scholarly journals Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma asperellum Confer Growth Promotion and Protection against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Ofir Degani ◽  
Onn Rabinovitz ◽  
Paz Becher ◽  
Asaf Gordani ◽  
Assaf Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Lower Stem

Late wilt disease (LWD) of maize, caused by Magnaporthiopsis maydis, is considered a major threat to commercial fields in Israel, Egypt, Spain, and India. Today’s control methods include chemical and agronomical intervention but rely almost solely on resistant maize cultivars. In recent years, LWD research focused on eco-friendly biological approaches to restrain the pathogen. The current study conducted during two growing seasons explores the potential of three Trichoderma species as bioprotective treatments against LWD. These species excelled in preliminary assays performed previously under controlled conditions and were applied here in the field by directly adding them to each seed with the sowing. In the first field experiment, Trichoderma longibrachiatum successfully rescued the plants’ growth indices (weight and height) compared to T. asperelloides and the non-treated control. However, it had no positive effect on yield and disease progression. In the subsequent season, this Trichoderma species was tested against T. asperellum, an endophyte isolated from susceptible maize cultivar. This experiment was conducted during a rainy autumn season, which probably led to a weak disease burst. Under these conditions, the plants in all treatment groups were vivid and had similar growth progression and yields. Nevertheless, a close symptoms inspection revealed that the T. longibrachiatum treatment resulted in a two-fold reduction in the lower stem symptoms and a 1.4-fold reduction in the cob symptoms at the end of the seasons. T. asperellum achieved 1.6- and 1.3-fold improvement in these parameters, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR tracking of the pathogen in the host plants’ first internode supported the symptoms’ evaluation, with 3.1- and 4.9-fold lower M. maydis DNA levels in the two Trichoderma treatments. In order to induce LWD under the autumn’s less favorable conditions, some of the plots in each treatment were inoculated additionally, 20 days after sowing, by stabbing the lower stem section near the ground with a wooden toothpick dipped in M. maydis mycelia. This infection method overrides the Trichoderma roots protection and almost abolishes the biocontrol treatments’ protective achievements. This study suggests a biological Trichoderma-based protective layer that may have significant value in mild cases of LWD.

scholarly journals Observed and estimated leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josana Andreia Langner ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
Stefanía Dalmolin da Silva ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Leaf Appearance

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the simulations of leaf appearance of landrace and improved maize cultivars using the CSM-CERES-Maize (linear) and the Wang and Engel models (nonlinear). The coefficients of the models were calibrated using a data set of total leaf number collected in the 11/04/2013 sowing date for the landrace varieties ‘Cinquentinha’ and ‘Bico de Ouro’ and the simple hybrid ‘AS 1573PRO’. For the ‘BRS Planalto’ variety, model coefficients were estimated with data from 12/13/2014 sowing date. Evaluation of the models was with independent data sets collected during the growing seasons of 2013/2014 (Experiment 1) and 2014/2015 (Experiment 2) in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Total number of leaves for both landrace and improved maize varieties was better estimated with the Wang and Engel model, with a root mean square error of 1.0 leaf, while estimations with the CSM-CERES-Maize model had a root mean square error of 1.5 leaf.

Potential of a novel endophytic Bacillus velezensis in tomato growth promotion and protection against Verticillium wilt disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 104092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Dhouib ◽  
Imen Zouari ◽  
Dorra Ben Abdallah ◽  
Lassaad Belbahri ◽  
Wafa Taktak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Tomato Growth

scholarly journals Field performance of Trichoderma species against wilt disease complex of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Rhizoctonia solani

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujeebur Rahman KHAN ◽  
Shabbir ASHRAF ◽  
Farahnaz RASOOL ◽  
Khalid Mahmood SALATI ◽  
Fayaz Ahmad MOHIDDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Disease Complex

scholarly journals Efficacy of Rhizobacteria and Humic Acid for Controlling Fusarium Wilt Disease and Improvement of Plant Growth, Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters in Tomato

