. Thus, screening of breast carcinomas with IHC and confirmation of weakly positive IHC results by FISH is an effective evolving strategy for testing HER2/neu as a predictor of response to targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Break–apart interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in papillary thyroid carcinoma: on the road to optimizing the cut-off level for RET/PTC rearrangements

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Colato ◽  
Caterina Vicentini ◽  
Silvia Cantara ◽  
Serena Pedron ◽  
Paolo Brazzarola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
On The Road

ObjectiveChromosomal rearrangements of theRETproto-oncogene is one of the most common molecular events in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, their pathogenic role and clinical significance are still debated. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement in a cohort ofBRAFWT PTCs by fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) and to search a reliable cut-off level in order to distinguish clonal or non-clonal RET changes.DesignFortyBRAFWT PTCs were analyzed by FISH for RET rearrangements. As controls, sixBRAFV600E mutated PTCs, 13 follicular adenomas (FA), and ten normal thyroid parenchyma were also analyzed.MethodsWe performed FISH analysis on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using a commercially available RET break–apart probe. A cut-off level equivalent to 10.2% of aberrant cells was accepted as significant. To validate FISH results, we analyzed the study cohort by qRT-PCR.ResultsSplit RET signals above the cut-off level were observed in 25% (10/40) of PTCs, harboring a percentage of positive cells ranging from 12 to 50%, and in one spontaneous FA (1/13, 7.7%). Overall, the data obtained by FISH matched well with qRT-PCR results. Challenging findings were observed in five cases showing a frequency of rearrangement very close to the cut-off.ConclusionsFISH approach represents a powerful tool to estimate the ratio between broken and non-broken RET tumor cells. Establishing a precise FISH cut-off may be useful in the interpretation of the presence of RET rearrangement, primarily when this strategy is used for cytological evaluation or for targeted therapy.

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