Job Safety Analysis and Hazard Identification of Welding Process in Semarang - JSA Method AS/NZS 4360:2004

Background: The welding workshop in Semarang City is spread over several areas in Semarang City. There are several types of work in welding workshops, namely, cutting raw materials, assembling, welding, grinding, sanding, and painting. This study aimed to analyze occupational safety and health risks in the informal welding workshop using the JSA (Job Safety Analysis) AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management method. Method: This research was conducted using semi-quantitative method with descriptive analysis. A cross-sectional research design was used because data (observations, interviews, filling in risk analysis tables, work accidents, occupational diseases, and controls) were collected at a particular time. The study was conducted in Semarang, Central Java, and the population was all informal welding workshops. Result: This study showed that there are 8 types of welding tasks, 21 potential hazards, and 24 health consequences in a welding process. The total score calculated by multiplying "chance" by "severity" shows that 11 health consequences were acceptable risk while 13 others were high risk. Conclusion: The highest score of occupational health hazards was electric shock due to chipped cable, electric shock due to a chipped short circuit, and wet/rain/cloudy work area. Welders are recommended to follow the proper instruction in the welding process, and each workshop must provide a first aid box for its workers.

Employee Performance Measurements at ‘Aisyiyah Klaten Hospital using the Human Resources Scorecard approach

Background: The rapid development of health services is a challenge for hospitals in facing the increasingly open and accessible competition. Good human resource management is needed to increase the productivity of an organization. One of the strategies to increase productivity and improve human resource management is to use an integrated and comprehensive employee performance measurement. This research measured employee performance using the Human Resources Scorecard (HRSC) approach based on several conditions. HRSC is a Balanced Scorecard with a Human Resources (HR) approach where Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are based on 4 (four) perspectives: Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Business Process Perspective, and Learning and Growth Perspective. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey research design. Data collection methods included questionnaires, document review, and Consensus Decision Making Group (CDMG). The research population was 256 employees of the ‘Aisyiyah Hospital Klaten. Samples were determined using non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method of 100 respondents. Results: The results showed that overall employee performance was good, with a score of 4.03. Based on Key Performance Indicators for each perspective, the internal business process perspective of employee performance was very good, with a score of 1.24. The financial perspective of employee performance was good with a score of 0.8, while the customer perspective of employee performance was good, with a score of 1.19. Finally, the learning and growth perspective of employee performance was good, with a score of 0.8. Conclusion: With the HRSC approach, the overall performance results of the ‘Aisyiyah Klaten Hospital employees were good.

Physical and Psychological Violence in Dating with Sleep Duration of Adolescents in Bantul Regency

Background: The trend of juvenile delinquency, especially Dating Violence (DV) is still very high. According to the Annual Records (Catahu), there were 2,073 cases in 2018. The Special Region of Yogyakarta ranked sixth as region with the highest DV cases in Indonesia, reaching 980 cases in 2018. In Bantul Regency, 80 cases were reported in 2018. Dating violence can have negative impact on the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents. Physical violence can lead to bruises and fractures while psychological violence affects the victims in the form of depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disturbances. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical and psychological violence in dating with sleep duration of adolescents. Method: This research used quantitative research method with a cross sectional approach. Data were analyzed using chi square. The sample consisted of 314 high school students (15-19 years old) who were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Only subjects who have dated or are currently dating were included in this study. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between physical violence in dating and sleep duration (PR = 1,165; 95% CI = 1,050-1,293; p<0.05). However, there was no relationship between psychological violence in dating and sleep duration (PR = 1,068; 95% CI = 0,957-1,192; p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a relationship between physical violence in dating and sleep duration. Teenagers are advised to take advantage of the PIK-R program at school or visit counseling teachers that can help them solving their problems.

