scholarly journals Small Scale Test Method To Determine The Capacity Of The Ballistic Protection Materials To Mitigate The Blast Overpressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Luminiţa-Cristina Alil ◽  
Liviu Matache ◽  
Simona Maria Badea ◽  
Florin Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Ballistic Protection ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Properties Of Materials

Abstract In order to design and implement ballistic protective equipment, several common stages in developing any product must be taken (technical studies, technological demonstrators, prototypes, etc.). The final stage should be the testing-assessing of development phase, followed by the homologation of the product obtained, which is a compulsory stage. In order to characterize the properties of shock waves passing through various materials and media (air, water, materials for ballistic protection), certain techniques and working procedures were established. The most common method is testing in the shooting range where the real conditions of a detonation can be faithfully reproduced. Such tests, however, despite being the most accurate and reliable way to check the shock waves mitigation properties of materials, in addition to being extremely dangerous activities, most often require expensive materials and full-scale structures. In the first stage of development, the new materials have to be selected through the small scale tests performed in laboratory. This paper presents one test procedure that could be used to determine the capacity of the ballistic protection materials to mitigate the effects of the shock wave in laboratory conditions and at low cost.

scholarly journals Characterization of self-heating in stored waste

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Persson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Scale Test

A common cause of fires in large bulk storages is spontaneous combustion. This project aimed at creating a general test procedure and an evaluation methodology to obtain relevant risk parameters for different types of waste with respect to self-heating characteristics and the risk of spontaneous combustion. SLF (Shredder Light Fraction) from shredding of automobiles has been used as a pilot waste. The methodology is aiming at being used by e.g. the waste management sector in order to examine the propensity to self-heating of a specific waste fraction. Based on such characterization, storage could be better planned to avoid fires. The work of the project showed that with a combination of a relatively large scale test method (1 m3), and isothermal calorimetry one can study both how a material behaves regarding self-heating in bulk form and how the various constituent components affect self-heating. This means that these methods can give an indication on the cause of a specific fire, on which components of a given waste contribute to the self-heating, on how a particular mixture behaves in relationships to another, etc. In summary the developed methodology involves: 1) Representative sampling and characterization of the waste including grinding of subsamples for analysis by laboratory methods, 2) Analysis of heat generation from self-heating by isothermal calorimetry, 3) Determination of thermal properties of the waste bulk material by using a small-scale test method (TPS) for the heat capacity and for the effective thermal conductivity, 4) Large scale self-heating tests with the waste in its original fraction to provide information on critical temperatures for varying storage conditions.

scholarly journals Infiltration Capacity of Rain Gardens Using Full-Scale Test Method: Effect of Infiltration System on Groundwater Levels in Bergen, Norway

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Guri Venvik ◽  
Floris Boogaard
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Infiltration Test ◽  
Scale Test

The rain gardens at Bryggen in Bergen, Western Norway, is designed to collect, retain, and infiltrate surface rainfall runoff water, recharge the groundwater, and replenish soil moisture. The hydraulic infiltration capacity of the Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS), here rain gardens, has been tested with small-scale and full-scale infiltration tests. Results show that infiltration capacity meets the requirement and is more than sufficient for infiltration in a cold climate. The results from small-scale test, 245–404 mm/h, shows lower infiltration rates than the full-scale infiltration test, with 510–1600 mm/h. As predicted, an immediate response of the full-scale infiltration test is shown on the groundwater monitoring in the wells located closest to the infiltration point (<30 m), with a ca. 2 days delayed response in the wells further away (75–100 m). Results show that there is sufficient capacity for a larger drainage area to be connected to the infiltration systems. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of infiltration systems such as how a rain garden interacts with local, urban water cycle, both in the hydrological and hydrogeological aspects. The results from this study show that infiltration systems help to protect and preserve the organic rich cultural layers below, as well as help with testing and evaluating of the efficiency, i.e., SuDS may have multiple functions, not only storm water retention. The functionality is tested with water volumes of 40 m3 (600 L/min for 2 h and 10 min), comparable to a flash flood, which give an evaluation of the infiltration capacity of the system.

scholarly journals Desain Media Pembelajaran Menggunakan Software Adobe Flash Professional CS6 pada Materi Unsur Transisi Periode Keempat

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Vonia Revi Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Instructional Media ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Adobe Flash ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Creative Suite

The lack of use of computer technology as a instructional media is a problem that needs to be addressed in the world of education today because in the current era of globalization, the latest technology-based instructional media must be familiar. The purpose of this study is to see how the level of validity and practicality of instructional media designed using Adobe Flash Professional Creative Suite (CS) 6. This research refers to Research and Development with 4-D model (Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination) recommended by Thiagarajan. This research is done until third stage of development in the small-scale test. Data collection techniques used in the form of documentation and questionnaires. The data obtained come from 2 validators (material experts and media experts), 5 chemistry teachers, and 10 students from two high school namely SMA Negeri 8 Pekanbaru and SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. The results showed that the instructional media designed using Adobe Flash Professional Creative Suite 6 software has a validity level by material experts by 90% with very valid criteria and validity level by the media expert of 83% with very valid criteria and the practicality level of teachers by 87% with very practical criteria and 90% practicality of students with very practical criteria.   Kata Kunci: The Design and Test, Instructional Media, Adobe Flash Professional CS6, Fourth Transition Material Elements Period

