scholarly journals Investigating Candida glabrata Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Mice Using Bioluminescence Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Sanne Schrevens ◽  
Dominique Sanglard
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Bioluminescence Imaging ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are quite common and mainly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, when patients have urinary catheters, fungal infections comprise up to 15% of these types of infections. Moreover, fungal UTIs have a high mortality, due to rapid spreading of the fungi to the kidneys. Most fungal UTIs are caused by Candida species, among which Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are the most common. C. glabrata is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast, phylogenetically quite close to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Even though it is commonly isolated from the urinary tract and rapidly acquires resistance to antifungals, its pathogenesis has not been studied extensively in vivo. In vivo studies require high numbers of animals, which can be overcome by the use of non-invasive imaging tools. One such tool, bioluminescence imaging, has been used successfully to study different types of C. albicans infections. For C. glabrata, only biofilms on subcutaneously implanted catheters have been imaged using this tool. In this work, we investigated the progression of C. glabrata UTIs from the bladder to the kidneys and the spleen. Furthermore, we optimized expression of a red-shifted firefly luciferase in C. glabrata for in vivo use. We propose the first animal model using bioluminescence imaging to visualize C. glabrata in mouse tissues. Additionally, this UTI model can be used to monitor antifungal activity in vivo over time.

Bioluminescence imaging enables the study of bladder hyperreflexia during urinary tract infections in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S201-S202
Author(s):  
N. Luyts ◽  
H. De Bruyn ◽  
M. Vanneste ◽  
G. Vande Velde ◽  
T. Voets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bioluminescence Imaging ◽  
Tract Infections

Update on the Treatment of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 738-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Tract Infections

The treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a complex problem for the clinical practitioner. An understanding of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo biological activity of antimicrobial agents is needed, as is an understanding of the variables that may influence patient compliance with medication regimens. Although UTIs are usually treated for 10 to 14 days, shorter treatment schedules of seven to ten days or even single-dose regimens are possible. Guidelines for the treatment of UTIs are presented along with suggestions for increased patient compliance.

scholarly journals Quinolones for the Treatment ofNeisseria GonorrhoeaeandChlamydia Trachomatis

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Faro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

The most commonly sexually transmitted bacteria areNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatis.The quinolones ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin have been shown to have activity against both of these bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Ofloxacin is particularly well suited for the treatment ofN. gonorrhoeaeandC. trachomatiscervical infection, which can be considered the earliest manifestation of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Not only can ofloxacin be effectively used as a single agent, it is also useful in treating urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. Although it has moderate activity against anaerobes in general, ofloxacin does have activity against the anaerobes commonly isolated from female patients with soft tissue pelvic infections. Thus, ofloxacin has the potential for being utilized to treat early salpingitis.

FimH Antagonists for the Oral Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: From Design and Synthesis to in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 8627-8641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Klein ◽  
Daniela Abgottspon ◽  
Matthias Wittwer ◽  
Said Rabbani ◽  
Janno Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Tract Infections

THE USE OF GAS-SENSOR ARRAYS TO DIAGNOSE URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASSILIS KODOGIANNIS ◽  
EDMUND WADGE
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Radial Basis Function Network ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Tract Infections

Sensorial analysis based on the utilisation of human senses, is one of the most important and straightforward investigation methods in food and chemical analysis. An electronic nose has been used to detect in vivo Urinary Tract Infections from 45 suspected cases that were sent for analysis in a UK Health Laboratory environment. These samples were analysed by incubation in a volatile generation test tube system for 4–5 h. The volatile production patterns were then analysed using an electronic nose system with 14 conducting polymer sensors. An intelligent model consisting of an odour generation mechanism, rapid volatile delivery and recovery system, and a classifier system based on learning techniques has been considered. The implementation of an Extended Normalised Radial Basis Function network with advanced features for determining its size and parameters and the concept of fusion of multiple classifiers dedicated to specific feature parameters has been also adopted in this study. The proposed scheme achieved a very high classification rate of the testing dataset, demonstrating in this way the efficiency of the proposed scheme compared with other approaches. This study has shown the potential for early detection of microbial contaminants in urine samples using electronic nose technology.