Utilization of Puskesmas in Efforts to Prevent COVID-19 in Bengkulu City

Background: Puskesmas as First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) plays a vital role during the Covid-19 pandemic in preventing and controlling the number of Covid-19 cases by anticipating, detecting, responding to events. However, at this time, the puskesmas are still underutilized by the community. The highest confirmed positive cases in Bengkulu City were in the Gading Cempaka District, with 990 cases. This study aimed to determine the variables related to the utilization of puskesmas in Bengkulu City. Methods: This research was quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents using an accidental sampling technique executed in March-August 2021. The research population was the entire community of Bengkulu City, with a sample of 110 respondents from the Gading Cempaka District, Bengkulu City. Data were analyzed by univariate to multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results show that 88 respondents (78.2%) have utilized the puskesmas, as many as 86 (78.2%) were female, 86 respondents (60.9%) belonged to the young age group, respondents with higher education were 73 respondents ( 66.4%), 73 respondents (66.4%) worked and as many as 79 respondents (71.8%) have income <UMP. The bivariate analysis results showed that the factors related to the utilization of the puskesmas (p<0.05) were variables of age, education, occupation, and income despite no relationship between gender, distance, knowledge, and family support (p>α). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that education was the dominant factor influencing the utilization of the puskesmas with (p-value = 0.010; B = 2.707; 95% CI = 1.892-118.569). Conclusion: The community has taken advantage of the puskesmas in terms of preventing Covid-19. The utilization of puskesmas is affected by age and education level.

Spatial Analysis of a Tuberculosis Incidence in Magelang City in 2021

Background: TubercuIosis is a health problem of global concern, especially in Southeast Asia. Indonesia is the second-Largest contributor to tuberculosis after India. Some causes influence the increasing burden of tuberculosis in Indonesia, including environmental and socio-economic factors. Therefore, spatial analysis is needed to see the distribution of tuberculosis cases based on risk factors. This study focuses on conducting spatial analysis in Magelang City. Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive observational study using an ecologic study approach. The sample size in this study was 38 tuberculosis patients with total sampling. Data collection was carried out using observation sheets. Data analyzed by software ArcGIS. results: The spatial pattern of distribution occurred according to the Iow population density (97.4%), the environmental temperature meet the requirements (84.2%), the air humidity meet the requirements (100%), the BCG immunization coverage was not being met (100%), the distance to health services is close (100%), the household with low-level social welfare is at the most (23.7%). Conclusion: An urban village with the highest tuberculosis cases is in the household with low-level social welfare is at the most. There is a need to improve social welfare and coverage of BCG immunization.

Preventing Advanced Stages of Disease in Samoa: A Literature Review

Background: Surgeons are scarce in the Pacific Islands, and improvements to public and primary health care services should reduce the burden of avoidable surgical interventions. Three communicable and non-communicable diseases of public health concern in Samoa are filariasis, childhood overweight/obesity, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric cancer. Strengthening existing public and primary health care strategies for these issues should, in turn, reduce the avoidable surgical burden of Hydrocelectomy for filarial hydrocele, in-situ pinning for Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE), and endoscopic Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (EGD) for the differential diagnosis of H. pylori-induced gastric pathologies. This study aimed to perform a literature review of these conditions requiring surgical intervention in the Pacific Islands to contribute recommendations to the current public and primary health care activities in Samoa. Method: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The primary search strategy utilized the terms and keywords “Pacific Islands”; “Filarial Hydrocele”; “SUFE”; “H. pylori-induced gastric pathology”; and their relevant synonyms. Inclusion criteria: the study population were Pacific Islanders residing in the Pacific Islands, and the study investigated presentation, etiology, epidemiology, treatment, and/or management for the three diseases of interest. Articles published before 2000 were excluded. Results: There was only one journal article that met the inclusion criteria. There is virtually no research literature on the current state of these preventable surgical conditions among the population residing in the Pacific Islands. Conclusion: Data are needed to inform evidence-based policy formulation and implementation. The surgical voice should positively contribute to public health efforts.

Determinants of Environmental Sanitation Related to the Incidence of Diarrhea among Infants

Background: Incidence of diarrhea increased by poor environmental conditions factors. The several factors of environmental health are housing, disposal waste, clean water supply, and sewerage. This study's purpose was to determine the determinants of environmental sanitation related to the incidence of diarrhea in infants at the work area of Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Singa, Karo District. Method: This research was quantitative research as a case study of diarrhea among infants in Puskesmas Singa. The subjects were housewives who had infants and suffered from diarrhea in the last six months of the study, with 225 total population and 63 people selected by simple random sampling. The data analyzed used logistic regression to found the influence of environmental sanitation on diarrhea. Results: The results found there were six variables analyzed, there were three variables that influenced the incidence of diarrhea, the variable ownership of feces disposal facilities was the most dominant factor with Exp B 18.267 (p-value 0.003; 95% CI: 2.750-121.334), and the quality of clean water are variables that influence the incidence of diarrhea with Exp B 5.763 (p-value 0.026; 95% CI: 1.234-26.904), food and drink sanitation are variables that influence the incidence of diarrhea with Exp B 12.451 (p-value 0.004; 95% CI: 2.190 - 70.773). Conclusion: It concludes that diarrhea among infants has a dominant relationship of water sanitation, disposal sanitation, and food sanitation as determinants. It needs to improve basic sanitation to decrease the count of diarrhea.

