scholarly journals Farmland Fragmentation, Farmland Consolidation and Food Security: Relationships, Research Lapses and Future Perspectives

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Pierre Damien Ntihinyurwa ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Agriculture Intensification

Farmland fragmentation and farmland consolidation are two sides of the same coin paradoxically viewed as farmland management tools. While there is a vast body of literature addressing the connections between farmland fragmentation and farmland consolidation on the one hand and agriculture production and crops diversification on the other hand, their relationship with variations in food security is still under-explored. This challenges policy makers about whether and how to devise policies in favor of fragmentation conservation or defragmentation. Therefore, drawing on the multiple secondary data and the deductive logical reasoning through an integrative concept-centric qualitative approach following the rationalist theory, this study critically reviews and analyses the existing body of literature to identify how farmland fragmentation versus defragmentation approaches relate to food security. The goal is to develop and derive an explicit model indicating when, where, how and why farmland fragmentation can be conserved or prevented and controlled for food security motives as a novel alternative comprehensive scientific knowledge generation, which could guide and inform the design of future research and policies about farmland fragmentation management. The findings show that both fragmentation and consolidation variously (positively and negatively) impact on food security at different (macro, meso and micro) levels. While farmland fragmentation is highly linked with food diversification (food quality), acceptability, accessibility, and sovereignty at the local (household and individual) levels, farmland consolidation is often associated with the quantity and availability of food production at the community, regional and national levels. Theoretically, the best management of farmland fragmentation for food security purposes can be achieved by minimizing the problems associated with physical and tenure aspects of farmland fragmentation along with the optimization of its potential benefits. In this regard, farmland consolidation, voluntary parcel exchange and on-field harvest sales, farmland realignment, and farmland use (crop) consolidation can be suitable for the control of physical fragmentation problems under various local conditions. Similarly, farmland banking and off-farm employment, restrictions about the minimum parcel sizes subdivision and absentee owners, joint ownership, cooperative farming, farmland use (crop) consolidation, agricultural land protection policies, and family planning measures can be suitable to prevent and minimize farmland tenure fragmentation problems. On the other hand, various agriculture intensification programs, agroecogical approaches, and land saving technologies can be the most suitable strategies to maximize the income from agriculture on fragmented plots under the circumstances of beneficial fragmentation. Moreover, in areas where both rational and defective fragmentation scenarios coexist, different specific strategies like localized and multicropping based land consolidation approaches in combination with or without agriculture intensification programs, can provide better and more balanced optimal solutions. These could simultaneously minimize the defective effects of fragmentation thereby optimizing or without jeopardizing its potential benefits with regard to food security under specific local conditions.

Apocalypticism as Radical Realism? On the Dangers and Benefits of Wishful Thinking in Prefigurative Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110184
Author(s):  
Ben Cross
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Prefigurative Politics ◽  
Political Question

In this article, I aim to bring apocalypticism and radical realism into conversation, with a view to their mutual interest in prefigurative politics. On one hand, radical realists may worry that an apocalyptic approach to prefigurative politics may be marred by wishful thinking. On the other hand, radical realists can (and sometimes do) acknowledge that wishful thinking is sometimes desirable. I argue that an apocalyptic approach to prefigurative politics suggests one way of guarding against the dangers of wishful thinking, while allowing space for its potential benefits; prefigurativists have reason to pay at least some attention to what Bernard Williams calls ‘The First Political Question’. I will argue for this claim with reference to the case of Omar Aziz, a Syrian activist who played a pivotal role in the construction of local councils in the aftermath of the 2011 protests.

scholarly journals Analisis Ketidakpastian dalam Memanfaatkan Lahan Pertanian di Desa Sukasari Kaler Kecamatan Argapura Majalengka

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sudrajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Other Hand

