Otoacoustic Emissions in Children with Long-Term Middle Ear Disease

Introduction: Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) evaluate the functional status of the cochlea. Repeated otitis media (OM) can cause changes in the peripheral structures of the auditory system, and, in this way, middle ear infection may irreversibly damage the middle ear, or even the cochlea. Objectives: To analyze the results of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in individuals with a history of OM. Method: Participants with 8 to 16 years of schooling were split into two groups: a control group (CG) of 50 subjects who had no history of otological disease and an experimental group (EG) of 50 subjects who had a history of recurrent otitis in childhood and had consequently undergone myringotomy to insert bilateral ventilation tubes. All children underwent basic audiological assessment (tonal audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittance testing) and otoacoustic emission testing (TEOAEs and DPOAEs). Results: There were no significant differences between the groups when audiometrically tested via air and bone conduction. OAEs were found in all CG subjects. For the EG, there were no TEOAE responses in 17 ears and no DPOAEs in nine ears; response amplitudes were lower at all frequencies. The emission level and the signal-to-noise ratio were statistically different between the two groups, and OAEs in the EG were statistically smaller compared to the GC. Conclusion: In the EG, responses were more likely to be absent and were of statistically smaller amplitude compared to the CG. A history of repeated OM apparently interferes with the generation and transmission of TEOAEs and DPOAEs.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Body Position on Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Testing

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.15.8.4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (08) ◽

pp. 566-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlie Driscoll ◽

Joseph Kei ◽

Jenny Shyu ◽

Natasha Fukai

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Body Position ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Position Effects ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Emission Testing ◽

Common Clinical Practice

Otoacoustic emissions are frequently acquired from patients in a variety of body positions aside from the standard, seated orientation. Yet little knowledge is available regarding whether these deviations will produce nonpathological changes to the clinical results obtained. The present study aimed to describe the effects of body position on the distortion-product otoacoustic emissions of 60 normal-hearing adults. With particular attention given to common clinical practice, the Otodynamics ILO292, and the measurement parameters of amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, and noise were utilized. Significant position-related effects and interactions were revealed for all parameters. Specifically, stronger emissions in the mid frequencies and higher noise levels at the extreme low and high frequencies were produced by testing subjects while lying on their side compared with the seated position. Further analysis of body position effects on emissions is warranted, in order to determine the need for clinical application of position-dependent normative data.

Download Full-text

Effect of Caffeine on Otoacoustic Emissions

Annals of Otology and Neurotology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735385 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kumar Sanish Drepath ◽

Athira Rajan ◽

Srikanth Nayak ◽

Arya Vijay ◽

Sathish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Large Population ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Coffee Intake ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Study Results ◽

Before And After

Abstract Introduction Caffeine is consumed everyday in a variety of ways by a large population around the world, including coffee, tea, and soft drinks. Therefore, there is a significant need to explore the effects of caffeine on human auditory system. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on cochlea using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Materials and Methods Thirty-three young adults were recruited for the study. The effect of caffeine on cochlea was assessed using DPOAE at frequencies between 1 to 10 kHz before and after caffeine consumption. Results The signal to noise ratio of DPOAE was compared before and after coffee intake, which revealed no significant differences. Conclusion The current study results suggest that caffeine has no effect on cochlear functioning.

Download Full-text

Effect of chronic suppurative otitis media on distortion product otoacoustic emission input–output functions in conventional and ultra-high frequencies

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215119002123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (11) ◽

pp. 995-1004

Author(s):

S I Kirubaharane ◽

S Palani ◽

A Alexander ◽

A Sreenivasan

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Distortion Product

AbstractBackgroundDetection and valid measurements of distortion product otoacoustic emissions are not influenced by cochlear status alone, but also by middle-ear status. There is a need to understand the use of ultra-high frequency distortion product otoacoustic emissions in cases of abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emission findings for conventional frequencies related to the middle-ear condition.MethodThe present study investigated distortion product otoacoustic emission input–output functions in conventional and ultra-high frequencies in: 37 adults with chronic suppurative otitis media (clinical group) and 37 adults with normal hearing sensitivity (control group).ResultsThere were significant reductions in distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude and mean signal-to-noise ratio in the clinical group compared to the control group, especially for conventional frequencies.ConclusionThere was a significant reduction in the rate of ears with measurable distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the clinical group, especially for conventional frequencies. The effect of chronic suppurative otitis media was more pronounced in the conventional frequency range compared to the smaller effect seen in the ultra-high frequency range.

