Isolation of Fungi from A Textile Industry Effluent and the Screening of Their Potential to Degrade Industrial Dyes

Six fungal strains were isolated from the textile industry effluent in which they naturally occur. Subsequently, the fungal strains were identified and characterized in order to establish their potential decolorizing effect on textile industry effluents. The strains of interest were selected based on their capacity to decolorize azo, indigo, and anthraquinone dyes. Three of the strains were identified as Emmia latemarginata (MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05) and the other three as Mucor circinelloides (MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06), while the efficiency of their decolorization of the dyes was determined on agar plate and in liquid fermentation. All the strains co-metabolized the dyes of interest, generating different levels of dye decolorization. Plate screening for lignin-degrading enzymes showed that the MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05 strains were positive for laccase and the MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06 strains for tyrosinase, while all strains were positive for peroxidase. Based on its decolorization capacity, the Emmia latemarginata (MAP03) strain was selected for the further characterization of its growth kinetics and ligninolytic enzyme production in submerged fermentation under both enzyme induction conditions, involving the addition of Acetyl yellow G (AYG) dye or wheat straw extract, and no-induction condition. The induction conditions promoted a clear inductive effect in all of the ligninolytic enzymes analyzed. The highest level of induced enzyme production was observed with the AYG dye fermentation, corresponding to versatile peroxidase (VP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP). The present study can be considered the first analysis of the ligninolytic enzyme system of Emmia latemarginata in submerged fermentation under different conditions. Depending on the results of further research, the fungal strains analyzed in the present research may be candidates for further biotechnological research on the decontamination of industrial effluents.

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Ligninolytic Enzyme Production and Decolorization Capacity of Synthetic Dyes by Saprotrophic White Rot, Brown Rot, and Litter Decomposing Basidiomycetes

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6040301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Ivana Eichlerová ◽

Petr Baldrian

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Production ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Dye Decolorization ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

White Rot ◽

Laccase Production ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Mn Peroxidase ◽

Taxonomic Groups

An extensive screening of saprotrophic Basidiomycetes causing white rot (WR), brown rot (BR), or litter decomposition (LD) for the production of laccase and Mn-peroxidase (MnP) and decolorization of the synthetic dyes Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was performed. The study considered in total 150 strains belonging to 77 species. The aim of this work was to compare the decolorization and ligninolytic capacity among different ecophysiological and taxonomic groups of Basidiomycetes. WR strains decolorized both dyes most efficiently; high decolorization capacity was also found in some LD fungi. The enzyme production was recorded in all three ecophysiology groups, but to a different extent. All WR and LD fungi produced laccase, and the majority of them also produced MnP. The strains belonging to BR lacked decolorization capabilities. None of them produced MnP and the production of laccase was either very low or absent. The most efficient decolorization of both dyes and the highest laccase production was found among the members of the orders Polyporales and Agaricales. The strains with high MnP activity occurred across almost all fungal orders (Polyporales, Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, and Russulales). Synthetic dye decolorization by fungal strains was clearly related to their production of ligninolytic enzymes and both properties were determined by the interaction of their ecophysiology and taxonomy, with a more relevant role of ecophysiology. Our screening revealed 12 strains with high decolorization capacity (9 WR and 3 LD), which could be promising for further biotechnological utilization.

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Screening of ligninolytic fungi for bioremediation of dyes

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.2.04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Seri Amelie Muliyadi ◽

Elida Tengku Zainal Mulok ◽

Noor Hana Hussein ◽

Rohana Mat Nor

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Dna Isolation ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Its Region ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Ligninolytic Fungi

Water pollution is a growing concern worldwide. One of the main causes of water pollution includes the textile industry which produces a large amount of wastewater every day. This wastewater is known to contain dyes that are recalcitrant and hard to treat. In order to solve this problem, bioremediation using ligninolytic fungi is commonly used for the ligninolytic enzymes which are able to break down the dyes. In this study, samples were collected from decaying woods and soils in the vicinity of UiTM Puncak Alam forests. A total of 20 fungal isolates were tested for ligninolytic enzyme production. Out of the 20 isolates, 13 were found to produce lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, but only one produced laccase. The isolate that produced all three enzymes was used for DNA isolation and identified using amplification of the ITS region by PCR. The isolate was identified as Trichoderma asperellum, a soft rot fungal species which is renowned for its role in bioremediation as a biosorbent.

