scholarly journals CVD Risk Factors in the Ukrainian Roma and Meta-Analysis of Their Prevalence in Roma Populations Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Matea Zajc Zajc Petranović ◽  
Ashley Elizabeth Rizzieri ◽  
Dharshan Sivaraj ◽  
Nina Smolej Smolej Narančić ◽  
Tatjana Škarić-Jurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Meta Analyses

The Roma population suffers from severe poverty, social exclusion, and some of the worst health conditions in the industrialized world. Herein, we report on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the Ukrainian Roma and present a meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVD risk factors in 16 Roma populations worldwide. The meta-analyses of CVD risk factors in Roma (n = 16,552) vs. non-Roma majority population of the same country (n = 127,874) included publicly available data. Ukrainian field survey included 339 adults of both sexes and outcomes of interest were hypertension, body mass index (BMI), smoking, education, and employment status. Furthermore, 35.7% of the Ukrainian Roma were hypertensive, 69.3% unemployed, and 48.4% never went to school. Ukrainian Roma women were more likely to be underweight and more prone to be hypertensive, with odds of hypertension increasing with age, BMI, and positive smoking status. Meta-analyses showed that, in comparison with non-Roma worldwide, the Roma bear significantly higher risk factor loads related to smoking (OR = 2.850), diabetes (OR = 1.433), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.276), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.975), with lower loads for hypertension (OR = 0.607) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 0.872). To conclude, the CVD risk factors which are more common in Roma than in the majority population may reflect their poor health-related behaviors and inadequate access to health education.

scholarly journals Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghaedi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie ◽  
Janmohamad Malekzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence supporting the beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This diet advises consuming lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and avoiding intake of grains, dairy products, processed foods, and added sugar and salt. This study was performed to assess the effects of a PD on CVD risk factors including anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers using data from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to August 2018. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Meta-analysis of 8 eligible studies revealed that a PD significantly reduced body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.68 kg; 95% CI: −2.86, −0.49 kg], waist circumference (WMD = −2.72 cm; 95% CI: −4.04, −1.40 cm), BMI (in kg/m2) (WMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.22, −0.87), body fat percentage (WMD = −1.31%; 95% CI: −2.06%, −0.57%), systolic (WMD = −4.75 mm Hg; 95% CI: −7.54, −1.96 mm Hg) and diastolic (WMD = −3.23 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.77, −1.69 mm Hg) blood pressure, and circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.04 mmol/L), triglycerides (WMD = −0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (WMD = −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01 mmol/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.16 mg/L) and also significantly increased HDL cholesterol (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 mmol/L). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of a PD on lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, and circulating CRP concentrations were sensitive to removing some studies and to the correlation coefficients, hence the results must be interpreted with caution. Although the present meta-analysis revealed that a PD has favorable effects on CVD risk factors, the evidence is not conclusive and more well-designed trials are still needed.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Serious Mental Illness in Supportive Housing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stefancic ◽  
Nathaniel Lu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Lauren Bochicchio ◽  
Christopher Weatherly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background: Given indications of widening disparities in mortality for people with serious mental illness, understanding and reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improving health-related quality of life is an urgent public health priority. This study examined CVD risk factor clustering, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and their correlates among people with SMI who were overweight/obese (i.e., BMI ≥ 25) and living in supportive housing. Methods: Baseline data were used from participants enrolled in a clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a peer-led healthy lifestyle program. univariate analyses were used to describe the distribution of individual risk factors and the cumulative number of CVD risk factors. Bivariate and regression analyses were used to explore correlates of individual CVD risk factors, the cumulative number of risk factors, and HRQoL Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores. Results: Participants were 48.7 years old, on average (sd = 11.6) and the majority identified as male (57.3%) and as racial/ethnic minorities (82%; primarily non-Hispanic black). Most participants (75.4%) had at least two co-occurring CVD risk factors and almost half (46.7%) had three or more, most commonly obesity, smoking, and hypertension. Prevalence of individual risk factors, particularly smoking and diabetes, varied by demographic and clinical characteristics. Identifying as female, older age, and taking second generation antipsychotic medication were associated with having more co-occurring CVD risk factors, while having completed high school was associated with fewer risks. Number of co-occurring CVD risk factors, identifying as female, and greater psychiatric symptoms were negatively associated with physical HRQoL. Older age, lower psychiatric symptoms, and greater internal locus of control were positively associated with mental HRQoL.Conclusion: Even when compared to other studies examining CVD risk among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, our study sample generally had higher rates of clustering of multiple risk factors, highlighting the need for urgent intervention among those living in supportive housing. Demographic and clinical factors further identify those who may have the highest risk as well as factors that may adversely affect perceived health status and functioning. Reducing CVD risk and improving HRQoL will likely require expanding access to quality care, adapting intervention approaches to subpopulations, and providing increased support to facilitate health behavior change and perceived control for modifiable risk factors.Trial Registration: This trial was registered through ClinicalTrials.gov on June 26, 2014. The registration number is NCT02175641.

