scholarly journals Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Yun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is characterized by a skeletal muscle disorder with progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function, and it increases the risk of adverse outcomes with considerable prevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease underlies complicated and multifactorial mechanisms for pathogenesis, including alterations in protein turnover, hyperammonemia, energy disposal, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. The key contribution to sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases can be the hyperammonemia-induced upregulation of myostatin, which causes muscle atrophy via the expression of atrophy-related genes. Several clinical studies on emerging treatment options for sarcopenia have been reported, but only a few have focused on patients with chronic liver diseases, with mostly nutritional and behavioral interventions being carried out. The inhibition of the myostatin-activin receptor signaling pathway and hormonal therapy might be the most promising therapeutic options in combination with an ammonia-lowering approach in sarcopenic patients with chronic liver diseases. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options for sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases with underlying mechanisms to counteract this condition.

scholarly journals LncRNAs Act as a Link between Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Young-Ah Kim ◽  
Kwan-Kyu Park ◽  
Sun-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important contributors to the biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of various human diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the involvement of these molecules in chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis, has only recently been considered in scientific research. While extensive studies on the pathogenesis of the development of HCC from hepatic fibrosis have been conducted, their regulatory molecular mechanisms are still only partially understood. The underlying mechanisms related to lncRNAs leading to HCC from chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis have not yet been entirely elucidated. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lncRNAs in chronic liver disease and HCC can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and may help in developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC, as well as in preventing the progression of chronic liver disease to HCC. Here, we comprehensively review and briefly summarize some lncRNAs that participate in both hepatic fibrosis and HCC.

ASSESMENT OF FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
М.D. Golubeva ◽  
◽  
К.V. Darafeyeva ◽  
D.E. Danilau ◽  
D.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire ◽  
Disease Questionnaire

To determine the most sensitive questionnaire for the detection of fatigue in patients with chronic liver diseases, 61 patients with chronic liver diseases were inpatient treatment at the City Infectious Diseases Clinical were interviewed. And 72 relatively healthy responses were interviewed using Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, the Short Form-36, the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020. The severity of fatigue and declining quality of life was correlated with the presence of chronic liver diseases, excess body weight, and female sex. The Short Form-36 questionnaire showed greater sensitivity for assessing fatigue in people with chronic liver diseases compared to the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. The Fatigue Assessment Scale didn't reveal reliable differences between the groups being compared.

Animal models of chronic liver diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (5) ◽  
pp. G449-G468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Christoph Meyer ◽  
Chengfu Xu ◽  
Honglei Weng ◽  
Claus Hellerbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially life threatening for humans. The underlying etiologies are diverse, ranging from viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and intoxications (including alcohol abuse) to imbalanced diets. Although at early stages of disease the liver regenerates in the absence of the insult, advanced stages cannot be healed and may require organ transplantation. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms is mandatory for the design of new drugs to be used in clinic. Therefore, rodent models are being developed to mimic human liver disease. However, no model to date can completely recapitulate the “corresponding” human disorder. Limiting factors are the time frame required in humans to establish a certain liver disease and the fact that rodents possess a distinct immune system compared with humans and have different metabolic rates affecting liver homeostasis. These features account for the difficulties in developing adequate rodent models for studying disease progression and for testing new pharmaceuticals to be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, traditional and new promising animal models that mimic certain attributes of chronic liver diseases are established and being used to deepen our understanding in the underlying mechanisms of distinct liver diseases. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances in animal models recapitulating different features and etiologies of human liver diseases.