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Bioremediation of Direct Blue 14 and Extracellular Ligninolytic Enzyme Production by White Rot Fungi:PleurotusSpp.

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/180156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. P. Singh ◽

S. K. Vishwakarma ◽

A. K. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Manganese Peroxidase ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Dye Decolorization ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

Enzymatic Activities ◽

White Rot ◽

Direct Blue

In the present investigation, four species of white rot fungi (Pleurotus), that is,P. flabellatus, P. florida, P. ostreatusandP. sajor-cajuwere used for decolorization of direct blue 14 (DB14). Among all four species ofPleurotus,P. flabellatusshowed the fastest decolorization in petri plates on different concentration, that is, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, and 600 mg/L. All these four species were also evaluated for extracellular ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and manganese peroxidase) production and it was observed that the twelve days old culture ofP. flabellatusshowed the maximum enzymatic activity, that is, 915.7 U/mL and 769.2 U/mL of laccase and manganese peroxidase, respectively. Other threePleurotusspecies took more time for dye decolorization and exhibited less enzymatic activities. The rate of decolorization of DB14 dye solution (20 mg/L) by crude enzymes isolated fromP. flabellatuswas very fast, and it was observed that up to 90.39% dye solution was decolorized in 6 hrs of incubation.

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Effect of medium pH and cultivation period on mycelial biomass, polysaccharide, and ligninolytic enzyme production by Ganoderma lucidum from Montenegro

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0603179v ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jelena Vukojevic ◽

Mirjana Stajic ◽

Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽

Jasmina Simonic

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽

Medium Ph ◽

Polysaccharide Production ◽

Intracellular Polysaccharide ◽

Maximal Production

The effect of initial medium pH on biomass, extracellular and intracellular polysaccharide, and ligninolytic enzyme production by Ganoderma lucidum was investigated at different pH values after 7 and 14 days of cultivation. Maximal production of biomass was recorded at pH 4.5 and 5.0; maximal production of extracellular polysaccharides at pH 7.0 and 3.0; and maximal production of intracellular polysaccharides at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Ligninolytic enzymes were not produced at any pH of the medium. Maximal biomass production was obtained on the 11th day of cultivation; maximal extracellular polysaccharide production on the 7th day; and maximal intracellular polysaccharide production on the 6th and 10th day of cultivation. .

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Characterization of ligninolytic enzyme production in white-rot wild fungal strains suitable for kraft pulp bleaching

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-017-0968-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rosa María Damián-Robles ◽

Agustín Jaime Castro-Montoya ◽

Jaime Saucedo-Luna ◽

Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas ◽

Marina Arredondo-Santoyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Production ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

White Rot ◽

Pulp Bleaching ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Kraft Pulp Bleaching

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Carbon and Nitrogen Sources Effect on Pectinase Synthesis by Aspergillus niger Under Submerged Fermentation

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 185-195

Author(s):

Gousiya Begum ◽

Srinivas Munjam

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Submerged Fermentation ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Maximum Production ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Enhanced Production

