scholarly journals Review of Experience in Recent Studies on the Dynamics of Land Urbanisation

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Andrzej Biłozor ◽  
Iwona Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
City Center ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Correct Direction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Urbanisation rapidly accelerated in the 20th century. Along with the increasing dynamics of this phenomenon, the desire to know its origins and its course as well as to anticipate its effects is also growing. Investigations into the mechanisms governing urbanisation have become the subject of numerous studies and research projects. In addition, there has been a rapid increase in the number of tools and methods used to track and measure this phenomenon. However, new methods are still being sought to identify changes in space caused by urbanisation. Some of the indicators of urbanisation processes taking place include quantitative, qualitative and structural changes in land use, occurring at a certain time and place. These processes, related to human activity at a given time and in a given area, are determined by spatial diffusion, usually spreading from the city center towards the peripheral zones. Changes in land use involve the transition from less intensive to more intensive forms of land use. The constant effort to acquire new land for development, the search for alternative solutions for the location of investments and the need to determine the correct direction of development generates the need to constantly apply newer methods in the study of the dynamics of urbanisation processes. This paper presents an overview of recent studies and the most interesting—in the authors’ opinion—methods used in research into the dynamics of urbanisation processes. The main objective of the authors was to produce a compendium to guide the reader through the wide range of topics and to provide inspiration for their own research.

scholarly journals Jobs and Land Use within Cities: A Survey of Theory, Evidence, and Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-238
Author(s):  
Arti Grover Goswami ◽  
Somik V Lall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

Abstract Over the last century, the urban spatial structure of cities has transformed dramatically from a traditional monocentric configuration to varying forms of decentralized organization. This paper reviews theory and empirical evidence to understand the urban morphology of jobs and land use within a city. Our survey highlights four broad insights: (i) The evolution of monocentric to polycentric centers have been accompanied by structural changes within the city. (ii) The internal geography of a city is an outcome of the trade-off between the pull from agglomeration economies and the push from congestion. (iii) The presence of externalities implies that the equilibrium spatial organization achieved by profit-maximizing firms may not necessarily be optimal. This justifies the role of public policy in addressing associated market failures. (iv) The productive edge and competitiveness of a city can be enhanced by introducing policies that increase the overall connectivity to take advantage of economic opportunities across the metropolitan area. The survey also puts together a wide range of policy instruments useful in closing the gap between equilibrium urban spatial structures and the optimal outcome.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Localization of Relevant Urban Micro-Consolidation Centers for Last-Mile Cargo Bike Delivery Based on Real Demand Data and City Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Christian Rudolph ◽  
Alexis Nsamzinshuti ◽  
Samuel Bonsu ◽  
Alassane Ballé Ndiaye ◽  
Nicolas Rigo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
City Center ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Logistics Service Provider ◽  
Cargo Bike ◽  
The City ◽  
Weight Allocation ◽  
Use Category

The use of cargo cycles for last-mile parcel distribution requires urban micro-consolidation centers (UMC). We develop an approach to localize suitable locations for UMCs with the consideration of three criteria: demand, land use, and type of road. The analysis considers metric levels (demand), linguistic levels (land use), and cardinal levels (type of road). The land-use category is divided into commercial, residential, mixed commercial and residential, and others. The type of road category is divided into bicycle road, pedestrian zone, oneway road, and traffic-calmed road. The approach is a hybrid multi-criteria analysis combining an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE methods. We apply the approach to the city center of Stuttgart in Germany, using real demand data provided by a large logistics service provider. We compared different scenarios weighting the criteria differently with DART software. The different weight allocation results in different numbers of required UMCs and slightly different locations. This research was able to develop, implement, and successfully apply the proposed approach. In subsequent steps, stakeholders such as logistics companies and cities should be involved at all levels of this approach to validate the selected criteria and depict the “weight” of each criterion.

scholarly journals Robertson at the City: Portrait of a Cemetery Superintendent

Genealogy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Brian Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Association ◽  
Customer Focus ◽  
Professional Recognition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Burial Grounds

