scholarly journals Economic Advantages of Community Currencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Sarah Zeller

Community currencies are only sometimes economically advantageous. We focus on seasonal changes in money supply and assume that community currencies stabilize the money supply in a local community. This leads to additional transactions during seasons of insufficient supply of national currency. We hypothesize community currencies are therefore economically advantageous in a surrounding of seasonally insufficient money supply. We test the hypothesis qualitatively with two case studies, the German Chiemgauer and the Kenyan Sarafu Credit. We find community currencies are only economically advantageous in an environment of insufficient liquidity.

2004 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
T. Zolotoukhina

The problem of interaction between Russian currency appreciation and positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators is studied. Main economic factors of ruble appreciation are analyzed. Consequences of the Russian Central Bank's policy directed to oppose ruble appreciation and problems in financial area due to the increase of money supply through the exchange market are considered. Influence of exchange rate appreciation on economic growth, inflation, export, import, capital flows are discussed. It is concluded that Russian ruble appreciation stimulates an increase in efficiency of the Russian economy.


Author(s):  
Mary E. Lange ◽  
Lauren Dyll-Myklebust

Storytelling, art and craft can be considered aesthetic expressions of identities. Kalahari identities are not fixed, but fluid. Research with present-day Kalahari People regarding their artistic expression and places where it has been, and is still, practised highlights that these expressions are informed by spirituality. This article explores this idea via two Kalahari case studies: Water Stories recorded in the Upington, Kakamas area, as well as research on a specific rock engraving site at Biesje Poort near Kakamas. The importance of the Kalahari People’s spiritual beliefs as reflected in these case studies and its significance regarding their identities and influence on social change and/or community development projects is discussed. The article thus highlights ways in which spirituality can be considered in relation to social change projects that are characterised by partnerships between local community, non-government and tertiary education representatives and researchers and that highlight storytelling as an integral part of people’s spirituality.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Jacobi ◽  
Aymara Llanque

Our global food system is characterized by an increasing concentration and imbalance of power, with trade-offs between hunger, inequality, unsustainable production and consumption, and profit. A systematic analysis of power imbalances in food systems is required if we are to meet the 2030 Agenda vision of promoting sustainable production and consumption patterns and ending hunger and poverty. Such an analysis, with a view to a transformation to more sustainable and just food systems, requires tools to be developed and tested in real-life case studies of food systems. To better understand the structures and mechanisms around power in food systems, this study applies a political ecology lens. We adapted the “power cube” analysis framework that was proposed by the Institute of Development Studies for the analysis of spaces, forms, and levels of power. We apply the analysis of these three dimensions of power to two food systems in the tropical lowlands of Bolivia: one agroindustrial and one indigenous. After identifying food system actors, the food system spaces in which they interact, and what forms of power they use at what levels, we discuss some implications for an emerging scientific culture of power analyses in critical sustainability assessments. Mechanisms of hidden power undermine visible legislative power in both case studies, but in our example of an indigenous food system of the Guaraní people, visible power stays with a local community through their legally recognized and communally owned and governed territory, with important implications for the realization of the right to food.


2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Belart ◽  
John Sessions ◽  
Glen Murphy

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lora-Wainwright

This article offers an account of two local options for healing available in contemporary rural Sichuan. Since the recent economic reforms, available healthcare options have multiplied due to social, economic and cultural changes. Yet, rising costs have entailed a narrowing of resources accessible to rural peasantry. In this context, research on the use of local alternatives becomes paramount. The barefoot doctor and bone manipulator discussed below offer accessible healthcare without conspicuously compromising its quality. Their position as members of the local community and experienced healers, who have been practising for over 30 years, enhances faith in their healing powers. A study of these practitioners offers insights into how local people evaluate their services, and highlights the importance of assessing their practice in the terms used by the locals themselves. Case studies drawn from fifteen months of research and experience of living in rural China illustrate that medical choices are situational, strategic and performative. Apparent inconsistencies between villagers' claims and daily practices become intelligible in light of the wider challenges they face. Indeed, evaluation of local healers cannot be divorced from peasants' experience of the cultural, social and economic setting. Focusing on the sufferers' own understanding, feelings and practices surrounding illness and health allows us to appreciate how efficacy is discussed, evaluated and established. In turn it highlights the continuing importance of local healing alternatives.