Rationale for the use of statins in liver disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (5) ◽  
pp. G407-G412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schierwagen ◽  
Frank Erhard Uschner ◽  
Fernando Magdaleno ◽  
Sabine Klein ◽  
Jonel Trebicka
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
End Stage

The evolution of chronic liver injuries from benign and manageable dysfunction to life threatening end-stage liver disease with severe complications renders chronic liver disease a global health burden. Because of the lack of effective medication, transplantation remains the only and final curative option for end-stage liver disease. Since the demand for organ transplants by far exceeds the supply, other treatment options are urgently required to prevent progression and improve end-stage liver disease. Statins are primarily cholesterol-lowering drugs used for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the primary effect, statins act beneficially through different pleiotropic mechanisms on inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial function, thrombosis, and coagulation to improve chronic liver diseases. However, concerns remain about the efficacy and safety of statin treatment because of their potential hepatotoxic risks, and as of now, these risks impede broader use of statins in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the mechanisms by which statins improve prospects for different chronic liver diseases with special focus on the pathophysiological rationale and the clinical experience of statin use in the treatment of liver diseases.

scholarly journals POS1385 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 975.2-975
Author(s):  
N. Trad ◽  
G. Mohamed ◽  
B. Ben Slimen ◽  
K. Boughoula ◽  
S. Bizid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Systematic Screening

Background:Chronic liver diseases whatever their etiologies could be associated with immunological disturbances.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of autoimmune diseases associated with chronic liver diseases.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of data from consecutive patients followed in our department for chronic liver diseases recruited from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected.Results:A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 61.02 ±13.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1.6. The main etiology of chronic liver diseases was viral infection C (32.1%) followed by viral infection B (22.8%) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (21.4%). The prevalence of autoimmune chronic liver diseases was 7.58%: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in four cases, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in huit cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in three cases and overlap syndrome (AIH-PBC) in two cases. Autoimmune diseases were noted in 31 cases (13.9%): autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 15 cases, autoimmune thyroiditis in 12 cases, one case of psoriasis, one case of CREST syndrome, one case of Sjögren’s syndrome and one case of autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmune pathologies were more associated with autoimmune chronic liver disease than other causes of chronic liver disease (47% vs 11.1%, p <0.001). Autoimmune pathologies were not statistically associated with female gender (p = 0.085) or young age (p = 0.483).Conclusion:In our study, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases during chronic liver diseases was 13.9%. This prevalence was higher in the case of autoimmune chronic liver diseases (47%), which would underline the importance of systematic screening for clinical and biological immune manifestations in those patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Serum Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis Staging in the Era of the Concept “Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3340
Author(s):  
Koji Fujita ◽  
Tsutomu Masaki
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Fibrosis Staging ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Non-invasive indexes of liver fibrosis based on blood examinations have been developed for decades, partially replacing liver biopsy examinations. Recently, the concept of liver cirrhosis was revised and converted to “compensated advanced chronic liver diseases” since the Baveno VI consensus statement in 2015. The term “compensated advanced chronic liver diseases” was established based on the premise that serum biomarkers were not able to differentiate cirrhosis from severe fibrosis. The difficulty to histologically distinguish cirrhosis from severe fibrosis had been pointed out in 1977, when the definition and nomenclatures of cirrhosis had been determined by the World Health Organization. That was decades before serum biomarkers available at present were investigated. Though we are accustomed to differentiating the fibrosis stage as stage 1, 2, 3 (severe fibrosis), and 4 (cirrhosis), differentiation of cirrhosis from severe fibrosis is difficult even by histopathological examination. The current review will provide readers a framework to revise how to apply serum biomarkers on liver fibrosis staging in an era of the concept of “compensated advanced chronic liver disease”.

scholarly journals Thrombin Generation in Chronic Liver Diseases—A Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Liliana Vecerzan ◽  
Ariela Olteanu ◽  
Ionela Maniu ◽  
Adrian Boicean ◽  
Călin Remus Cipăian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Control Subjects

The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease, as they are the most appropriate biomarkers to explore coagulation. (1) Background: The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The study of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease provides a much more accurate assessment of the coagulation cascade; (2) Methods: This study is a prospective observational pilot study on hospitalized patients with chronic liver diseases that analyzed thrombin generation performed from their platelet-poor plasma versus that of control subjects. We analyzed a group of 59 patients with chronic liver disease and 62 control subjects; (3) Results: Thrombin generation was lower in hepatitis and cirrhosis patients compared to controls and decreases as the disease progressed. Lag time was higher in ethanolic etiology compared to the control group. Peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential were shorter in all etiologies when compared to the control group. The velocity index was significantly lower in HCV hepatopathies, ethanolic, and mixed etiology when compared with normal individuals; (4) Conclusions: Given the variability of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease, its assay could serve to identify patients with high thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk and establish personalized conduct toward them.

