scholarly journals Usability of a Psychotherapeutic Interactive Gaming Tool Used in Facial Emotion Recognition for People with Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Roberto Pablo González ◽  
Ingrid Tortadès ◽  
Francesc Alpiste ◽  
Joaquín Fernandez ◽  
Jordi Torner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Situational Attribution

The objective of the study was to test the usability of ‘Feeling Master’ as a psychotherapeutic interactive gaming tool with LEGO cartoon faces showing the five basic emotions, for the assessment of emotional recognition in people with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls, and the relationship between face affect recognition (FER), attributional style, and theory of mind (ToM), which is the ability to understand the potential mental states and intentions of others. Nineteen individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and 17 healthy control (HC) subjects completed the ‘Feeling Master’ that includes five basic emotions. To assess social cognition, the group with schizophrenia was evaluated with the Personal and Situational Attribution Questionnaire (IPSAQ) for the assessment of attributional style and the Hinting Task (ToM). Patients with SZ showed significant impairments in emotion recognition and their response time appeared to be slower than the HC in the recognition of each emotion. Taking into account the impairment in the recognition of each emotion, we only found a trend toward significance in error rates on fear recognition. The correlations between correct response on the ‘Feeling Master’ and the hinting task appeared to be significant in the correlation of surprise and theory of mind. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the ‘Feeling Master’ could be useful for the evaluation of FER in people with schizophrenia. These results sustain the notion that impairments in emotion recognition are more prevalent in people with schizophrenia and that these are related with impairment in ToM.

Usability of a psychotherapeutic interactive gaming tool used in facial emotion recognition for people with schizophrenia (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tortadès ◽  
Roberto Gonzalez ◽  
Francesc Alpiste ◽  
Joaquín Fernandez ◽  
Jordi Torner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Emotional Recognition (ER) is one of the areas most affected in people with schizophrenia. However, there are no software tools available for the assessment of ER. The interactive software program ‘Feeling Master’ (a cartoon facial recognition tool) was developed to investigate the deficit in facial emotion recognition (FER) with a sample of patients with schizophrenia in a pilot project framework. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the usability of ‘Feeling Master’ as a psychotherapeutic interactive gaming tool for the assessment of emotional recognition in people with schizophrenia compared with healthy people, and the relationship between FER, attributional style and theory of mind. METHODS Nineteen individuals with schizophrenia and 17 healthy control (HC) subjects completed the ‘Feeling Master’ including five emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise). Regarding the group with schizophrenia they were evaluated with the Personal and Situational Attribution Questionnaire (IPSAQ) and the Hinting Task (Theory of Mind) to evaluate social cognition. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in emotion recognition and they remained slower than the HC in the recognition of each emotion (P<.001). Regarding the impairment in the recognition of each emotion we only found a trend toward significance in error rates on fear discrimination (P=.07). And the correlations between correct response on the ‘Feeling Master’ and the hinting task showed significant values in the correlation of surprise and theory of mind (P=.046). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the study puts forward the usability of the ‘Feeling Master’ in FER for people with schizophrenia. These findings lend support to the notion that difficulties in emotion recognition are more prevalent in people with schizophrenia, and that these are associated with impairment in ToM, suggesting the potential utility of the FER in the rehabilitation of people with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Usability of a psychotherapeutic interactive gaming tool used in Facial Emotion Recognition for people with Schizophrenia (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tortadès ◽  
Roberto Gonzalez ◽  
Francesc Alpiste ◽  
Joaquin Fernandez ◽  
Jordi Torner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

UNSTRUCTURED The interactive software “Feeling Master” (a Cartoon Facial Recognition Tool) was developed to investigate the deficit in facial emotion recognition (FER) with a sample of patients with schizophrenia in a pilot project framework. 24 persons with schizophrenia and 17 healthy control (HC) subjects completed the “Feeling Master” including five emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear and surprise). Regarding the group with schizophrenia they were evaluated with the Personal and Situational Attribution Questionnaire (IPSAQ) and the Hinting Task (Theory of Mind) to evaluate social cognition. Descriptive data showed suitable usability, adaptability, effectiveness and efficiency of “feeling master”. Patients with schizophrenia showed impairments in emotion recognition. The individuals with schizophrenia remained slower than the HC in the recognition of each emotion. Regarding the impairment in the recognition of each emotion we only have found significant error rates on fear discrimination (P=.07). And the correlations between correct response on the “Feeling Master” and the Hinting Task showed significant values in the correlation of surprise and Theory of Mind (P=.46). In conclusion, the study puts forward the usability of the “feeling master” in FER for people with schizophrenia. These findings lend support to the notion that difficulties in emotion recognition are more prevalent in people with schizophrenia, and those are associated with an imparment in ToM, suggesting the potential utility of the FER in the rehabilitation of people with schizophrenia.

Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riadh Ouerchefani ◽  
Naoufel Ouerchefani ◽  
Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb ◽  
Didier Le Gall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Basic Emotions

Abstract Objective Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior. Method We examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the “Faux-Pas” task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test. Results The group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the “Faux-Pas”, Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the “Faux-Pas” task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.

scholarly journals THEORY OF MIND - NOT EMOTION RECOGNITION - MEDIATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hajduk ◽  
◽  
Dana Krajcovicova ◽  
Miroslava Zimanyiova ◽  
Viera Korinkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Theory of Mind and Linguistic Acquisition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Ronnie Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental States ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a conceptual theory that is credited with enabling individuals to anticipate the mental states of others, including their beliefs, desires, emotions, intentions, and additional emotive circumstances (Flavell, 2004). Linguistic acquisition is a natural development that begins to develop in children from birth and enables communication. The cognitive domains necessary to comprehend language is also required in order for the formation of ToM to develop. The interpretations made through ToM presumptions can contain the discernment of another’s false belief. In this context, the individual must be aware that the literal interpretation could be an inaccurate symbol or manufactured belief. This understanding requires a certain level of cognitive development in the child since the intention may be to signify something else and the child must be able to correctly process idiomatic expressions in order to accurately make ToM determinations (Caillies &amp; Le Sourn-Bissaoui, 2008). This paper explores the relationship between ToM and linguistic acquisition in normally developing children, as well as those with various disabilities to ascertain the degree of cognitive development necessary in order to make ToM determinations. Exploration of this relationship reveals that linguistic and cognitive development are both essential in the construct of ToM perceptions in early childhood.