Since the nineteenth century the management of burial grounds has been the function of the cemetery superintendent. Responsible as he or she is for maintenance of the site, grave preparation, burial procedures, administration and staffing, the superintendent’s remit has gained complexity in the twentieth century through bureaucratization, legislation and more recently from ‘customer focus’. The shifting preference towards cremation has further widened the scope of the work. Little, however, has been written about the occupation. Focusing on the career of John Robertson, superintendent of the City of London Cemetery and Crematorium between 1913 and 1936, this paper draws from his contributions to The Undertakers’ Journal (TUJ), and in particular a series of articles concerning the design and management of cemeteries that forms the largest collection of literature on the subject published in the twentieth century. The paper also examines his involvement with the National Association of Cemetery Superintendents (NACS), an organization founded to support the occupation’s quest for professional recognition. From a genealogical perspective this article underlines the importance of surveying a wide range of sources when conducting genealogical researching.

Understanding the Shared E-scooter Travels in Austin, TX

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Jiao ◽  
Shunhua Bai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Street Connectivity ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
City Center ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper investigated the travel patterns of 1.7 million shared E-scooter trips from April 2018 to February 2019 in Austin, TX. There were more than 6000 active E-scooters in operation each month, generating over 150,000 trips and covered approximately 117,000 miles. During this period, the average travel distance and operation time of E-scooter trips were 0.77 miles and 7.55 min, respectively. We further identified two E-scooter usage hotspots in the city (Downtown Austin and the University of Texas campus). The spatial analysis showed that more trips originated from Downtown Austin than were completed, while the opposite was true for the UT campus. We also investigated the relationship between the number of E-scooter trips and the surrounding environments. The results show that areas with higher population density and more residents with higher education were correlated with more E-scooter trips. A shorter distance to the city center, the presence of transit stations, better street connectivity, and more compact land use were also associated with increased E scooter usage in Austin, TX. Surprisingly, the proportion of young residents within a neighborhood was negatively correlated with E-scooter usage.

scholarly journals Challenges of Urban Green Space and Its Accessibility in Planning District-12, Mysuru City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Yashaswini S* ◽  
Shankar B
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

Improving the Accessibility of Urban Green Space (UGS) is an integral part of city planning system. People with better access to green space enjoy a wide range of health benefits. Therefore, it is a crucial element to be taken care and nourished in a land use framework. Mysore City is one of the planned large cities in India. The City had a population of about 0.9 million in 2011 and it is estimated to cross the million mark by 2021. There is a growing consciousness on health and wellbeing among the people resulting an increasing demand for urban green spaces both at neighbourhood and city levels. The accessibility helps in promoting usage of UGS and maintaining the balance in environment within the city areas. The main aim of this paper is to study the existing scenario of the UGS within the planning district-12 and to analyse the green space accessibility. The land use of Mysuru city is analysed to understand the city and the micro level land use analysis of Planning district-12 is made. The existing scenario of the UGS within the study area and its accessibility is analysed using different accessibility indicators. Considering the key findings, issues and challenges are identified. Later the suggestions and recommendations for the identified issues is proposed to enhance the green spaces quality and accessibility at neighbourhood levels. The Accessible Natural Green space Standard (ANGst) type of accessibility analysis has been carried to know UGS functionality. Henceforth urban green space network at Planning District levels (local levels) in the City of Mysuru is prepared as a model which can be implemented to the city as whole at the later stages

scholarly journals Application of the urban reconstruction methods in the central city area of Nis

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Milena Dinic ◽  
Petar Mitkovic ◽  
Jelena Velev ◽  
Ivana Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
City Center ◽  
Modern City ◽  
City Area ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The urban reconstruction nowadays is a future of a modern city. The subject of the urban reconstruction is primarily the historical nucleus of the city, as the most attractive urban unit and the city growth generator. That is why the issue of urban reconstruction of the central city area is extremely important. The city nucleus of Nis has undergone numerous transformations during its development from the fortified city, to the town with Oriental characteristics, to the modern city center of the polycentric city. Reconstruction of Nis as a medium-sized city, with the significant role in the system of Serbian center network, is the issue of the strategic importance for the economic development of the country. Considering the cultural and style diversity of the Nis center, the issue of its urban reconstruction is a very complex procedure. The application of the various methods of urban reconstruction, which have been used in the past decade, is demonstrated on three analyzed examples in the central city area of Nis. These methods have been selected in order to activate, improve and revive the central city area. The paper describes the regeneration principles of these areas and investigates whether they are similar to the current trends in the world.