scholarly journals Medication Non-adherence Prevalence and Determinants in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani ◽  
Alireza Shamsaeefar ◽  
Azar Kazemi ◽  
Kourosh Kazemi ◽  
Amirali Mashhadiagha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Adherence Scale

Background: Medication adherence is one of the most important challenges in chronic diseases. Objectives: In this study, we investigated medication adherence prevalence among children with chronic liver diseases. Methods: A total of 160 children with chronic liver disease were enrolled in our study. We evaluated medication adherence using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and classified them based on the scores (score < 6 = low adherence, scores 6 - 8 = medium adherence, and > 8 = high adherence). Logistic regression recognized final influencing variables on adherence. Results: Of 160 patients, 84 (52.5%) were female, and the mean age of patients was 11.2 ± 4.4 years. Also, 56 participants (35%) were high adherers, and 66 (41.25%) were low adherers. The most common reason for low adherence was forgetfulness in 37 patients (23.13%) and low access to medication in 21 subjects (13.13%). In multivariate logistic regression, age, housing status, and underlying disease were significantly associated with medication adherence. Conclusions: Almost half of the children with liver cirrhosis demonstrated low medication adherence. Age, housing status, and underlying disease were significantly associated with medication adherence. We should implement programs to reduce medication non-adherence among children with chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Increased Serum Phospholipase A2 Activity in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease as an Expression of the Acute Phase Response

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pirisi ◽  
Carlo Fabris ◽  
Maria Piera Panozzo ◽  
Giorgio Soardo ◽  
Pierluigi Toniutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Pla2 Activity ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) modifications were investigated in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases, PLA2 variations were related to indices of liver function as well as to parameters of the acute phase response. Serum PLA2 activity modifications were f1uorimetrically measured in 105 patients affected by acute and chronic liver diseases or extra-hepatic diseases. One-way ANOV A demonstrated a significant difference among groups (F= 4.53, P<0.001); Bonferroni’s test for pairwise comparisons showed that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had higher mean values than subjects with benign extra-hepatic diseases (p<0.0 I) and mild chronic liver disease (p<0.0S J. Multiple regression analysis, performed choosing PLA2 as the dependent variable and blood urea nitrogen, C-reacti ve protein, alkaline phosphatase and al-fetoprotein as predictor variables was significant (multiple R= 0.7056, multiple R2= 0.4978, F= 15.36, P= <0.0001). The standardized regression coefficients found to be significant were those of Creactive protein, blood urea nitrogen and al-fetoprotein. In conclusion, in patients with chronic liver disease, serum PLA2 activity increases parallel to disease severity and accompanies the expression of proteins of the acute phase response that. like PLA2 activity, increase in serum while liver synthesis declines.

scholarly journals The Influence of Chronic Liver Diseases on Hepatic Vasculature: A Liver-on-a-chip Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Özkan ◽  
Danielle Stolley ◽  
Erik N. K. Cressman ◽  
Matthew McMillin ◽  
Sharon DeMorrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Hepatic Vasculature

In chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma, the cells and extracellular matrix of the liver undergo significant alteration in response to chronic injury. Recent literature has highlighted the critical, but less studied, role of the liver vasculature in the progression of chronic liver diseases. Recent advancements in liver-on-a-chip systems has allowed in depth investigation of the role that the hepatic vasculature plays both in response to, and progression of, chronic liver disease. In this review, we first introduce the structure, gradients, mechanical properties, and cellular composition of the liver and describe how these factors influence the vasculature. We summarize state-of-the-art vascularized liver-on-a-chip platforms for investigating biological models of chronic liver disease and their influence on the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of the hepatic vasculature. We conclude with a discussion of how future developments in the field may affect the study of chronic liver diseases, and drug development and testing.

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