Emotion facial expression in families of patients with schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1399-1399
Author(s):  
S. Herrera ◽  
M. Bardón ◽  
C. Fernández ◽  
V. Ángeles ◽  
G. Lahera Forteza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Face Emotion Recognition

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia show a deficit in emotion recognition through facial expression and the low sense of familiarity may be a factor involved. However, the emotion facial expression in families of patients could be disturbed and be another factor related to the deficit in emotion recognition and in sense of familiarity in schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo assess the emotion facial expression in a sample of 21 families of patients with schizophrenia and families of healthy controls.Methods22 healthy volunteers, all of them professionals of mental health, were assessed with the Ekman Test of emotion recognition in unfamiliar people which was photographed by expressing the 6 Ekman’s basic emotions. The task was composed of 42 pictures, half of them from families of patients and the other half from families of healthy control.ResultsVolunteers recognize worse emotions in relatives of patients than in relatives of control group and this difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon W = -4.13; p = .001). The average of pictures correctly recognized from families of patients was lower than pictures from families of control group (54.28% vs. 82%).ConclusionsThe emotion facial expression in families of patients with schizophrenia seems worse than in families of healthy controls. It could be a factor involved in face emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Intelligence: A Formative g Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ester Navarro ◽  
Sara Anne Goring ◽  
Andrew R. A. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
The Relationship

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability understand that other people’s mental states may be different from one’s own. Psychometric models have shown that individual differences in ToM can largely be attributed to general intelligence (g) (Coyle et al. 2018). Most psychometric models specify g as a reflective latent variable, which is interpreted as a general ability that plays a causal role in a broad range of cognitive tasks, including ToM tasks. However, an alternative approach is to specify g as a formative latent variable, that is, an overall index of cognitive ability that does not represent a psychological attribute (Kovacs and Conway 2016). Here we consider a formative g approach to the relationship between ToM and intelligence. First, we conducted an SEM with reflective g to test the hypothesis that ToM is largely accounted for by a general ability. Next, we conducted a model with formative g to determine whether the relationship between ToM and intelligence is influenced by domain-specific tasks. Finally, we conducted a redundancy analysis to examine the contribution of each g variable. Results suggest that the relationship between ToM and intelligence in this study was influenced by language-based tasks, rather than solely a general ability.

Knowledge is belief – and shaped by culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender ◽  
John B. Gatewood
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culture And Language ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Abstract Phillips and colleagues claim that the representation of knowledge is more basic than the representation of belief, presupposing them to be categorically distinct mental states with distinct evolutionary purposes. We argue that the relationship between the two is much more complex, is further shaped by culture and language, and leaves its mark on manifestations of theory of mind and teaching.

Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Positive Schizotypy: Relationship to Schizotypal Traits and Psychosocial Functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heather M. Wastler ◽  
Mark F. Lenzenweger
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Theory of mind (ToM) impairments are well documented in schizophrenia, although it remains unclear whether these deficits exist among individuals with schizotypy. The current study sought to shed light on mixed findings in schizotypy by differentiating between various aspects of ToM, (cognitive/affective ToM and overmentalization/undermentalization). A three-group design (positive schizotypy, negative affect, and healthy control) was used to assess ToM performance on the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition. Results indicated that the positive schizotypy group made greater intent overmentalization errors than both control groups. The schizotypy and negative affect groups made greater emotion overmentalization errors relative to healthy controls. In addition, the authors explored the relationship between ToM, schizotypal traits, and psychosocial functioning. Results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between cognitive-perceptual schizotypal traits and intent overmentalization as well as a significant positive relationship between interpersonal traits and emotion overmentalization. Finally, intent and emotion overmentalization were both related to poorer psychosocial functioning.

Self-perception and interpersonal peacefulness: the mediating role of theory of mind and harmony

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Khayyer ◽  
Hamidreza Oreyzi ◽  
Karim Asgari ◽  
Sverker Sikström
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relational Factors ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Peace Psychology ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose A wide range of variables, including cognitive, emotional and relational factors, could affect the level of peacefulness. The purpose of this paper is to examine key variables (theory of mind (ToM) and harmony) that mediate the personality trait of peacefulness. Design/methodology/approach The participants were 182 university students recruited from three universities in Isfahan, Iran. Some different scales were applied in order to measure the intended peace variables. Findings The findings demonstrate that ToM, as the ability to attribute mental states, significantly mediates the association between interpersonal peacefulness and inhibition skill, interpersonal peacefulness and conflict resolution abilities, and interpersonal peacefulness and level of aggression. In addition, harmony mediates the relationship between intrapersonal peacefulness, hope, intrapersonal peacefulness and self-compassionate competency. Practical implications These findings indicate that peaceful feelings enable a person to provide more attention to the concerns of others and to relationship issues. Originality/value This an original type of study in the field of peace psychology.

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