scholarly journals The Role of Pain Catastrophizing and Pain Acceptance in Performance-Based and Self-Reported Physical Functioning in Individuals with Fibromyalgia and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Giorgia Varallo ◽  
Federica Scarpina ◽  
Emanuele Maria Giusti ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Roberto Cattivelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Acceptance ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
And Performance

Impaired physical functioning is one of the most critical consequences associated with fibromyalgia, especially when there is comorbid obesity. Psychological factors are known to contribute to perceived (i.e., subjective) physical functioning. However, physical function is a multidimensional concept encompassing both subjective and objective functioning. The contribution of psychological factors to performance-based (i.e., objective) functioning is unclear. This study aims to investigate the contribution of pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance to both self-reported and performance-based physical functioning. In this cross-sectional study, 160 participants completed self-report measures of pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain severity. A self-report measure and a performance-based test were used to assess physical functioning. Higher pain catastrophizing and lower pain acceptance were associated with poorer physical functioning at both self-reported and performance-based levels. Our results are consistent with previous evidence on the association between pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance with self-reported physical functioning. This study contributes to the current literature by providing novel insights into the role of psychological factors in performance-based physical functioning. Multidisciplinary interventions that address pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance are recommended and might be effective to improve both perceived and performance-based functioning in women with FM and obesity.

scholarly journals Modifiable Psychological Factors Affecting Functioning in Fibromyalgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Theodoros Paschalis ◽  
Vitaly Napadow ◽  
Robert R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Reported

Objective: To examine the role of several interrelated, potentially modifiable psychological factors (i.e., mindfulness and catastrophizing) in influencing patient-reported functioning. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 107 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain severity, functioning and impact of symptoms, mindfulness, and pain catastrophizing. Linear regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between these factors. Results: Pain intensity was significantly and positively associated with pain catastrophizing and impact of fibromyalgia on functioning. Linear regression analyses indicated that pain intensity, catastrophizing, and mindfulness affect functioning in fibromyalgia. Follow-up mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of pain catastrophizing on the relationship between pain intensity and fibromyalgia functioning. Conclusion: Individuals with fibromyalgia who have higher levels of pain and catastrophizing, and lower levels of mindfulness, are more likely to experience impaired functioning. Our findings suggest that pain catastrophizing appears to be an especially important variable contributing to reduced functioning in women with fibromyalgia. Therefore, catastrophizing-reducing treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) are likely to have direct, beneficial impacts on functioning.

The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merinuk ◽  
Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Laura D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

Positive psychology constructs as predictors of depression in retirees

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE ALLENDEN ◽  
PETER BOMAN ◽  
AMANDA MERGLER ◽  
MICHAEL J. FURLONG
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Positive Psychological Functioning ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether five positive psychological constructs (self-efficacy, gratitude, grit, hope and optimism) had a combined effect on levels of depression. The co-occurrence of these psychological factors, defined as an example of covitality, was examined in relation to predicting lower levels of depression. Participants were 278 retirees living in Brisbane, Australia. Each participant completed either an online or hard-copy self-report, related to positive psychological functioning. A standard multiple regression found that self-efficacy, grit, optimism and hope were individually all significant predictors of depression (small effect sizes); however, the combinatorial relation of all these four factors with depression was substantial (R2 = 0.34; large effect size). Gratitude was not a significant predictor. While no causality can be inferred from this cross-sectional study, having a combination of positive psychological factors might have an effect on levels of depression in retirement.

scholarly journals Tattooing and risk for transfusion-transmitted diseases: The role of the type, number and design of the tattoos, and the conditions in which they were performed

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DE A. NISHIOKA ◽  
T. W. GYORKOS ◽  
L. JOSEPH ◽  
J.-P. COLLET ◽  
J. D. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Conditions

Tattoos have been shown to be associated with transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs), particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Very little is known about the association between different categories of tattoos and TTDs. In a cross-sectional study in Brazil, we studied 182 individuals with tattoos and assessed the odds of testing positive for a TTD according to tattoo type, number, design and performance conditions. Major findings were significant associations between an increasing number of tattoos and HBV infection (odds ratio (OR) of 2·04 for two tattoos and 3·48 for [ges ] 3 tattoos), having a non-professional tattoo and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 3·25), and having [ges ] 3 tattoos and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 2·98). We suggest that non-professional tattoos and number of tattoos should be assessed as potential deferral criteria in screening blood donors.