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Montaser F. Abdel-Monaim ◽  
Mohsen A. Abdel-Gaid ◽  
Magd El-Morsy A. El-Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Causal Pathogen

The effect of tomato seedling treated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains viz. Azotobacter sp. (AZM1),Bacillus cereus (BCM8), B. megaterium (BMM5) individually or combined with humic acid were evaluated for controlling wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, plant growth, fruit quantitative and qualitative (cv. Super Strain-B) during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons. Under greenhouse conditions, all treatments significantly reduced area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and increased plant height, fresh and dry weights of survival plants growing in pots infested with the causal pathogen compared with control. Combination treatments of humic acid with PGPR reduced significantly wilt incidence and increased plant height, fresh and dry weights of tomato plants comparing with the application of each of them alone. Under laboratory conditions, all PGPR strains and humic acid able to inhibited leaner growth of the causal pathogen with different degrees and PGPR strains were more active than humic acid in this respect.  Under field conditions, all PGPR stains individually or combined with humic acid significantly reduced AUDPC and improved plant growth (plant height, number of branches plant -1) quantitative (number of fruits plant  -1, fruit weight plant -1, fruit weight, fruit yield fed.  -1, Number of fruit Kg  -1) and qualitative (degree of   fruit’s color, fruit diameters, firmness, fruit height, total soluble solids) parameters of tomato fruits compared with untreated plants (control) in both growing seasons. Combination treatments of humic acid with PGPR strains increase the effectiveness of them in this respect  more than   used alone.

scholarly journals Genetic progress, adaptability and stability of maize cultivars for value of cultivation and use trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42624
Author(s):  
Joaquim Vicente Uate ◽  
Joel Jorge Nunvuga ◽  
Carlos Pereira da Silva ◽  
Lauro Jose Moreira Guimarães ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Stability Estimates ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Maize breeding programs conduct multi-environment trials every year to assess the performance of new cultivars in pre-releasing tests. The data are combined across sites and seasons to perform a joint analysis in order to obtain information that will help breeders to select the best cultivars for different environments. Beyond this, it is essential to understand the different factors that can hamper the selection and genetic progress (i.e., genetic variability, selection intensity and genotype-by-environment interactions). In this study, the genetic progress (GP) was estimated and the adaptability and stability of 81 maize genotypes were evaluated in a series of trials for the value of cultivation and use (VCU) between the 2010/11 and 2014/15 growing seasons. The genotypes were composed of open-pollinated varieties, topcross hybrids, intervarietal hybrids, and single, double and three-way cross hybrids and were assessed in 117 environments in the central region of Brazil, from which 22 presented environmental stresses. For grain yield, an annual GP of 331.5 kg ha-1 was observed, thus showing efficiency in the selection of superior cultivars. Additionally, it was observed that some low-cost seed cultivars showed yield potential, adaptability and stability estimates that were compatible with commercial hybrids, thus making them quite attractive for cultivation in environments with or without abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Yield response of diallelic crossed maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes to varying nitrogen regimes in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
OB Bello ◽  
MS Afolabi ◽  
SA Ige ◽  
SY Abdulmaliq ◽  
MA Azeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farming System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties

