scholarly journals Infiltration Capacity of Rain Gardens Using Full-Scale Test Method: Effect of Infiltration System on Groundwater Levels in Bergen, Norway

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Guri Venvik ◽  
Floris Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Infiltration Test ◽  
Scale Test

The rain gardens at Bryggen in Bergen, Western Norway, is designed to collect, retain, and infiltrate surface rainfall runoff water, recharge the groundwater, and replenish soil moisture. The hydraulic infiltration capacity of the Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS), here rain gardens, has been tested with small-scale and full-scale infiltration tests. Results show that infiltration capacity meets the requirement and is more than sufficient for infiltration in a cold climate. The results from small-scale test, 245–404 mm/h, shows lower infiltration rates than the full-scale infiltration test, with 510–1600 mm/h. As predicted, an immediate response of the full-scale infiltration test is shown on the groundwater monitoring in the wells located closest to the infiltration point (<30 m), with a ca. 2 days delayed response in the wells further away (75–100 m). Results show that there is sufficient capacity for a larger drainage area to be connected to the infiltration systems. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of infiltration systems such as how a rain garden interacts with local, urban water cycle, both in the hydrological and hydrogeological aspects. The results from this study show that infiltration systems help to protect and preserve the organic rich cultural layers below, as well as help with testing and evaluating of the efficiency, i.e., SuDS may have multiple functions, not only storm water retention. The functionality is tested with water volumes of 40 m3 (600 L/min for 2 h and 10 min), comparable to a flash flood, which give an evaluation of the infiltration capacity of the system.

Numerical evaluation of contaminants mixing uniformity in a full-scale test chamber with mixing fan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2097902
Author(s):  
Hai-Xia Xu ◽  
Yu-Tong Mu ◽  
Yin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wen-Quan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Scale Test

Most existing models and standards for volatile organic compounds emission assume that contaminants are uniform in the testing devices. In this study, a three-dimensional transient numerical model was proposed to simulate the mass transport process based on a full-scale test chamber with a mixing fan, and the airflow field and contaminants concentration distribution were obtained within the chamber under airtight and ventilated conditions. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. The numerical results show that the contaminant source position and the airflow field characteristics have significant impact on the contaminant mixing, and the fan rotation has an important role in accelerating mixing. In the initial mixing stage, the concentration distribution is obviously uneven; as the mixing progresses, it gradually reaches acceptable uniformity except for some sensitive regions, such as high concentration region at the injection point of the contaminants and low concentration region at the air inlet. To ensure test accuracy, the monitor should avoid above sensitive regions; and some special regions are recommended where contaminant concentration uniformity can be reached sooner. The ventilated chamber results indicate that the mixture of contaminants in the chamber is actually better than the results shown by conventional test method.

Evaluation of Wearing Pipe for Subsea Mining With Large Particles in Slurry Transportation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Takano ◽  
Masao Ono ◽  
Sotaro Masanobu
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Maximum Particle ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Set Up

For a fundamental understanding of pipe wear under hydraulic transportation of deep-sea mining, a small scale test is conducted because there are many restrictions in conducting a full scale test. The small scale test apparatus are set up using the pipes of about 80mm in diameter and the rocks of which maximum particle diameters are about 20mm are used. In the test, the pipe materials and the pipe inclination are changed to evaluate the differential of the amount of pipe material loss. Furthermore, the amount of the pipe material loss in full scale is estimated based on the small scale test results.

Modal Analysis of Linear Guide Way Junction Surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Sheng Le Ren ◽  
Tian Yu Cheng ◽  
Ye Dai
Keyword(s):  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Many

Rails is an affordable, fixed, direct the mobile device. Among the many factors that affect performance, the rail surface is a very important factor. This article use test method gets the static stiffness of joint surface and the top five bands of the natural frequency and damping ratio for small linear guides. Test access to the static stiffness will be important in finite element analysis of input parameters. In the course of the study, analysis of dynamic performance of small - scale test guide, Study on Effect of surface characteristics on the structure of the component. By comparing the small guide the results of the analysis and the experimental results to verify the validity and accuracy of the analysis method.