Pectinases are the commercial enzymes that are abundantly employed in various industries like fruit juice industries for clarification, wine indutsry and paper industry for bleaching up pulp. The present work was done on culture conditions optimization for production of pectinases under submerged fermentation using wheat bran as a substrate. Fungal strains were isolated from vegetable waste dump yard soils of Warangal district of Telangana state and screened for their activity on pectin agar medium. Among 30 isolates, two fungal strains showed good activity and identified them as A. niger and A. flavus. The effects of the different carbon and nitrogen sources on pectinases viz. exo-PG, endo-PG, endo-PL and PME by A. niger with 1% wheat bran was carried out in submerged fermentation. These studies revealed that carbon and nitrogen sources have shown considerable influence on enzyme production. Among all the carbon sources tried, sucrose at 1% was shown to be efficient carbon source for all four types of pectinases under investigation. For endo-PG, endo-PL and PME maximum enzyme production were recorded on 8th day of incubation period but for exo-PG enhanced production was observed on 12th day. A. niger could not produce PME on 12th day from 2.50% to subsequent concentrations. Among nine different nitrogen sources were screened, maximum pectinase production was recorded in sodium nitrate at 0.2 % for A. niger. Endo-PG, endo-PL and PME maximum production were recorded on 8th day of incubation and for exo-PG maximum production was observed on 12th day. No PME production was observed in A. niger on 12th day.

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Decolourization of congo red synthetic dyes by dark septate endophytes

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 948 (1) ◽

pp. 012073

Author(s):

I Melati ◽

G Rahayu ◽

Surono ◽

H Effendi ◽

C Henny

Keyword(s):

Congo Red ◽

Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

Dark Septate Endophytes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

First Report ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Dye Decolourization

Abstract The use of fungi is known to be an eco-friendly and cost-competitive approach to degrade synthetic dyes such as Congo Red (CR) in industrial effluents. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) fungi in decolourizing CR synthetic dyes. Two DSE strains, namely CPP and KSP, were studied to decolourize 50 mgL−1 CR based on the capability to produce the ligninolytic enzyme, dye decolourization efficiency, decolourization index, and fungal dry biomass weight after 7 and 14 days of incubation. CR decolourization was monitored spectrophotometry at 495 nm. The result indicated that CPP and KSP were successfully decolourized CR dye up to 97.00% and 85.00%, respectively, with decolourization index of 1.37 and 1.36 within 14 days. There is no significant difference in DSE growth with and without the addition of CR dye. In addition, these two DSE fungi (CPP and KSP) are able to produce ligninolytic enzymes. The results indicated that the DSE are potential to be used as decolourization agents for azo synthetic dyes. This is the first report on the ability of DSE to decolourize azo synthetic dyes.

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Biodegradation of Basic Yellow Auramine- O Dye using Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Textile Industry Effluent

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1571-1576

Author(s):

Anil R. Shet

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Dye Decolorization ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Auramine O ◽

Industry Effluent

Due to the increased use of synthetic dyes in various industries, there is an increased disposal of wastewater containing harmful dyes. These, in turn, have affected plants, animals, and humans. The physical and chemical methods of dye decolorization have failed to degrade the synthetic dyes in industrial effluents completely. The microbial decolorization is better due to its versatility, dynamic metabolism, and potential machinery of enzymes. This study aimed to degrade basic yellow dye auramine O by bacteria isolated from textile industry effluent. In this regard, five bacterial strains were isolated and screened from a soil sample taken from textile industry effluent. The initial physical and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates 1 and 2 indicated catalase test-positive, starch test-negative, motility agar test-negative, gram staining test-positive, and morphology-bacillus. The bacterial isolates 3, 4, and 5 indicated oxidase test-negative, urease test-positive, gram staining test-negative, and morphology-staphylococcus. All the isolates were further subjected to a screening test, where isolate 5 showed maximum dye decolorization of 98.9% in 96 h. The biodegradation of dye was optimized for different values of initial pH (4-10), inoculum size (2% -10%), initial dye concentration (50 mgL-1 to400 mgL-1), carbon source (glucose, fructose, xylose, starch and lactose) and nitrogen source (peptone, ammonium sulphate, yeast extract, ammonium nitrate and urea). Maximum dye decolorization was observed for initial dye concentration of 200 mgL-1, initial pH of 6, inoculum size of 10%, yeast extract as nitrogen source, and glucose as carbon source. Therefore, dye degradation by bacteria can be used as a potential method for auramine O dye treatment.

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