Context: Development of early maturing maize cultivars that remain productive under low N fertilizer farming system, consistent with the farmers’ technologies is a prerequisite to improving adoption of new varieties without increasing production cost. Objective: To assess the performance of ten early open pollination maize varieties (OPVs) and their F1 hybrids for grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and also identify productive cultivars under low N fertilizer regimes. Materials and Methods: The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with three N fertilizer levels (0, 45 and 90 kg N ha-1) as main plot and the genotypes as sub-plot. Each plot within N level was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design of four replications. Ten OPVs were crossed in a half diallel to generate 45 F1 hybrids during 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Planting were carried out on 20th July, 2005 and 2nd July, 2006. Agronomic characters studied were grain yield, maize establishment count, days to 50% tasselling and silking as well as plant and ear heights. Results: The year 2005 growing season was better for all observed characters amongst all the genotypes than the year 2006. Although, expressions of these traits in the hybrids were relatively higher than the OPVs including the grain yield. The total increase in grain yield observed was 1.72 t ha-1 and 1.95 t ha-1 for OPVs and hybrids respectively on application of 90 kg ha-1 over no N-application. However, NUE was optimum at 45 kg N ha-1 in both groups. Grain yield and NUE correlated positively with growth characters measured except for days to 50% silking. Higher genetic gains were recorded for plant and ear heights. Conclusion: Two drought tolerant varieties (Acr 90 Pool 16-Dt and Tze Comp3 Dt) that combined well with specific cultivars for grain yield and NUE probably have gene pools for low N-tolerance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13000 J. bio-sci. 19 43-52, 2011

scholarly journals Yielding of two types of maize cultivars in relation to selected agrotechnical factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jagła ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Clear Result ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Np Fertilizer

The study presents the results of field experiments, the aim of which was to assess the yield of maize cultivars with different genetic profiles depending on the method of soil preparation for sowing and the method of NP fertilizer application. The yield and water content in the grain were significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn ploughing), stay-green type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize yielding. The stay-green cultivar yielded at a higher level compared to the fast maturing cultivar, the difference being significant in the year characterized by unfavourable distribution (deficit) of precipitation in the growing season. The stay-green cultivar reacted favourably to the localized application of NP fertilizer, the clear result of which was the increase in grain yield. Direct maize sowing significantly reduced the number of production ears per surface area unit and the number of grains on the ear. Selection of the stay-green cultivar and row fertilization with NP fertilizer improved this condition.  

scholarly journals Influence of row spacing reduction on maize grain yield in regions with a short summer

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Pedro Canísio Heberle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Response

The interest in reducing maize row spacing in the short growing season regions of Brazil is increasing due to potential advantages such as higher radiation use efficiency. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of row spacing reduction on grain yield of different maize cultivars planted at different dates. The trial was conducted in Lages, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during 1996/97 and 1997/98 growing seasons, in a split-split plot design. Early (October 1st) and normal (November 15) planting dates were tested in the main plot; two morphologically contrasting cultivars (an early single-cross and a late double-cross hybrids) were evaluated in the split plots and three row widths (100, 75 and 50 cm) were studied in the split-split plots. The reduction of row spacing from 100 to 50 cm increased linearly maize grain yield. The yield edge provided by narrow rows was higher when maize was sown earlier in the season. Differences in hybrid cycle and plant architecture did not alter maize response to the reduction of row spacing.

Yield Gain and Risk Minimization in Maize (Zea Mays) through Cultivar Mixtures in Semi-arid Zones of the Rift Valley in Ethiopia

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amede Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThe effect of mixtures of cultivars on yield and risk distribution in four maize cultivars grown at four different population levels was studied in semi-arid environments in Ethiopia. Mixtures yielded between 2 and 29% more than the pure stands, but late maturing pure stands produced more biomass than mixtures. Mixtures of cultivars with similar flowering periods yielded 60% more than the pure stands in dry growing seasons, but only 30% more when there was more rain. Yield gain was associated mainly with varietal synchrony of anthesis and silking. Mixtures composed of cultivars with different flowering times were less at risk from yield loss in the case of end-of-season drought and yielded 100% more than their late flowering component in pure stand. But in long growing seasons, with an early dry spell, pure stands of the late cultivar outyielded the mixtures whereas pure stands of the early flowering cultivars yielded less than the mixtures, except in years with a serious end-of-season drought. The results indicate that it would be profitable to grow mixtures in semi-arid regions if cultivars with similar height and synchronized flowering time were grown at populations of between 65 000 and 90 000 plants ha−1.

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