Ionizing Radiation Protein Biomarkers in Normal Tissue and Their Correlation to Radiosensitivity: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Background: Radiosensitivity is a significantly enhanced reaction of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to ionizing radiation (IR). During radiotherapy, surrounding normal tissue radiosensitivity often limits the radiation dose that can be applied to the tumour, resulting in suboptimal tumour control or adverse effects on the life quality of survivors. Predicting radiosensitivity is a component of personalized medicine, which will help medical professionals allocate radiation therapy decisions for effective tumour treatment. So far, there are no reviews of the current literature that explore the relationship between proteomic changes after IR exposure and normal tissue radiosensitivity systematically. Objectives: The main objective of this protocol is to specify the search and evaluation strategy for a forthcoming systematic review (SR) dealing with the effects of in vivo and in vitro IR exposure on the proteome of human normal tissue with focus on radiosensitivity. Methods: The SR framework has been developed following the guidelines established in the National Toxicology Program/Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP/OHAT) Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment, which provides a standardised methodology to implement the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to environmental health assessments. The protocol will be registered in PROSPERO, an open source protocol registration system, to guarantee transparency. Eligibility criteria: Only experimental studies, in vivo and in vitro, investigating effects of ionizing radiation on the proteome of human normal tissue correlated with radio sensitivity will be included. Eligible studies will include English peer reviewed articles with publication dates from 2011–2020 which are sources of primary data. Information sources: The search strings will be applied to the scientific literature databases PubMed and Web of Science. The reference lists of included studies will also be manually searched. Data extraction and results: Data will be extracted according to a pre-defined modality and compiled in a narrative report following guidelines presented as a “Synthesis without Meta-analyses” method. Risk of bias: The risk of bias will be assessed based on the NTP/OHAT risk of bias rating tool for human and animal studies (OHAT 2019). Level of evidence rating: A comprehensive assessment of the quality of evidence for both in vivo and in vitro studies will be followed, by assigning a confidence rating to the literature. This is followed by translation into a rating on the level of evidence (high, moderate, low, or inadequate) regarding the research question. Registration: PROSPERO Submission ID 220064.

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Use of DIAGNOdent and VistaProof in diagnostic of Pre-Cavitated Caries Lesions—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽

José María Montiel-Company ◽

Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽

Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽

José Manuel Almerich-Silla

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Value ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Fail Safe ◽

Cavitated Lesions

Objective: To analyse the published evidence of the validity of DIAGNDOdent and VistaProof in diagnosing carious depths in pre-cavitated lesions. Material and methods: A systematic review was carried out after identifying a total of 184 articles, including 27 concerning the qualitative review and a subsequent meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: For DIAGNOdent, the sensitivity value was 0.77, the specificity value was 0.75 and AUC was 0.81 for the global meta-analyses. In relation to subgroups, the values estimated 0.85, 0.76 and 0.86, respectively, for the in vivo group and 0.71, 0.75 and 0.83 for the in vitro group. For VistaProof, sensitivity was 0.81, specificity 0.75 and AUC had a value of 0.80 in the global meta-analysis. For the subgroups, these were considered at 0.75, 0.81 and 0.89, respectively, for the in vivo group and 0.91, 0.74 and 0.76 for the in vitro group. Neither case presented publication bias when analysing the funnel plot, the classic fail-safe number and Egger’s intercept. Conclusion: Both VistaProof and DIAGNOdent are valid as they offer a moderate to high diagnostic effectiveness for dentine depth in pre-cavitated lesions.

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Safety Considerations for Thermoplastic-Type Appliances Used as Orthodontic Aligners or Retainers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and In-Vitro Research

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Iliadi ◽

Despina Koletsi ◽

Spyridon N. Papageorgiou ◽

Theodore Eliades

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Current Data ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

P Value ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Safety Considerations