2018 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Oleksandr DZYUBLYUK

Introduction. The development of forms of money and the evolution of monetary relations affected the assessment of the value of the monetary unit. The problem of understanding the value of money is also complicated by the fact that value is the reflection of the worth of an object, expressed in money, estimating the value of money itself, which is the basis for the effective organization of monetary relations and commodity exchange. Under such circumstances, the rationale for adequate theoretical approaches to understanding the value of money is one of the important tasks in the process of implementing an effective monetary policy as a means of ensuring macroeconomic equilibrium, low inflation and economic growth. Purposes. The purpose of this article is to substantiate and systematize theoretical views on understanding the value of money in the light of the evolution of their forms in the development of monetary relations and those changes that took place in the basic principles of the organization of the monetary system, as well as the formulation of those recommendations for optimizing the basic principles of monetary policy , which should be aimed at ensuring the stability of monetary circulation and the normal functioning of the national economy. Results. The fundamental theoretical approaches to assessing the value of money in the development of money relations and changes in the forms of money in circulation are analyzed and systematized. The article defines the methodological foundations for understanding the value of money and its change, depending on the internal value of a material substance that serves as a general equivalent in the current historical period. Conclusion. An adequate understanding of the value of money serves as the cornerstone of the formation of the principles of monetary policy in a situation where the emission activity of the central bank and its task of maintaining the stability of the national monetary unit are directly determined by the need to bind the aggregate money supply to the needs of the overturn of goods and services. Awareness of the concepts of the value and price of money allows formulating the factors of influence on the stability of the national currency: 1) the stability of prices for goods, reflecting the correspondence of money supply and commodity turnover; 2) the stability of interest rates as the price of credit, which determines the role of money as a factor of production; 3) stability of the exchange rate reflecting the foreign values of the national currency. The main task of the state in the formulation and implementation of economic policies is to maintain the value of the monetary unit at an unchanged level, which is a key condition for successful economic development and the welfare of society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yunita Nurmayanti ◽  
Lisa Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Agung Murti Nugroho