Download Full-text

Injectable Form of Cross-Linked Hyaluronan is Effective for Middle Ear Wound Healing

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940711600908 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (9) ◽

pp. 667-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Simon Angeli ◽

Sarah Connell ◽

Brian Gibson ◽

Ali Ozdek ◽

John T. McElveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Study ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: Two studies were designed to investigate a hyaluronan (HA) gel for middle ear (ME) wound healing. Methods: We used a guinea pig model of ME wound healing. In a long-term study, we performed a comparison of hearing and ME inflammation in 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 8) underwent bilateral wounding of ME mucosa and unilateral packing of the ME with HA gel (Sepragel). Group 2 (n = 6) was the same as group 1 except that the packing was absorbable bovine collagen sponges (Gelfoam). Group 3, the control group (n = 14), had operated, unpacked ears. In a short-term study, we investigated ME retention of HA gel at 1 and 2 weeks (n = 16). Results: At 1 week, all ears showed decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) secondary to ME packing and postsurgical inflammation. The controls recovered preoperative DPOAEs and ABRs by week 2. Group 1 had decreased low-frequency DPOAEs at weeks 2 and 6, but their high-frequency DPOAEs and ABRs recovered to preoperative values by week 6. Group 2 had hearing losses that persisted throughout the study. Group 1 showed normal ME and inner ear histologic characteristics. Group 2 showed inflammatory cells within the ME and cochleas. Group 1 showed less packing retention than did group 2 at week 6 (p = 016). Eighty-five percent of the HA packing remained at 1 week, and 73% at 2 weeks. Conclusions: Hyaluronan gel was a relatively safe and effective ME packing material in our animal model.

Download Full-text

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions following stapedectomy versus stapedotomy

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109991150 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 16-18

Author(s):

L Migirov ◽

M Wolf

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Stapes Surgery ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Control Group ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Gap Closure

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate distortion product otoacoustic emissions following stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis, and to compare in this respect two surgical techniques used in our department.Method:This retrospective study included 17 stapedectomy and 23 stapedotomy patients aged 16–68 years who had been followed up for at least 12 months. Distortion product otoacoustic emission results at 2, 3, 4 and 5 kHz (i.e. =f2, with 2f1 − f2 = 0.6f2) were obtained pre-operatively and four weeks post-operatively. The control group included 13 volunteers aged 18–50 years with normal hearing and normal otoscopic findings.Results:Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were detected pre-operatively in 34.8 per cent of stapedotomy patients and 29.4 per cent of stapedectomy patients, and post-operatively in 91.3 per cent of stapedotomy patients and 88.2 per cent of stapedectomy patients. The differences between the stapedotomy and stapedectomy groups were statistically insignificant for each tested frequency, both pre- and post-operatively. The patients' post-operative distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes were less than those of normal hearing individuals, even in patients with complete air–bone gap closure and a significant improvement in hearing.Conclusion:Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were detected in most of our patients following successful stapes surgery, and appeared to be unaffected by the surgical technique or prosthesis used.

Download Full-text

Effect of middle-ear effusion on otoacoustic emissions

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/00222150260293592 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 116 (10) ◽

pp. 794-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sang W. Yeo ◽

Shi-Nae Park ◽

Yong Soo Park ◽

Byung Do Suh

Keyword(s):

Middle Ear ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Bone Conduction ◽