scholarly journals Do Women with Diabetes Need More Intensive Action for Cardiovascular Reduction than Men with Diabetes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Harreiter ◽  
Helena Fadl ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
David Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Purpose of Review This narrative review makes the case for greater efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women with diabetes. Recent Findings In a recent meta-analysis including five CVOTs of diabetes medications with 46,606 subjects, women (vs men) with type 2 diabetes had a higher relative risk for stroke (RR 1.28; 95% CI 1.09, 1.50) and heart failure (1.30; 1.21, 1.40). Prior studies found higher “within-gender” RR for CVD mortality in women with diabetes although men have an absolute higher risk. Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 2-fold higher CVD risk than the background population. Worse CVD and CVD risk factor management in women, as well as lower female therapy adherence, contribute further to these disparities. Summary The mechanism behind this excess risk includes biological, hormonal, socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors that still require further investigation. The need for more intensive CVD reduction in women now includes more attention to screening for both incident diabetes and CVD risk factors among high-risk women.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation is associated with lower disease activity and predicts cardiovascular risk reduction in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1997-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida K Roelsgaard ◽  
Eirik Ikdahl ◽  
Silvia Rollefstad ◽  
Grunde Wibetoe ◽  
Bente A Esbensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
Lower Disease Activity

Abstract Objectives Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and RA and may cause attenuated responses to anti-rheumatic treatments. Our aim was to compare disease activity, CVD risk factors and CVD event rates across smoking status in RA patients. Methods Disease characteristics, CVD risk factors and relevant medications were recorded in RA patients without prior CVD from 10 countries (Norway, UK, Netherlands, USA, Sweden, Greece, South Africa, Spain, Canada and Mexico). Information on CVD events was collected. Adjusted analysis of variance, logistic regression and Cox models were applied to compare RA disease activity (DAS28), CVD risk factors and event rates across categories of smoking status. Results Of the 3311 RA patients (1012 former, 887 current and 1412 never smokers), 235 experienced CVD events during a median follow-up of 3.5 years (interquartile range 2.5–6.1). At enrolment, current smokers were more likely to have moderate or high disease activity compared with former and never smokers (P < 0.001 for both). There was a gradient of worsening CVD risk factor profiles (lipoproteins and blood pressure) from never to former to current smokers. Furthermore, former and never smokers had significantly lower CVD event rates compared with current smokers [hazard ratio 0.70 (95% CI 0.51, 0.95), P = 0.02 and 0.48 (0.34, 0.69), P < 0.001, respectively]. The CVD event rates for former and never smokers were comparable. Conclusion Smoking cessation in patients with RA was associated with lower disease activity and improved lipid profiles and was a predictor of reduced rates of CVD events.

scholarly journals Associations between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese University Staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9031
Author(s):  
Jiangang Chen ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Xinliang Pan ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Jiamin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health Related

Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between health-related physical fitness (HPF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese university staff. Methods: A total of 340 university staff (109 women, mean age 43.1 ± 9.7 years) with overweight (n = 284) and obesity (n = 56) were included. The HPF indicators included skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body fat percentage (BFP), grip strength (GS), sit-and-reach test (SRT), and vital capacity index (VCI). CVD risk factors were measured, including uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (GLU). Results: BFP, SMI, and GS were positively associated with UA level (β = 0.239, β = 0.159, β = 0.139, p < 0.05). BFP was positively associated with TG and TG/HDL-C levels (β = 0.421, β = 0.259, p < 0.05). GS was positively associated with HDL-C level (β = 0.244, p < 0.05). SRT was negatively associated with GLU level (β = −0.130, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In overweight and obese university staff, body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were associated with CVD risk factors. An HPF test may be a practical nonmedical method to assess CVD risk.