scholarly journals The Role of Leadership and its Relationship with the Performance of Community Health Volunteer: A Survey in Rural Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ngatoiatu Rohmani ◽  
Dewi Utari
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Community Health Volunteer ◽  
And Performance

Background: Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) are the manifestation of community participation to solve health issues of the community, which is reflected through Integrated Services Post or known as Posyandu activities. Therefore, CHVs selection criteria need to be upgraded to support their performance in delivering community health services. This research aimed at identifying the relationship between the role of leadership and their performance in Posyandu activities. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Purwomartani village, Sleman, with a total of 68 respondents. Data were collected using validated questionnaires to evaluate the leadership and performance of healthy volunteers. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: The respondents comprised 100% females, 71.3% were aged above 41, and 82.4% were housewives, and 83.3% completed their education up to senior high school. The study revealed that 57.4% of respondents showed excellent performance before, during, and after the Posyandu activities. Bivariate analysis revealed that the role of leadership has a significant relationship with the performance of health volunteers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Training on leadership and effective communication is needed to support the role of CHVs to motivate the community to use the facilities for better health status.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Computer-Administered Animated Activity Questionnaire to Measure Physical Functioning of Patients With Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Terwee ◽  
Charlotte Coopmans ◽  
Wilfred F. Peter ◽  
Leo D. Roorda ◽  
Rudolf W. Poolman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Score ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background Physical functioning of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis is measured by self-report questionnaires and performance-based tests. However, performance-based tests often are not feasible. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a computer-administered questionnaire (ie, the Animated Activity Questionnaire [AAQ]) to measure physical functioning in patients with hip or knee OA. By showing animations of activities, the influence of the patient's own reference frame is minimized. The AAQ measures the same aspects of physical functioning as performance-based tests do. Design This was a development and preliminary validation (cross-sectional) study. Methods A pilot version of the AAQ was developed using motion capture to analyze the movement of a person performing 7 daily activities. Different animations of the same activity were made with 2 to 5 levels of difficulty. For each activity, participants were asked to choose one animation that best corresponds to their own way of performing the activity. A preliminary validation study was performed to compare the AAQ with validated self-report questionnaires (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and questionnaires on walking, stair climbing, and rising and sitting down) and performance-based tests (walking, Timed “Up & Go” Test, Timed Stair Test) in 33 patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Results As expected, the AAQ showed a correlation above .70 (.79, 95% confidence interval=.61–.89) with the total score of the performance-based tests. On the subscore level, the results were partly as expected. Fifty-eight percent of the participants preferred the AAQ over self-report questionnaires and performance-based tests. Limitations The findings need to be replicated in larger samples of patients because the sample size of the study was rather small. Conclusion The AAQ might be a good alternative for measuring physical functioning of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. The AAQ can easily be adapted for use in other patient populations. However, further development and validation are needed.

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Factors Associated With Adolescent Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Garcia ◽  
John R. Sirard ◽  
Ross Larsen ◽  
Meg Bruening ◽  
Melanie Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine, using structural equation modeling, the associations between nominated friend physical activity (PA), friend social support with individual PA-related psychological factors, and adolescent PA.Methods:Data were obtained from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity Among Teens), a large cross-sectional study conducted in 20 middle and high schools. The sample consisted of 1951 adolescents (mean age: 14.25 ± 1.96, 54% female, 68% ethnic minorities). PA, parent and friend social support (perceived social support for PA from parents and friends), and psychological measures (PA enjoyment, PA self-efficacy, and PA barriers) were assessed by self-report questionnaires. The SEM analysis consisted of 1 observed variable: friend PA, and 2 latent constructs: psychological factors, perceived social support.Results:The model was a good fit, indicating that there were significant direct effects of both friend PA (P < .01) and psychological factors (P < .0001) on adolescent PA. In addition, psychological factors mediated the association between friend PA and adolescent PA.Conclusion:The results of this model suggest that psychological factors and friend PA are associated with adolescent PA, and that psychological factors may play an important role. Future studies should further examine the association of both friend PA and psychological variables with adolescent PA.

scholarly journals The “self” in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Eric S. Vilsmark ◽  
Jeungchan Lee ◽  
Michael Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one’s identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. Results A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one’s self-concept.

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