Abstrak Petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan pertanian selalu berhadapan dengan ketidakpastian. Di sisi lain petani juga harus mempertimbangkan berbagai jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan agar tidak gagal panen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1) mengindentifikasi jenis ketidakpastian yang sering dihadapi petani  dalam  memanfaatkan lahan pertanian; dan  (2) menganalisis pengaruh ketidakpastian terhadap pertimbangan petani dalam menentukan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dari beberapa instansi terkait. Pengukuran ketidakpastian dilakukan menggunakan metode skala likerts. Analisis data di lakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya keragaman jenis  ketidakpastian yang selalu dihadapi petani dalam pemanfaatan lahan pertanian dan ketidakpastian tersebut  telah dijadikan dasar oleh petani untuk mempertimbangan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan.Abstract Farmers in utilizing agricultural land always faced with uncertainty. On the other hand, farmers should also consider various types of commodities which will be endeavored that no crop failure.  Based on the above, the research is conducted with the objectives: (1) to identify the kinds of uncertainties often faced by farmers in utilizing agricultural land for farming activities; (2) to analyzes the influence of uncertainty on the consideration of farmers in determining the type of commodity to be cultivated. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview with farmer while secondary data from several related institutions. Measurement of uncertainty is done using likerts scale method. Data analysis is done descriptively qualitative. The results of the study found that the diversity of types of uncertainty often faced by farmers in agricultural land use and the uncertainty has been used as a basis by farmers to consider the types of commodities to be cultivated.

Het Gebruik Van Connectieven Door Franstalige Leerders Van Het Nederlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Perrez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The One

This article examines first tendencies towards connective usage by French-speaking learners of Dutch. Two sorts of discursive markers were analyzed, viz., attitude and relational markers. The results show two main tendencies. On the one hand, the learners seem to overuse attitude markers. This has been explained by stating that it could be a sign of the difficulty they experienced in organizing texts, establishing coherence and introducing their opinion. This inclination has also been observed for the learner use of the causal connective dus ('so, therefore'). On the other hand, the investigation of the learner usage of backward causal connectives suggests that beginners use a reduced set of frequent connectives, while more experienced learners make use of a more varied set of connectives. The tendencies observed and hypotheses advanced will have to be quantitatively and qualitatively elaborated further in future research as well as expanded to other kinds of connectives.

FOOD SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Access To Food

The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries regarding access to food has clearly improved.

An explorative study into the possible benefits of using humor in creative tasks with a class of primary five pupils

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Boyle ◽  
Niamh Stack
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spoken Dialogue ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Creative Tasks ◽  
Modern Workplace

AbstractCreativity now occupies a legitimate place in the curriculum of U.K. schools. Research on the benefits of creativity and an acute awareness of its necessity in the modern workplace have both served to raise its profile. A number of researchers have investigated factors which are most likely to enhance creativity. Ziv (1983) in particular, has researched how humor can be used to promote creativity in adolescents. This study investigates the potential benefits of introducing humor before tasks which require a creative output from pupils of a younger age. The experiment tested the hypothesis that exposure to humorous stimuli in the form of a film cartoon would improve children's subsequent creativity scores in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (2006). One group observed animated cartoons with humorous spoken dialogue while the other group observed animated cartoons without humorous content before test booklets were administered. The mean overall creativity score in the humorous condition (M = 59.43, SD = 13.11) was lower than the mean for the non-humorous condition (M = 67.00, SD = 8.98). Possible explanations for the results and directions for future research in this relatively new field, exploring the use of humor within education, are discussed.

scholarly journals URGENSI PENETAPAN KRITERIA FAKIR MISKIN BAGI PENYALURAN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Kuntarno Noor Aflah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Literacy Research

Poverty has many definitions, parameters, and standards. From the viewpoint of Islam, many theologians define and measure poverty by various terms and sizes. The difference among theologians’ opinion is caused by poverty terms contained in the Qur’an and Hadits. “Fakir” and “poor” have many meanings. It allows a wide interpretation of the verse and word from theologians. It is also seen from the regulation point in Indonesia, there are many definitions, standards and parameters of poverty. The difference of point of view on determination of poverty criteria and regulations according to Islam in Indonesia shows that the ways of ijtihad by theologians and the government elements is very open. The absence of standard stipulation held, encouraging the writer to conduct a comparative research in this paper; through literacy research. Syafi’i sect does not specify a quantitative standard for poverty. Poverty is only categorized on requirement. As long as people are not able to cover 50% of their basic needs, they are called as fakir. If people are only able to cover close to 70% of their basic needs then they are categorized as poor. Meanwhile, according to Hanafi sect, the qualitative standards turned to the Syafi’i sect. Poor conditions are more severe than the fakir. Besides,the quantitative standard of poverty is one nisab of zakat or the equivalent of 85 grams of gold. On the other hand, BPS and BKKBN formulate the concept and standard of poverty by economic concepts. Poverty is conceptualized as the inability of someone to meet basic consumption needs of the formulation adapted to local conditions respectively.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Alertness Research: Past and Future