Use of thermoplastic material in orthodontics, either as aligner or as retainer appliances, is common practice and is likely to increase in the years to come. However, no systematic assessment on safety considerations of these adjuncts has been implemented up to date. The aim of this systematic review was to collectively appraise the existing evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies, on whether these appliances are associated with any estrogenic/cytotoxic effects or bisphenol-A (BPA) and monomer leaching. Eight electronic databases were searched with no limits in December 22, 2019, for published and unpublished research. Eligibility criteria comprised of studies of any design, describing use of any type of thermoplastic aligner. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment was done independently, either in duplicate or confirmed by a second reviewer. Random effects meta-analyses of weighted mean differences (WMD) with associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were planned. Quality of the evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 58 articles were initially identified, while 5 were included in qualitative synthesis and 2 of those contributed to the quantitative syntheses. Four studies were in-vitro, while one was a randomized controlled trial; all assessed some type of orthodontic aligner or retainer, either as-received or retrieved. Risk of bias recordings ranged between unclear and high for all studies. Proliferation induction capacity of thermoplastic appliances’ eluents on MCF-7 cells failed to be confirmed compared to beta-estradiol (2 studies: 5% v/v, WMD: −182.08; 95% CI: −198.83, −165.33; p-value < 0.001; and 20% v/v, WMD: −184.53; 95% CI: −206.17, −162.88; p-value < 0.001). No cytotoxic activity was detected as well. In addition, although evidence from in-vitro studies was indicative of no traceable detection of BPA or other monomers, the findings from a single clinical trial were allied to increased levels of BPA in whole stimulated saliva, after up to 30 days of thermoplastic retainer usage, compared to standard Hawley retainer. The quality of the evidence overall was low to medium. Current data from in-vitro research are indicative of an absence of an estrogenic or cytotoxic effect of thermoplastic aligners or retainers. Regarding BPA or monomer release, evidence from clinical and laboratory studies appear inconsistent.

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Effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis: a systematic review protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-889593/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Izabela Zibetti Albuquerque ◽

Lusmaia Damaceno Camargo Costa ◽

Patrícia Marques Fortes ◽

Guilherme Matos Abe ◽

Paulo Sérgio Sucasas da Costa

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Clinical Effects

Abstract Background: Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease characterized by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for encoding the protein that regulates the function of chlorine and sodium channels in the cell membrane. The bioactive compound curcumin has shown modulating and restorative effects on sodium, chlorine and water transport, and seems to be a candidate to act in the expression of the function of the chlorine channels. The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate scientific evidence of molecular and clinical effects of curcumin in cell cultures, animals and subjects with cystic fibrosis.Methods: The search will be conducted in the following databases - MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Reviewers will select original intervention (in vitro and in vivo) and/or observational articles that analyzed the effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed by the Joana Briggs Institute's Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. The GRADE tool will be applied to grade the quality of evidence.Discussion: To date, no systematic reviews have been published that assessed molecular and clinical effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis. Upon completion of this systematic review, it is expected that the evidence found may contribute to the development of therapeutic formulations capable of modulating the function of the CFTR protein, restoring its properties, and contributing to the reduction of systemic clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021229294

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The Effectiveness of Nanoparticles on Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma Cells Apoptosis: A Systematic Review

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523221666210224110454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Firoozeh Alavian ◽

Sorayya Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Gene Therapies ◽

Gene Therapy Approach ◽

Therapy Studies ◽

Present Systematic Review

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and fatal type of glioma. Nanoparticles (NPs) are using new approaches for the delivery of gene therapy in the treatment of GBM. Introduction: This article was designed to review the efficacy of NPs as the targeted carriers in the gene therapy aimed at apoptosis in GBM. Method: The appropriate keywords such as nanoparticle, glioblastoma, gene therapy, apoptosis, and the related words were used to search from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant publications up to September 4, 2020, with no language restrictions. The present systematic review was performed based on PRISMA protocol and reviewed the articles evaluating the effects of nanoparticles, carriers of various gene therapies essentials, on GBM cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The selected articles were considered using specific scores on the quality of the articles. Data extraction and quality valuation were performed by two reviewers. Result: Of 101 articles retrieved, forty-two met the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, subjected to the final deduction. The most widely used NP in GBM gene therapy studies is polyamidoamine (PAMAM). The most common gene therapy approach for apoptosis in GBM is using siRNAs. Conclusions: In conclusion, these studies validated that NPs could be a practical choices to enhance the efficiency and specific delivery in gene therapies for GBM cell apoptosis. However, the choice of NP type and gene therapy mechanism affect the GBM cell apoptotic efficiency.

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School health assessment tools: a systematic review of measurement in primary schools

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9459 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9459

Author(s):

Maryam Kazemitabar ◽

Ali Moghadamzadeh ◽

Mojtaba Habibi ◽

Rezvan Hakimzadeh ◽

Danilo Garcia

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Primary Schools ◽

School Health ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Cosmin Checklist

