scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata in Ibero-America

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Erick Martínez-Herrera ◽  
María Guadalupe Frías-De-León ◽  
Rigoberto Hernández-Castro ◽  
Eduardo García-Salazar ◽  
Roberto Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

In different regions worldwide, there exists an intra-and inter-regional variability in the rates of resistance to antifungal agents in Candida glabrata, highlighting the importance of understanding the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility profiles of C. glabrata in each region. However, in some regions, such as Ibero-America, limited data are available in this context. Therefore, in the present study, a systematic review was conducted to determine the antifungal resistance in C. glabrata in Ibero-America over the last five years. A literature search for articles published between January 2015 and December 2020 was conducted without language restrictions, using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases. The search terms that were used were “Candida glabrata” AND “antifungal resistance” AND “Country”, and 22 publications were retrieved from different countries. The use of azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) varied between 4.0% and 100%, and that of echinocandins (micafungin, caspofungin, and anidulafungin) between 1.1% and 10.0%. The limited information on this subject in the region of Ibero-America emphasizes the need to identify the pathogens at the species level and perform antifungal susceptibility tests that may lead to the appropriate use of these drugs and the optimal doses in order to avoid the development of antifungal resistance or multi-resistance.

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and their close-related species in oral candidiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Miranda-Cadena ◽  
Cristina Marcos-Arias ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
José Manuel Aguirre ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream yeasts isolated at a public children’s hospital in Brazil: comparison of the Etest® and the AFST–EUCAST microdilution method

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia E. Matsumoto ◽  
Amanda L.T. Dias ◽  
Márcia S.C. Melhem ◽  
Maria W. Szeszs ◽  
Marcos E. Auler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results from the proposed standard methods of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AFST–EUCAST) with the commercial system Etest® in the evaluation of susceptibility to flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B of 136 Candida spp. isolated from the blood of hospitalized children. The results presented a greater agreement among Etest® MICs ±2 log2 dilutions of AFST–EUCAST for fluconazole (98.1% and 96.3%) and voriconazole (100% and 100%) for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis . For Candida glabrata , the agreement was greater only for fluconazole (81.8%) and voriconazole (100%). For amphotericin B, the agreement between the methods was low for all species. The agreement percentage among the Etest® and AFST–EUCAST susceptibility profiles was high according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the M27-A2 protocol for the majority of the yeasts, except for fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida tropicalis and for itraconazole against C. glabrata and Candida krusei . According to both methodologies, a great number of Candida spp. isolates showed an in vitro susceptibility to all evaluated antifungal agents. Overall, both procedures can be reliable techniques for susceptibility tests of yeasts, but the assessment of interlaboratory agreement and correlation of MICs by different methods with in vivo response are of great importance.

scholarly journals Candida species cause vulvovaginitis and resistance to antifungals used for treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ((Supl. 1)) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Diogo Luan de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Cristina Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Dose Dependent

In this study were identified Candida species from vaginal secretion isolates, evaluated their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities, and correlated these features with antifungal agents prescribed for patients assisted in a primary care service. Species identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction showed that 36.5% of isolates were characterized as non-C. albicans species. In antifungal susceptibility tests most isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole, although between 40% and 50% of isolates show resistance or dose-dependent susceptibility to miconazole and nystatin, respectively. Analysis of drugs prescribed to patients revealed that 34.2% of the isolates were considered resistant to agents used in treatment. Several Candida species can cause vulvovaginitis and exhibit different susceptibility profiles to antifungal drugs used in treatment. The identification of Candida species is relevant and useful to the epidemiological management of infections. The antifungal susceptibility test may also be useful for choosing most effective drug treatment for each patient.

Antifungal susceptibility profile of invasive Candida glabrata isolates (2009–2020) from a tertiary care hospital laboratory in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Memon ◽  
Joveria Farooqi ◽  
Urooj Zafar ◽  
Syed Faheem Naqvi ◽  
Afia Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Susceptibility Data

Introduction. Invasive infections with Candida glabrata are a global concern due to poor clinical outcomes and propensity to acquire resistance to antifungal agents. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Monitoring emerging resistance and trends in Candida glabrata, an important agent of candidemia in Pakistan, is critical for patient management; data that is missing from Pakistan. Aim. Thus, this study evaluated antifungal resistance and MICs) distribution in invasive C. glabrata isolates from Pakistan. Methods. This cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted from January 2009 to March 2020 at a clinical laboratory in Pakistan that has a nation-wide network. Antifungal susceptibility data of 277 candidemia, deep organ and soft tissue (invasive) C. glabrata sensu lato isolates against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin and amphotericin B was retrieved. Susceptibility testing was performed using colorimetric broth microdilution and interpreted using CLSI criteria. Demographics, clinical history and outcome were studied. Chi-square test was used to demonstrate association between antifungal resistance and clinical characteristics of the patients. Results. We identified 277 patients with invasive C. glabrata infection. Of which 48 (18.4%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC ≥64 mg l−1), one isolate each was resistant to amphotericin (MIC=2 mg l−1), anidulafungin (MIC=1 mg l−1) and micafungin (MIC=0.5 mg l−1). MIC90 for fluconazole was 64 mg l−1 and other triazoles 2 mg l−1, caspofungin 0.12 mg l−1, anidulafungin 0.06 mg l−1, micafungin 0.03 mg l−1 and amphotericin 0.5 mg l−1. Fluconazole MIC ≥64 mg l−1, caspofungin MIC >0.06 mg l−1 and amphotericin MIC >0.25 mg l−1 (above MIC50) were significantly associated with patient being alive at the time of reporting, no use of healthcare devices, nor infection with other fungi. Fluconazole resistance was significantly associated with prior antifungal use by the patient. Conclusion. Surveillance data of antifungal resistance among common Candida species should be monitored closely for identification of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Sporothrix schenckii associated with armadillo hunting in Southern Brazil: epidemiological and antifungal susceptibility profiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Hartz Alves ◽  
Cecília Schubert Boettcher ◽  
Daniele Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Giordano Rafael Tronco-Alves ◽  
Maria Aparecida Sgaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