Modal Analysis of Linear Guide Way Junction Surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Sheng Le Ren ◽  
Tian Yu Cheng ◽  
Ye Dai
Keyword(s):  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Static Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Many

Rails is an affordable, fixed, direct the mobile device. Among the many factors that affect performance, the rail surface is a very important factor. This article use test method gets the static stiffness of joint surface and the top five bands of the natural frequency and damping ratio for small linear guides. Test access to the static stiffness will be important in finite element analysis of input parameters. In the course of the study, analysis of dynamic performance of small - scale test guide, Study on Effect of surface characteristics on the structure of the component. By comparing the small guide the results of the analysis and the experimental results to verify the validity and accuracy of the analysis method.

SMALL-SCALE TEST METHOD FOR RAILWAY DYNAMICS

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Heliot
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Railway Dynamics ◽  
Scale Test

Smoke Release Rates: Modified Smoke Chamber versus Cone Calorimeter-Comparison of Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Electrical Cable ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Smoke Chamber ◽  
Flooring Materials

In North America, some of the products used in building con struction (e.g., resilient floor coverings, carpets and electrical cable) are regulated using ASTM E 662 Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Den sity of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials. However, technical shortcomings, in this ASTM standard, as symbolized by its many limitations on use, cau tionary statements and caveats, often renders results of E 662 smoke density tests meaningless. In recent years, many leading fire scientists have suggested that the small-scale laboratory test most proficient in illustrating the propen sity of materials to release smoke in larger fires is ASTM E 1354 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter (cone calorimeter), and as a result this test procedure has been suggested as an alternative to E 662. Modifica tions were made to the smoke chamber and the procedure for reporting the resulting data so that static smoke generation data produced with the smoke chamber could be related to dynamic smoke release rate data from cone calorimeter tests. The values for peak extinction area for smoke released by four flooring materials (Douglas fir plywood, oak lumber, carpet and resilient flooring) as determined using the modified smoke chamber method were ap proximately one-half the values obtained from the cone calorimeter. However, when specified time intervals were considered, the values for specific extinction area were approximately equal by these two procedures. This suggests that values for specific extinction area are independent of the irradiance to which samples were exposed.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Nurhidayah . ◽  
R Mursid ◽  
Ibrahim Gultom
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Contextual Teaching

Abstrak: Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media belajar dalam pembelajaran Contextual Teaching And Learning. Media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis CTL ini mengembangkan materi Hope and Dream dengan subjek penelitian pada SMA Negeri 20 Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, angket tanggapan, lembar observasi, angket pengamatan, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian pengembangan media melalui beberapa tahap yaitu tahapan defenisi dilakukan wawancara analisis kebutuhan dan masalah yang ada pada lokasi penelitian pengembangan. Tahap kedua dilakukan perancangan media berupa naskah media yang akan dikembangakan. Tahap terakhir adalah tahap pengembangan dilakukannya penilaian pada hasil media yang dikembangakan kemudian diuji cobakan terhadap siswa skala kecil dan skala besar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran berupa media interaktif   berbasis  CTL layak  digunakan  dalam pembelajaran. Terbukti dengan penilaian oleh ahli materi mendapat nilai rata-rata 4.48 dengan tingkat persentase kelayakan 89.58% dengan kategori “Layak”, ahli media mendapat nilai rata-rata 4.27 dengan  tingkat persentase kelayakan 85.36% dengan kategori “Layak”, ahli desain pembelajaran 3.78 dengan tingkat persentase kelayakan 75.56% dengan kategori “Layak” serta pendapat siswa pada uji skala kecil 3.64 dengan tingkat persentase kelayakan 74.67% dengan kategori “Layak” selanjutnya uji skala besar 3.65 dengan tingkat persentase kelayakan 75.12 % dengan kategori “Layak”. Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran interaktif,  contextual teaching and learning, bahasa inggris Abstract: This development research aims to develop learning media in learning Contextual Teaching And Learning. CTL-based interactive learning media develops Hope and Dream material with research subjects at SMA Negeri 20 Medan. Data collection techniques using interview methods, response questionnaires, observation sheets, observation questionnaires, and documentation. Media development research through several stages, namely the definition stage interviews conducted analysis of needs and problems that exist at the location of research development. The second stage is media design in the form of a media script that will be developed. The last stage is the stage of development to do an assessment of the results of the developed media then tested on small and large scale students. Based on the results of research into the development of instructional media in the form of interactive media based on CTL is suitable for use in learning. Evidenced by the assessment by the material experts got an average value of 4.48 with a level of eligibility percentage 89.58% with the category "Eligible", media experts received an average value of 4.27 with a percentage level of eligibility 85.36% with the category "Eligible", learning design expert 3.78 with a level the percentage of eligibility 75.56% with the category "Eligible" and students' opinions on the small scale test 3.64 with a level of eligibility percentage 74.67% with the category "Eligible" then the large scale test of 3.65 with a percentage level of eligibility of 75.12% with the "Eligible" category. Keywords: interactive learning media, contextual teaching and learning, English

Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

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