Synchronization of Codification of Unspecified Schizophrenia Againts Back-Referral System of Mirit Public Health Center

Background: The disease classification system is a grouping of diseases following the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Tenth Revisions ICD-10. The coding application must be in accordance with ICD-10 to obtain a valid code in disease indexing, national, international reporting of morbidity and mortality, analysis of health care costs, and epidemiological and clinical research. The diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is made if schizophrenia and affective disorder are symptoms based on the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. This study aims to determine the synchronization of the codification of unspecified schizophrenia and determine the factors that influence it against the back-referral system at the Mirit Health Center. Method: This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Respondents were four officers, i.e. one doctor, one medical record officer, one person holding a mental program, one pharmacy officer. The number of observed medical record documents was 96 data with research indicators of accuracy and completeness of the diagnosis code in patients referred from First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) to Advanced Health Facilities (FKTL). Result: The results showed 30 referrals, with nine referrals having the accuracy of the patient referral diagnosis code. The back-referral program (PRB) for mental illness at the Mirit Health Center, in collaboration with Mbah Marsio's mental health rehabilitation center, was carried out well. However, the implementation of the Chronic Disease Management program (Prolanis) for mental health was still not good. Conclusion: There are many unsynchronized codifications. It is recommended to conduct an evaluation where they communicate with each other about the patient's condition to supervise the implementation of Referback Patients, especially to specialists who write the back-referral form.

Relationship of Appetite, Body Image, and Energy Intake with Body Mass Index in Undergraduate Students in Surakarta

Background: Young adults are vulnerable to lifestyle changes that will eventually change their behavior, including health behavior. Behavioral changes during this period can affect nutritional status. Nutritional status is affected by energy intake, influenced by several internal factors such as appetite and body image. This study shows the correlation between appetite, body image, and energy intake with body mass index. Method: This study was conducted with a random sampling method through 120 undergraduate students. Appetite was measured using a visual analog scale. Energy intake was measured using the 24-hour food recall method. Statistical analysis used was Spearman's rankBody shape perception was assessed using the Stunkard figure rating scale. Results: Appetite is closely related to energy intake (p <0.05) but not with BMI. Body image correlates with intake energy and BMI. Most obese students (70.4%) consider themselves overweight. Energy intake is correlated with BMI (p <0,001). Conclusion: Appetite and body image are related to food intake. Energy intake is correlated with body mass index.

The Analysis of the Chlorogenic Acid in the Ethanol Fraction of Robusta Coffee Beans and Its Effect on Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats

Background: The metabolic disorder caused by high blood glucose levels and pancreatic beta-cell damage is known as diabetes mellitus. Indonesia itself is the 7th country in the world with the number of people with diabetes mellitus. Indonesia occupies rank 7 in the world with the number of people with diabetes mellitus. Apart from that, robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L) is one of the most popular drinks globally, including Indonesia. Chlorogenic acid in coffee beans effectively reduces cell damage due to free radicals, including minimizing excessive glucose release from the liver into the blood. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of chlorogenic acid in the ethanolic fraction of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L) beans on blood glucose levels in Wistar rats. Method: The researchers applied an experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The beans of robusta coffee were extracted using the Maceration method and then fractionated using a hexane and ethyl acetate solvent. The concentration of the obtained remaining fraction was measured using a spectrophotometer. Furthermore, hyperglycemia testing included 30 Wistar rats induced with 20% glucose for 3 – 4 weeks. They were then given the ethanol fraction of robusta coffee with a dose of 400 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW. Meanwhile, metformin served as a positive control, and NaCMC served as a negative control. Results: The chlorogenic acid analysis in the ethanol fraction of robusta coffee on a spectrophotometer with a concentration of 37% indicated a decrease of 16.66% on the negative control and 48.06% on the positive control. Meanwhile, the ethanol fraction of each control was 51.53% and 52.16%, respectively. Conclusion: The ethanol fraction of the robusta coffee significantly affects the decrease in blood glucose levels in Wistar rats.