Abstract 050: Meta-analysis of Genetic Associations in up to 339,224 Individuals Identify 66 New Loci for Bmi, Confirming a Neuronal Contribution to Body Weight Regulation and Implicating Several Novel Pathways

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Justice ◽  
Kari North ◽  
Ruth Loos ◽  
Sailaja Vedantam ◽  
Felix Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Genome Wide

Obesity is a rising global concern as it substantially contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors (e.g. insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, Type 2 Diabetes). BMI (body mass index) is an easily obtained measure of obesity, which is highly heritable, and often used as a proxy when searching for genetic risk factors. Previous analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the GIANT (Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits) Consortium identified 32 loci containing common variants associated with BMI in adults of European ancestry. To enhance discovery of common causal variants for BMI, GIANT has expanded to include 82 studies with GWAS data and 43 studies with Metabochip data in more ancestrally diverse populations including up to 339,224 individuals. We performed a meta-analysis of the study-specific summary statistics for the BMI associations, assuming an additive model and using a fixed-effects inverse variance method. SNPs in 97 loci reached genome-wide significance (P<10-8), of which 31 loci had previously been identified for BMI in European-descent samples. Of the 66 novel BMI loci, three had previously been identified for association with adiposity related traits in specific populations. Many of the 97 loci contain strong biological candidates, and multiple methods were employed to pinpoint the most likely candidate gene(s) within the main signal regions. In addition to manual curation, GRAIL, and MAGENTA, we also employed a newly developed, unbiased computational approach that integrates a variety of data types (i.e. tissue-specific gene expression data, phenotypic information from mouse knockout studies, etc.) to identify potentially causal genes and pathways. Consistent with previous findings, many of these BMI loci contain genes that have a potential neuronal role in regulating appetite (e.g. MC4R, POMC, GRID1, NAV1 ). Our analyses also highlight loci with genes in pathways that were previously less apparent, such as those related to glucose and insulin homeostasis ( TCF7L2 , GIPR ), lipid metabolism ( APOE -cluster, NPC1 , NR1H3 ), the immune system ( TLR4) , and others. Additionally, many of the newly associated variants are in high LD with previously identified SNPs associated with related phenotypes, including other CVD risk factors (e.g. SNPs nearby IRS1 associated with T2D, adiposity, HDL, TG, adiponectin levels, and CHD; and SNPs near NT5C2 associated with CHD and blood pressure variables). This large-scale meta-analysis has greatly increased the number of identified obesity-susceptibility loci and continues to contribute to our understanding of the complex biology of adiposity. Our results have highlighted overlapping GWAS signals and important pathways which connect BMI and other CVD risk factors supporting the importance of pleiotropic effects in the pathogenesis of common complex diseases.

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Vitamin K Status and Cardiovascular Disease (OR33-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kyla Shea ◽  
Daniel Weiner ◽  
Gregory Matuszek ◽  
Sarah Booth ◽  
Kathryn Barger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests low vitamin K status may be associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with CVD risk factors. The objective of this study was to summarize the association between vitamin K status and CVD, overall and according to baseline CVD risk, by conducting a participant-level meta-analysis using data from the Framingham Offspring Study, the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC), and the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Circulating phylloquinone (vitamin K1), measured from baseline fasting blood samples, was categorized as ≤0.5 nM, >0.5 - ≤1.0 nM and >1.0 nM. CVD was defined as confirmed ischemic heart disease, angina, resuscitated cardiac arrest, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between circulating phylloquinone and incident CVD overall and stratified according to baseline CVD risk factors. Results Among the 3622 participants (mean (SD) baseline age 65 (11), 45% men, 65% white), there were 785 CVD events over a median of 13.0 years. Overall the risk for CVD did not differ significantly according to circulating phylloquinone categories [HR(95%CI) for CVD, compared to plasma phylloquinone >1.0 nM: ≤0.5 nM = 1.15 (0.96–1.38); >0.5 - ≤1.0 nM = 0.99 (0.84–1.18)]. However, lower circulating phylloquinone was associated with higher incident CVD risk in those with diabetes, with a normal BMI, and in women (Table). Conclusions Overall, we did not detect any significant differences in CVD risk across circulating phylloquinone categories in community-dwelling adults. However, low circulating phylloquinone was associated with a higher CVD risk among certain sub-groups, but additional studies are needed to clarify if improving vitamin K status will benefit the cardiovascular health of certain segments of the population. Funding Sources Supported by NHLBI R21HL133421 and the USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement (58‐1950‐7‐707). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anna B. Chaplin ◽  
Natasha F. Daniels ◽  
Diana Ples ◽  
Rebecca Z. Anderson ◽  
Amy Gregory-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association

Abstract Background Depression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms. Results Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36–2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68–6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe. Conclusions Targeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.

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