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110315
Author(s):  
Ana Dias Daniel ◽  
Shahzada Adeel ◽  
Anabela Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Organizational Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Dynamic Capacity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Other Hand

The construct of entrepreneurial alertness has been gaining considerable interest from academics because it is at the heart of the entrepreneurial process. Consequently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of academic papers over the years. However, this is a highly fragmented field of research that aggregates contributions from researchers in the fields of economics and strategy, entrepreneurship, and psychology. Also, in recent decades, the concept of entrepreneurial alertness has been studied from different perspectives, being considered, on one hand, as cognitive capacity, a dynamic capacity or a skill of the entrepreneur and, on the other hand, as an organizational factor that affects a company’s performance and a source of competitive advantage. The analysis reveals a set of future research avenues that may contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial alertness research field.

scholarly journals The principle of vulnerability and its potential applications in bioethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Enikő Demény
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Bioethics

Abstract The principle of vulnerability is a specific principle within European Bioethics. On the one hand, vulnerability expresses human limits and frailty on the other hand it represents moral and ethical action principles. In this paper a discussion on the relationship between the concepts of autonomy, vulnerability and responsibility is proposed and presentation of some possible applications of the principle of vulnerability within bioethics. In conclusion, some potential benefits of applying the principle of vulnerability as well as possible difficulties in its application are highlighted.

scholarly journals Accumulated and recent migratory at traction in Mexico and Veracruz. Analysis with special reference to the state of Veracruz

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Violeta Alejandra Bastián Lima ◽  
José Dionicio Vázquez Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Construction

La atracción migratoria (reciente y acumulada) es una construcción específica de la migración interna, la cual contiene dinámicas socioeconómicas y culturales, entre otras, desde los centros rurales o urbanos, con perspectivas territoriales y regionales. En México, el indicador de la atracción migratoria reciente muestra mejores condiciones y dinámicas de la economía desde hace siete años. Por su parte, Veracruz presenta desde hace una década un importante crecimiento demográfico y de inmigración interna, además de una significativa migración hacia entidades del norte. En este contexto, el objetivo del artículo es construir indicadores de atracción migratoria y reciente a nivel nacional y para el estado de Veracruz, que sirvan como base para futuras investigaciones que profundicen en las causas y factores de la migración interna, y expliquen las dinámicas entre un territorio y otro. The migratory attraction (recent and accumulated) is a specific construction of internal migration, which contains socio - economic and cultural dynamics, among others; from rural or urban centers, with territorial and regional perspectives. In Mexico, the indicator of recent migration attraction shows the best conditions and dynamics of the economy since seven years ago. On the other hand, Veracruz has had an important demographic and internal immigration growth since a decade, as well as an important migration towards northern entities. In this context, the objective of the article is to build indicators of mig ratory and recent attraction at the national level and for the state of Veracruz, which serve as a basis for future research that delves into the causes and factors of internal migration and explain the dynamics between one territory and another.

Gender Differences and Socioeconomic Status Biases in Judgments About Blame in Date Rape Scenarios

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Black ◽  
David J. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bus Driver

Participants (80 men, 80 women) read hypothetical date rape scenarios, wherein the perpetrator’s socioeconomic status (bus driver versus doctor) and the victim’s level of resistance (verbal versus verbal and physical) were varied, and made judgments about who was at fault and what the consequences should be. In general, men assigned more blame to the victim and less blame to the perpetrator than did women. However, men assigned more blame to the bus driver than to the doctor. Women, on the other hand, assigned more blame to the victim who was raped by the bus driver than to the victim who was raped by the doctor. The results also indicated that participants recommended harsher punishments for the perpetrator when the victim resisted verbally than when she resisted verbally and physically. Future research on the role of the perpetrator’s, the victim’s, and the participants’ socioeconomic status in judgments about date rape is suggested.

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