INTRODUCTION: Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis observed in Brazil and it is generally consequent to a little trauma caused by vegetal particles or spines which inoculate the fungi in the subcutaneous area. Although sporotrichosis had been frequently mentioned with armadillo hunting this form has not been widely reported in Brazil until now. In this study we report ten cases of sporotrichosis evolving the armadillo's hunting diagnosed in some towns located in the central and west regions of Rio Grande do Sul State. METHODS: The cases were established based on clinical and classic mycological laboratorial techniques. The susceptibility tests were conducted by microdilution technique according to M38-A2 CLSI documents. RESULTS: Ten cases of sporotrichosis associated with armadillo hunting detected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were diagnosed by mycological methods. The susceptibility tests of Sporothrix schenckii isolates to antifungal agents itraconazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine showed that all the isolates were susceptible. CONCLUSIONS: The paper discusses some cultural aspects related to hunting of this wild animal as well as possible causes of this unexpected occurrence in southern Brazil.

Conventional therapy and new antifungal drugs against Malassezia infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Rhimi ◽  
Bart Theelen ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Chioma Inyang Aneke ◽  
Domenico Otranto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Malassezia Spp ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT Malassezia yeasts are commensal microorganisms occurring on the skin of humans and animals causing dermatological disorders or systemic infections in severely immunocompromised hosts. Despite attempts to control such yeast infections with topical and systemic antifungals, recurrence of clinical signs of skin infections as well as treatment failure in preventing or treating Malassezia furfur fungemia have been reported most likely due to wrong management of these infections (e.g., due to early termination of treatment) or due to the occurrence of resistant phenomena. Standardized methods for in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests of these yeasts are still lacking, thus resulting in variable susceptibility profiles to azoles among Malassezia spp. and a lack of clinical breakpoints. The inherent limitations to the current pharmacological treatments for Malassezia infections both in humans and animals, stimulated the interest of the scientific community to discover new, effective antifungal drugs or substances to treat these infections. In this review, data about the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of the most commonly employed drugs (i.e., azoles, polyenes, allylamines, and echinocandins) against Malassezia yeasts, with a focus on human bloodstream infections, are summarized and their clinical implications are discussed. In addition, the usefulness of alternative compounds is discussed.

scholarly journals Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates Carrying CYP51A with TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I Substitutions Detected after Four-Year Retrospective Azole Resistance Screening in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Pontes ◽  
Caio Augusto Gualtieri Beraquet ◽  
Teppei Arai ◽  
Guilherme Leite Pigolli ◽  
Luzia Lyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

ABSTRACT Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a worldwide concern. As in most public hospitals in Brazil, antifungal susceptibility tests are not routinely performed for filamentous fungi at our institution. A 4-year retrospective azole antifungal resistance screening revealed two azole-resistant A. fumigatus clinical isolates carrying the CYP51A TR34 (34-bp tandem repeat)/L98H (change of L to H at position 98)/S297T/F495I resistance mechanism mutations, obtained from two unrelated patients. Broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing showed high MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and miconazole. Short tandem repeat (STR) typing analysis presented high levels of similarity between these two isolates and clinical isolates with the same mutations reported from the Netherlands, Denmark, and China, as well as environmental isolates from Taiwan. Our findings might indicate that active searching for resistant A. fumigatus is necessary. They also represent a concern considering that our hospital provides tertiary care assistance to immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to resistant environmental isolates. We also serve patients who receive prophylactic antifungal therapy or treatment for invasive fungal infections for years. In these two situations, isolates resistant to the antifungal in use may be selected within the patients themselves. We do not know the potential of this azole-resistant A. fumigatus strain to spread throughout our country. In this scenario, the impact on the epidemiology and use of antifungal drugs will significantly alter patient care, as in other parts of the world. In summary, this finding is an important contribution to alert hospital laboratories conducting routine microbiological testing to perform azole resistance surveillance and antifungal susceptibility tests of A. fumigatus isolates causing infection or colonization in patients at high risk for systemic aspergillosis.

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