scholarly journals Influence and evaluation of constraint on fracture toughness in pipeline research

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Matthias Verstraete ◽  
Stijn Hertelé ◽  
Wim De Waele ◽  
Rudi Denys
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Defect Tolerance ◽  
Edge Notch ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Tearing Resistance ◽  
Key Parameter

Accessing nowadays fossil fuel reserves requires a strain-based design approach. Within suchdesign, the ductile tearing resistance is a key parameter in assessing the defect tolerance. To determinethis tearing resistance, full scale (pressurized) tests can be performed. However, such approach would becostly and time consuming. Consequently, effort is made to select appropriate small scale test specimens.Most research has focused so far on the single edge notch bend (SENB) and tensile (SENT) specimen. Toevaluate the suitability of these test specimens, the crack tip stress fields can be examined or theresistance curves compared with full scale structures. This paper aims at comparing the trends observedusing these techniques. Furthermore, the suitability of the small scale test specimens is evaluated. It isconcluded that sufficiently long (length-to-width ratio equal to ten) clamped SENT specimens have thepotential to predict the tearing resistance of full scale pipes. In addition, the internal pressure does notsignificantly affect the fracture toughness. These conclusions are stated by both experimental results andfinite element simulations.

SMALL-SCALE TEST METHOD FOR RAILWAY DYNAMICS

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Heliot
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Railway Dynamics ◽  
Scale Test

scholarly journals Small Scale Test Method To Determine The Capacity Of The Ballistic Protection Materials To Mitigate The Blast Overpressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Luminiţa-Cristina Alil ◽  
Liviu Matache ◽  
Simona Maria Badea ◽  
Florin Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Ballistic Protection ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Properties Of Materials

Abstract In order to design and implement ballistic protective equipment, several common stages in developing any product must be taken (technical studies, technological demonstrators, prototypes, etc.). The final stage should be the testing-assessing of development phase, followed by the homologation of the product obtained, which is a compulsory stage. In order to characterize the properties of shock waves passing through various materials and media (air, water, materials for ballistic protection), certain techniques and working procedures were established. The most common method is testing in the shooting range where the real conditions of a detonation can be faithfully reproduced. Such tests, however, despite being the most accurate and reliable way to check the shock waves mitigation properties of materials, in addition to being extremely dangerous activities, most often require expensive materials and full-scale structures. In the first stage of development, the new materials have to be selected through the small scale tests performed in laboratory. This paper presents one test procedure that could be used to determine the capacity of the ballistic protection materials to mitigate the effects of the shock wave in laboratory conditions and at low cost.

Methodologies for Predicting the Effectiveness of Full-Scale Fixed-Bed Regenerators from Small-Scale Test Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Easwaran N. Krishnan ◽  
Hadi Ramin ◽  
Gurubalan Annadurai ◽  
Wahab O. Alabi ◽  
Carey J. Simonson
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Predictive Method ◽  
Scale Test

Abstract Fixed-bed regenerators (FBRs) are air-to-air energy exchangers used to reduce energy consumption in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Since energy savings are directly related to the effectiveness of FBRs, testing is essential to determine the effectiveness of FBRs for quality assurances and during product development. However, testing of full-scale FBRs has disadvantages such as requiring full-scale prototypes, a high volume of conditioned airflow, long tests, and large testing laboratories. The disadvantages are especially crucial during product development and can be overcome by small-scale testing provided the test data can be used to evaluate accurately full-scale FBRs. The major contribution of this paper is two new methodologies (one direct method and one predictive method) to determine the sensible effectiveness of full-scale FBRs from small-scale test data. In the direct method, the effectiveness of the full-scale FBR is determined directly from the small-scale test data, whereas in the predictive method the effectiveness is determined using a numerical model and a literature correlation in addition to the small-scale test data. Both methods are shown to have uncertainties within the specified uncertainty limits required by testing standards and are applied to evaluate the influence of geometrical parameters (corrugation angle and corrugation depth) on the effectiveness of FBRs. These proposed test methods and results will be useful in the design and development of FBRs for HVAC applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document