Tatanan spasial (ruang) memperlihatkan hubungan antara arsitektur dan budaya masyarakat setempat. Manusia sebagai makhluk yang berpikir dinamis, memiliki peran besar untuk merubah lingkungan fisik maupun kebudayaan. Tatanan ruang tradisional merupakan warisan leluhur yang harmonis, senantiasa mengalami perubahan untuk beradaptasi dengan modernitas budaya global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis unsur-unsur ruang yang berubah dan (2) menjelaskan faktor-faktor sosial-budaya yang mempengaruhinya, pada objek rumah tinggal tradisional di wilayah kebudayaan Jawa Panaragan. Objek penelitian berupa rumah-rumah berlanggam arsitektur Jawa, yang telah berdiri sejak sebelum era kemerdekaan RI, terletak di wilayah tertua dari permukiman Desa Kaponan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-rasionalistik dengan analisis deskriptif. Penggalian data melalui observasi langsung terhadap objek yang menjadi kasus penelitian dan wawancara silang dengan informan (narasumber dan keyperson) terkait. Variabel penelitian meliputi organisasi, fungsi, hirarki, orientasi serta teritori ruang sebagai panduan untuk mengamati perubahan ruang dalam 2 (dua) periode waktu. Objek/kasus penelitian dipilih secara sengaja berdasar kriteria meliputi rumah lurah, carik, pamong desa dan tokoh masyarakat yang menjabat pada masa lampau, dilengkapi dengan rumah petani serta buruh tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur spasial (ruang) yang banyak berubah adalah organisasi dan teritori ruang sebagai konsekuensi dari penambahan jumlah, jenis dan fungsi ruang. Unsur spasial yang sedikit berubah adalah orientasi dan hirarki ruang karena kuatnya faktor kepercayaan leluhur. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan ruang terutama adalah struktur keluarga dan perubahan gaya hidup seiring meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pendidikan. Kata-kata kunci : perubahan ruang, rumah tradisional, Jawa Panaragan  THE TRADITION BASED ROOM CHANGES IN JAWA PANARAGAN HOUSE OF KAPONAN VILLAGESpatial order (space) shows the relationship between the architecture and the culture of local community. As dynamic thinking creature, human has a major role in changing the physical environment or culture. Order of the traditional spaces which is a harmonious ancestral heritage is constantly changing to adapt to the global culture of modernity. This research aimed to (1) identify and analyze the elements of spatial change and (2) explain the socio-cultural factors that affected it, on the object of traditional house in the Panaragan Javanese cultural area. The object of research were traditional Javanese type of home, built before the era of Indonesia independence (1945), located in the oldest settlement of the Kaponan Village. The research methodology used a qualitative–rationalistic approaches with descriptive analysis. Data mining was conducted through direct observation of objects that became case studies and interviews with related informants and keyperson. Variables of research include organization, function, hierarchy, orientation and territory of spatial (space) as a guide for observing spatial change between two periods of time. Object/case studies were deliberately chosen based on criteria include the house of the village head and officials, teacher and community leaders who served in the past, also added with home of farmers and farmworkers. The results showed that elements of the spatial (space) which was much changed was the organization and territorial spaces as a consequence of the addition of the number, type and function space. The elements of spatial orientation and space hierarchy was less changed, because of the strong ancestral belief and religion. The main factors affecting the occurrence of a spatial change was family structure and lifestyle changes, along with the increasing knowledge and education. Keywords: change spaces, traditional house, Jawa Panaragan REFERENCESAltman, I. & Chemers M.M. (1989). Culture & Environment. New York: Cambridge University Press. Habraken, N. J. (1988(. Type as a Social Agreement. Makalah dalam Asian Congress of Architect. Seoul. Habraken, N.J. (1982). Transformation of The Site. Massachusetts: MITT. Kartono, J.L. (2005). Konsep Ruang Tradisional Jawa dalam Konteks Budaya. Jurnal Dimensi Interior. III (2): 124-136. Marti, M, Jr. (1993). Space Operasional Analisis. USA: PDA Publisher Corporation. Rapoport, A. (2005). Culture, Architecture, and  Design. Chicago: Locke Scientific. Soegijono, Arkham, R, Zaenuri & Setiantoro. (2006). Sekilas Sejarah Desa Kaponan dan Silsilah Penduduknya. Tidak dipublikasikan. Ponorogo. Susilo, G.A. (2010). Peranan Arsitektur Tradisional Jawa dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus Arsitektur Joglo Ponorogo).  Makalah dalam Seminar Nasional FTSP-ITN. Malang. Susilo, G.A. (2015). Model Tipe Bangunan Tradisional Ponorogo.  Makalah dalam Prosiding Temu Ilmiah IPLBI. E 137-E 144. Sutarto A. & Sudikan, S.Y. (Eds. ). (2004). Pendekatan Kebudayaan dalam Pembangunan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sutarto, A. (2004).  "Studi  Pemetaan  Kebudayaan Jawa Timur" Jember: Kompyawisda


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Veneranda Rini Hapsari ◽  
Usman ◽  
Dokman Marulitua Sitomorang

Abstract This study aims to find out entrepreneurial opportunities in the Sekinyak Hamlet aimed at improving the economy. This research method is qualitative, with case studies. The research location is in Lumar sub-district, Sekinyak Hamlet, Bengkayang Regency. The object of this research is the people in Sekinyak Hamlet. Information obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Belimbing Village, Dusun Sekinyak fosters business opportunities for the local community, such as the sale of agricultural produce, culinary businesses and souvenirs. Keywords: entrepreneurial opportunities, tourism potential, environmental management   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui peluang wirausaha yang ada di Dusun Sekinyak yang bertujuan dalam meningkatkan perekonomian. Metode penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif, dengan studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian berada di kecamatan Lumar, Dusun Sekinyak, Kabupaten Bengkayang. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Dusun Sekinyak. Informasi yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini ini menunjukkan bahwa Desa Belimbing, Dusun Sekinyak menumbuhkan peluang usaha bagi masyarakat setempat, seperti usaha penjualan hasil bumi, usaha kuliner maupun souvenir. Kata kunci: peluang wirausaha, potensi wisata, pengelolaan lingkungan


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