scholarly journals The Use of a Park and Ride System—A Case Study Based on the City of Cracow (Poland)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
City Center ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
System A ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The park and ride (P&R) parking type is usually located near peripheral public transport stops. These parking places are dedicated to people who, after leaving their vehicle in the parking, continue their journey to the city center using some form of public transport such as bus, metro, rail or tram systems. This article aims to examine the features associated with P&R parking locations in use in Cracow (Poland). The analysis included the number of entries and exits to and from parking during particular periods of the day, week and year, parking time of vehicles, and parking space use. A parking peak hour factor was also calculated, which expresses the crowding degree of vehicle entries/exits in/out parking during a particular period. In addition, the paper presents an analysis of factors determining users to P&R parking use. In the modeling process, logit models were used, which, as stated after analyzing the literature on the subject, were already used in various countries around the world to describe the behavior of P&R parking users. However, so far, such research relating to Polish conditions has been not published in the available literature. The obtained results allowed to state that the most important factors determining the likelihood of using P&R parking in Cracow are age, number of years having a driving license, monthly income (gross), and an average number of trips made during a day. Other variables, which not included in the study, can influence the P&R parking use. However, the presented results are the basis for conducting furtherer, more in-depth analyses based on a larger number of independent variables that may determine the P&R parking use.

scholarly journals A Satellite-Based Land Use Regression Model of Ambient NO2 with High Spatial Resolution in a Chinese City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Changyuan Yang ◽  
Qingyang Xiao ◽  
Guannan Geng ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
City Center ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Density Population

Previous studies have reported that intra-urban variability of NO2 concentrations is even higher than inter-urban variability. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have developed satellite-derived land use regression (LUR) models to predict ground-level NO2 concentrations, though only a few have been conducted at a city scale. In this study, we developed a satellite-derived LUR model to predict seasonal NO2 concentrations at a city scale by including satellite-retrieved NO2 tropospheric column density, population density, traffic indicators, and NOx emission data. The R2 of model fitting and 10-fold cross validation were 0.70 and 0.61 for the satellite-derived seasonal LUR model, respectively. The satellite-based LUR model captured seasonal patterns and fine gradients of NO2 variations at a 100 m × 100 m resolution and demonstrated that NO2 pollution in winter is 1.46 times higher than that in summer. NO2 concentrations declined significantly with increasing distance from roads and with increasing distance from the city center. In Suzhou, 84% of the total population lived in areas with NO2 concentrations exceeding the annual-mean standard at 40 μg/m3 in 2014. This study demonstrated that satellite-retrieved data could help increase the accuracy and temporal resolution of the traditional LUR models at a city scale. This application could support exposure assessment at a high resolution for future epidemiological studies and policy development pertaining to air quality control.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Prioritas Penanganan Banjir Di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah Kota Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmi Nur Rahman ◽  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
West Java ◽  
Buffer Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Alternative Solutions

<p>As time goes, the pace of growth and social functioning of the physical and socio-economic areas of Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi) experienced rapid development, so the policy of national spatial and policy The provincial spatial of West Java emphasized the need for adequate infrastructure development to make the city of Bogor ideal as a buffer area (hinterland) of DKI Jakarta. Referring to the condition of development dynamics of Bogor City, two important things to consider are changes in land use and spatial planning, because city drainage problems arise due to these changes. then to anticipate these problems, it is necessary to immediately review the Bogor City drainage masterplan, and it is necessary to study the material and formulate alternative solutions in the area that will be prioritized for handling. This study aimed to discuss about the arrangement of areas that will be prioritized for handling, based on Peraturan Menteri Pekerja Umum No. 12 Tahun 2014 about concerning Procedures for Planning a City Drainage System. This study can be used as a recommendation to determine priority areas for Central Bogor District.</p>

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