Middle Ear Effusion ◽

Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Distortion Product ◽

The Relationship ◽

Ear Effusion

Because otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are transmitted from the cochlea to the ear canal via the middle ear, the transmission properties of the middle ear directly influence OAEs’ characteristics. In general, middle-ear effusion (MEE) reduces measured emission amplitudes and sometimes eliminates the response entirely. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the conduction of the middle ear and OAEs’ properties and to elucidate the effect of middle-ear effusion on detecting OAEs’. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded from 44 normal ears and 32 ears with middle-ear effusion. DPOAEs were collected in two basic forms consisting of distortion product audiograms (DP grams) and input-output (I-O) functions, elicited by two primary tones F1 and F2 and varying geometric mean frequencies between 1–6 kHz. The results of air and bone conduction hearing levels in pure tone audiogram were also analysed. In 21 ears out of 32 otitis media with effusion (OME) ears, SOAEs were absent. In the 28 ears with middle-ear effusion, the response and wave reproducibility were diminished, and in the 17 ears with middle-ear effusion, the DP gram was diminished or eliminated. In particular, I-O function curves at 3 kH and 4 kHz were diminished by the primary tones of 45 and 55 dB under the condition of MEE. The SOAEs, TEOAEs and DPOAEs (DP gram and I-O function curve) are highly reliable and useful tests for monitoring changes in middle-ear condition in children with OME and in predicting the course of OME.

Download Full-text

Otoacoustic emissions in young adults with a history of otitis media

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105004871 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sule Yilmaz ◽

Ahmet Rifat Karasalihoglu ◽

Abdullah Tas ◽

Recep Yagiz ◽

Memduha Tas

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product ◽

The Third ◽

Hearing Thresholds ◽

History Of

The aim of this study was to investigate otoacoustic emissions in young adults who had a history of otitis media (OM) in childhood and to assess whether a history of OM had an irreversible effect on hearing. We studied 116 cases between 15 and 25 years of age, divided into three groups. Each subject underwent a single examination comprising otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing. Subjects in the first and second groups had normal audiometric hearing thresholds and type A tympanograms. The only difference between the first and second group was the presence or absence of a history of OM. The third group consisted of patients diagnosed as having active OM; these patients had poorer hearing thresholds and type B or C tympanograms. After statistical analysis of TEOAE and DPOAE results (one-way analysis of variance test), significant differences were noted between groups. Otoacoustic emission levels were, unsurprisingly, lowest in the third group, as expected. However, the most striking result in the study was that significantly fewer otoacoustic emissions were detected in subjects with a history of OM than in subjects without a history of OM. These findings suggest that OM in childhood may cause minor but irreversible damage to the middle ear or cochlea. Otoacoustic emissions testing can be used to detect this sub-clinical damage.

Download Full-text

Is There An Ototoxicity Risk from Cortisporin and Comparable Otic Suspensions? Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Findings

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556131209100307 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 106-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonard P. Berenholz ◽

Dyana L. Rossi ◽

William H. Lippy ◽

John M. Burkey ◽

Leonard Berenholz

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Tube Placement ◽

Control Group ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Control Groups ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Ventilation Tubes ◽

Clinical Records ◽

And Control

The purpose of this investigation was to use distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing to address the issue of possible ototoxicity from the use of neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone otic suspension following tympanostomy tube placement. We retrospectively reviewed our clinical records and identified 36 children (52 ears) who had met our three study criteria: (1) unilateral or bilateral placement of transtympanic ventilation tubes, (2) treatment for 3 to 5 days with neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone drops, and (3) postoperative evaluation by DPOAE testing. We identified another set of 36 children (52 ears) who had not received these drops and who had not undergone tube placement but who had been evaluated by DPOAE testing to serve as a control group. We found no significant differences in DPOAE amplitudes between the treatment and control groups. These findings are consistent with decades of clinical experience indicating that neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone otic suspension is safe when used responsibly.

Download Full-text

Clinical characteristics and audiological significance of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in tinnitus patients with normal hearing

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215110002380 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D-K Kim ◽

S-N Park ◽

K-H Park ◽

H G Choi ◽

E-J Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Early Stage ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Distortion Product ◽

The Mean

AbstractObjective:To define the clinical and audiological features of normal-hearing tinnitus patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, and to evaluate the role of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in tinnitus generation.Materials and methods:Thirty-two patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were compared with 29 patients without spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, regarding clinical and audiological aspects.Results:The mean age of the study group subjects was significantly lower, and they experienced the kindling effect less frequently than the control group. The mean tinnitus handicap inventory score of the study group was considerably higher than that of the controls, although the difference was not statistically significant. The study group had significantly quieter tinnitus, and higher transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emission responses, compared with the control group.Conclusions:Normal-hearing tinnitus patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions have different clinical and audiological characteristics, compared with those without spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Appropriate evaluation and treatment should be considered at an early stage in these patients.

Download Full-text