Background This systematic review aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the school health’s assessment tools in primary schools through COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. We examined the studies that have addressed the measurement properties of school-health instruments to give a clear overview of the quality of all available tools measuring school health in primary schools. This systematic review was registered in PROPERO with the Registration ID: CRD42020158158. Method Databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, Wily, PROSPERO, and OpenGrey were systematically searched without any time limitation to find all full-text English journal articles studied at least one of the COSMIN checklist measurement properties of a school-health assessment tool in primary schools. The instruments should be constructed based on a school health model. The eligible studies were assessed by COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist to report their quality of methodology for each measurement property and for the whole study by rating high, moderate or low quality. Results At the final screening just seven studies remained for review. Four studies were tool development, three of them were rated as “adequate” and the other study as “very good”; five studies examined the content validity, three of them were appraised as “very good”, and the two remaining as “inadequate”. All seven studies measured structural validity, three of them were evaluated as “very good”, three other were scored as “adequate”, and the last study as “inadequate”. All the seven studies investigated the internal consistency, five of them were assessed as “very good”, one was rated as “doubtful”, and the last one as “inadequate”. Just one study examined the cross-cultural validity and was rated as “adequate”. Finally, all seven studies measured reliability, two of them were rated as “very good” and the rest five studies were appraised as “doubtful”. All rating was based on COSMIN checklist criteria for quality of measurement properties assessment. Conclusion The number of studies addressing school health assessment tools was very low and therefore not sufficient. Hence, there is a serious need to investigate the psychometric properties of the available instruments measuring school health at primary schools. Moreover, the studies included in the present systematic review did not fulfill all the criteria of the COSMIN checklist for assessing measurement properties. We suggest that future studies consider these criteria for measuring psychometric properties and developing school health assessment tools.

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Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.702487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Laeza Alves Sampaio ◽

Lícia Tairiny Santos Pina ◽

Mairim Russo Serafini ◽

Débora dos Santos Tavares ◽

Adriana Gibara Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Background: It is estimated that one in five people worldwide faces a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm during their lifetime. Carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, are natural compounds that act against several diseases, including cancer. Thus, this systematic review aimed to examine and synthesize the knowledge on the antitumor effects of carvacrol and thymol.Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs databases in April 2020 (updated in March 2021) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The following combination of health descriptors, MeSH terms and their synonyms were used: carvacrol, thymol, antitumor, antineoplastic, anticancer, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell proliferation, in vitro and in vivo. To assess the risk of bias in in vivo studies, the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool was used, and for in vitro studies, a modified version was used.Results: A total of 1,170 records were identified, with 77 meeting the established criteria. The studies were published between 2003 and 2021, with 69 being in vitro and 10 in vivo. Forty-three used carvacrol, 19 thymol, and 15 studies tested both monoterpenes. It was attested that carvacrol and thymol induced apoptosis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic activity, and also displayed different antiproliferative effects and inhibition of signaling pathways (MAPKs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR).Conclusions: Carvacrol and thymol exhibited antitumor and antiproliferative activity through several signaling pathways. In vitro, carvacrol appears to be more potent than thymol. However, further in vivo studies with robust methodology are required to define a standard and safe dose, determine their toxic or side effects, and clarify its exact mechanisms of action.This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020176736) and the protocol is available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=176736.

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Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vivo and in vitro: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13495/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xuandong Lin ◽

Xueling Ma ◽

Tengfei Zhong ◽

Fangfang Xie

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Average Surface Roughness ◽

Average Surface ◽

Casein Phosphopeptide

Abstract Abstract Background: This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) provided a remineralizing benefit superior to that of nonintervention or placebo. Methods: The Cochrane databases, PubMed, EmBase, and Ovid up to May, 2019, were scanned, with no restrictions. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished independently by two reviewers. The “Criteria for judging risk of bias in the ‘Risk of bias’ assessment tool” was used for methodological quality assessment. The continuous data was analyzed by mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Outcome variables include quantitative light-induced fluorescence in vivo, average surface roughness and surface microhardness in vitro. Results: There were significant differences in the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: [−0.79, −0.07], P = 0.02), average surface roughness (SMD = −8.21, 95% CI: [−10.37, −6.04], P < 0.01), Vickers microhardness (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: [0.72, 1.66], P < 0.01), and Knoop microhardness (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI: [2.68, 4.36], P < 0.01) between the CPP-ACP and control groups or baseline. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, CPP-ACP exhibited excellent remineralization effects evaluated in vivo and in vitro, indicating outstanding restoration of form, aesthetics, and function in treating white spot lesions.