scholarly journals Peptidoglycan Sensing Prevents Quiescence and Promotes Quorum-Independent Colony Growth of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. DiBiasio ◽  
Hilary J. Ranson ◽  
James R. Johnson ◽  
David C. Rowley ◽  
Paul S. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of human urinary tract infections (UTIs), and many patients experience recurrent infection after successful antibiotic treatment. The source of recurrent infections may be persistent bacterial reservoirs in vivo that are in a quiescent state and thus are not susceptible to antibiotics. Here, we show that multiple UPEC strains require a quorum to proliferate in vitro with glucose as the carbon source. At low cell density, the bacteria remain viable but enter a quiescent, nonproliferative state. Of the clinical UPEC isolates tested to date, 35% (51/145) enter this quiescent state, including isolates from the recently emerged, multidrug-resistant pandemic lineage ST131 (i.e., strain JJ1886) and isolates from the classic endemic lineage ST73 (i.e., strain CFT073). Moreover, quorum-dependent UPEC quiescence is prevented and reversed by small-molecule proliferants that stimulate colony formation. These proliferation cues include d-amino acid-containing peptidoglycan (PG) tetra- and pentapeptides, as well as high local concentrations of l-lysine and l-methionine. Peptidoglycan fragments originate from the peptidoglycan layer that supports the bacterial cell wall but are released as bacteria grow. These fragments are detected by a variety of organisms, including human cells, other diverse bacteria, and, as we show here for the first time, UPEC. Together, these results show that for UPEC, (i) sensing of PG stem peptide and uptake of l-lysine modulate the quorum-regulated decision to proliferate and (ii) quiescence can be prevented by both intra- and interspecies PG peptide signaling. IMPORTANCE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). During pathogenesis, UPEC cells adhere to and infiltrate bladder epithelial cells, where they may form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) or enter a nongrowing or slowly growing quiescent state. Here, we show in vitro that UPEC strains at low population density enter a reversible, quiescent state by halting division. Quiescent cells resume proliferation in response to sensing a quorum and detecting external signals, or cues, including peptidoglycan tetra- and pentapeptides.

scholarly journals Role of Urinary Cathelicidin LL-37 and Human β-Defensin 1 in Uncomplicated Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1572-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Nielsen ◽  
Pia Dynesen ◽  
Preben Larsen ◽  
Lotte Jakobsen ◽  
Paal S. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTCathelicidin (LL-37) and human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) are important components of the innate defense in the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to characterize whether these peptides are important for developing uncomplicatedEscherichia coliurinary tract infections (UTIs). This was investigated by comparing urinary peptide levels of UTI patients during and after infection to those of controls, as well as characterizing the fecal flora of participants with respect to susceptibility to LL-37 andin vivovirulence. Forty-seven UTI patients and 50 controls who had never had a UTI were included. Participants were otherwise healthy, premenopausal, adult women. LL-37 MIC levels were compared for fecalE. coliclones from patients and controls and were also compared based on phylotypes (A, B1, B2, and D).In vivovirulence was investigated in the murine UTI model by use of selected fecal isolates from patients and controls. On average, UTI patients had significantly more LL-37 in urine during infection than postinfection, and patient LL-37 levels postinfection were significantly lower than those of controls. hBD-1 showed similar urine levels for UTI patients and controls. FecalE. coliisolates from controls had higher LL-37 susceptibility than fecal and UTIE. coliisolates from UTI patients.In vivostudies showed a high level of virulence of fecalE. coliisolates from both patients and controls and showed no difference in virulence correlated with the LL-37 MIC level. The results indicate that the concentration of LL-37 in the urinary tract and low susceptibility to LL-37 may increase the likelihood of UTI in a complex interplay between host and pathogen attributes.

Cephazolin Sodium—An In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of 100 Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Diana M. D. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Tract Infections

A random group of 100 patients in a general hospital were treated with cephazolin sodium for proven urinary tract infections. Sixty-six per cent had conditions predisposing to urinary tract infection. Under these somewhat difficult conditions the original infecting organism remained absent from the urine of 75 per cent of the 70 patients followed in the 3rd to 6th week period. This compares very favourably with response to other antimicrobial agents currently used in urinary tract infections.

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