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The Biological Effects of 3D Resins Used in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering9010015 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Inês Francisco ◽

Anabela Baptista Paula ◽

Madalena Ribeiro ◽

Filipa Marques ◽

Raquel Travassos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Systemic Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Orthodontic Devices

Three-dimensional (3D) resin medical-dental devices have been increasingly used in recent years after the emergence of digital technologies. In Orthodontics, therapies with aligners have gained popularity, mainly due to the aggressive promotion policies developed by the industry. However, their systemic effects are largely unknown, with few studies evaluating the systemic toxicity of these materials. The release of bisphenol A and other residual monomers have cytotoxic, genotoxic, and estrogenic effects. This systematic review aims to analyze the release of toxic substances from 3D resins used in Orthodontics and their toxic systemic effects systematically. The PICO question asked was, “Does the use of 3D resins in orthodontic devices induce cytotoxic effects or changes in estrogen levels?”. The search was carried out in several databases and according to PRISMA guidelines. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were included. The in vitro studies’ risk of bias was assessed using the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr. For the in vivo studies, the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used, and for the clinical studies, the Cochrane tool. A total of 400 articles retrieved from the databases were initially scrutinized. Fourteen articles were included for qualitative analysis. The risk of bias was considered medium to high. Cytotoxic effects or estrogen levels cannot be confirmed based on the limited preliminary evidence given by in vitro studies. Evidence of the release of bisphenol A and other monomers from 3D resin devices, either in vitro or clinical studies, remains ambiguous. The few robust results in the current literature demonstrate the absolute need for further studies, especially given the possible implications for the young patient’s fertility, which constitutes one of the largest groups of patients using these orthodontic devices.

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Correction of Thumb Duplication: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques

Journal of Hand and Microsurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1700445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 074-084

Author(s):

Robert Miller ◽

Alexandre Kaempfen ◽

Jamil Moledina ◽

Bran Sivakumar ◽

Gill Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Spare Parts ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Future Research ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Thumb Duplication ◽

Patient Reported

AbstractSurgical intervention for thumb duplication can be divided into three categories: simple excision of the accessory thumb, excision of the accessory thumb with reconstruction from available “spare parts,” and combining the two thumbs into one, as described by Bilhaut. This prospectively PROSPERO registered systematic review evaluates the overall, aesthetic and functional outcomes for the latter two options (reconstruction from spare parts vs. combining two thumbs into one), aiming to facilitate evidence-based decision making when addressing thumb duplication and direct future research. The review was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews and PRISMA statement. Embase, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched. Studies offering comparisons of techniques were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Intervention tool. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Ten retrospective observational studies were included. Data did not consistently allow analysis by procedure type. Four studies reported similar overall outcomes between techniques, while two specifically reported poor overall outcomes for the Bilhaut procedure. Two studies reported comparatively worse aesthetic outcomes for the Bilhaut procedure with four studies reporting comparatively improved functional outcomes for this procedure. Overall, interpretation of outcomes was challenging with no patient-reported outcome measures used. The quality of the evidence was universally “very low” due to all studies being at risk of methodological bias. Based on the available evidence, surgical techniques for thumb duplication correction appear comparable regarding overall outcome. There is limited evidence suggesting reconstruction with spare parts offers superior aesthetic outcomes at the expense of stability. The level of evidence is III.

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Extracellular Matrix Cartilage Allograft and Particulate Cartilage Allograft for Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee and Ankle Joints: A Systematic Review

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546517717494 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1758-1766 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dexter Seow ◽

Youichi Yasui ◽

Eoghan T. Hurley ◽

Andrew W. Ross ◽

Christopher D. Murawski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Bone Marrow Stimulation ◽

Marrow Stimulation ◽

Ankle Joints

Background: Extracellular matrix cartilage allografts (EMCAs) and particulate cartilage allografts (PCAs) are relatively new biologics that may improve the quality of cartilage regeneration after bone marrow stimulation. The increasing popularity of these novel biologics in the treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the knee and ankle joints prompts a systematic evaluation of their efficacies. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to clarify the effectiveness of EMCAs and PCAs on cartilage regeneration. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, IV. Methods: Two reviewers searched MEDLINE and Embase in February 2016 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Predetermined variables from each study were extracted and analyzed. Results: For EMCAs, 1 in vitro study and 2 clinical studies for OCLs of the ankle joint were found. For PCAs, 3 in vitro studies, 5 clinical studies for OCLs of the knee joint, and 5 clinical studies for OCLs of the ankle joint were found. For all studies, in vitro chondrogenesis and clinical outcomes favored EMCAs and PCAs. However, the highest level of evidence was IV, and the methodological quality of evidence was indicated to be poor. Conclusion: Both EMCAs and PCAs have yielded favorable outcomes in both in vitro and clinical studies. However, the available studies were of limited data with significant confounding factors. Therefore, it is unclear whether the effectiveness of these novel biologics is any greater than that of bone marrow stimulation alone in the repair of knee and ankle cartilage.

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