scholarly journals Bowel Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Far in the Grayscale?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Federica Furfaro ◽  
Arianna Dal Buono ◽  
Mariangela Allocca ◽  
Ferdinando D'Amico ◽  
Alessandra Zilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Bowel Ultrasound

Bowel ultrasound (BUS) is a non-invasive and accurate technique for assessing activity, extension of disease, and complications in inflammatory bowel diseases. The main advantages of BUS are its safety, reproducibility, and low costs. Ancillary technologies of BUS (i.e., color Doppler and wave elastography) could broaden the diagnostic power of BUS, allowing one to distinguish between inflammation and fibrosis. Considering the costs and invasiveness of colonoscopy and magnetic resonance, BUS appears as a fast, safe, and accurate technique. The objective measures of disease allow one to make clinical decisions, such as optimization, switch, or swap of therapy. Previous studies reported a sensitivity and a specificity of more than 90% compared to endoscopy and magnetic resonance. Lastly, transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) is a promising approach for the evaluation of perianal disease in Crohn’s disease (CD) and disease activity in patients with ulcerative proctitis or pouchitis. Bowel ultrasound is being incorporated in the algorithm of managing inflammatory bowel diseases. Transmural healing evaluated through ultrasonography is emerging as a complementary target for disease treatment. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the current evidence on BUS in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases and to address the challenges of a full validation of this technique.

scholarly journals Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Naschla Gasaly ◽  
Marcela A. Hermoso ◽  
Martín Gotteland
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.

scholarly journals The Role of Carrageenan in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Allergic Reactions: Where Do We Stand?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Barbara Borsani ◽  
Raffaella De Santis ◽  
Veronica Perico ◽  
Francesca Penagini ◽  
Erica Pendezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Carrageenan (CGN) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide extracted from red seaweeds, composed of D-galactose residues linked in β-1,4 and α-1,3 galactose-galactose bond, widely used as a food additive in processed foods for its properties as a thickener, gelling agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. In recent years, with the spread of the Western diet (WD), its consumption has increased. Nonetheless, there is a debate on its safety. CGN is extensively used as an inflammatory and adjuvant agent in vitro and in animal experimental models for the investigation of immune processes or to assess the activity of anti-inflammatory drugs. CGN can activate the innate immune pathways of inflammation, alter the gut microbiota composition and the thickness of the mucus barrier. Clinical evidence suggests that CGN is involved in the pathogenesis and clinical management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), indeed food-exclusion diets can be an effective therapy for disease remission. Moreover, specific IgE to the oligosaccharide α-Gal has been associated with allergic reactions commonly referred to as the “α-Gal syndrome”. This review aims to discuss the role of carrageenan in inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic reactions following the current evidence. Furthermore, as no definitive data are available on the safety and the effects of CGN, we suggest gaps to be filled and advise to limit the human exposure to CGN by reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

Update on Imaging Modalities for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Alessandrino ◽  
Koenraad J. Mortele
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that are mainly represented by Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Over the last decade, conventional fluoroscopic barium studies used for the imaging of the gastrointestinal tract have been replaced with newer techniques, such as multidetector-row computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT, and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Also increasingly seen is the use of magnetic resonance enterography, representing a robust, highly accurate, and radiation-free imaging method. This review covers these newer imaging modalities for IBD and more, as well as proposed techniques that could potentially help monitor and guide new antiinflammatory treatment strategies in the future. Figures include examples of images conducted via CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and PET/CT. Table compares different imaging modalities for the evaluation of IBD. This review contains 13 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 127 references. 

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Angiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Cui Wu ◽  
Rui-Xue Leng ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
Yin-Guang Fan ◽  
De-Guang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control

We evaluated the differences in major markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and controls by a systematic review and a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for literature comparing CV risk markers in IBDs and controls. The overall mean carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) difference between patients with IBDs and control groups were calculated. Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 16 studies with data on CIMT, 7 studies reporting FMD%, and 9 studies on cfPWV. Compared to controls, patients with IBDs showed significantly higher CIMT (standardized mean difference [ SMD]: 0.534 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.230 to 0.838; P = .001), significantly lower FMD% ( SMD, −0.721%; 95% CI, −1.020 to −0.421; P < .0001), and significantly increased cfPWV ( SMD, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.110; P < .0001). When analyzing subgroups with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD), all results were still significant except CIMT in CD. Our findings support the current evidence for an elevated CV burden in patients with IBD and support the clinical utility of markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of these patients.

scholarly journals Frequency and Nature of Incidental Extra-Enteric Lesions Found on Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MR-E) in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e4863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans H. Herfarth ◽  
Michael Grunert ◽  
Frank Klebl ◽  
Ulrike Strauch ◽  
Stefan Feuerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Enterography ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

P162 RAID-Monitor: a new non-invasive method to determine endoscopic activity in inflammatory bowel diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S169-S170
Author(s):  
J Amoedo ◽  
S Ramió-Pujol ◽  
A Bahí ◽  
C Puig-Amiel ◽  
L Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Capturing the Biologic Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Impact on Translational and Clinical Science

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Sorrentino ◽  
Vu Q. Nguyen ◽  
Maithili V. Chitnavis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Made In

While much progress has been made in the last two decades in the treatment and the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD)—as of today these conditions are still diagnosed only after they have become symptomatic. This is a major drawback since by then the inflammatory process has often already caused considerable damage and the disease might have become partially or totally unresponsive to medical therapy. Late diagnosis in IBD is due to the lack of accurate, non-invasive indicators that would allow disease identification during the pre-clinical stage—as it is often done in many other medical conditions. Here, we will discuss what is known about the biologic onset and pre-clinical CD with an emphasis on studies conducted in patients’ first degree relatives. We will then review the possible strategies to diagnose IBD very early in time including screening, available disease markers and imaging, and the possible clinical implications of treating these conditions at or close to their biologic onset. Later, we will review the potential impact of conducting translational research in IBD during the pre-clinical stage, especially focusing on the role of the microbiome in disease etiology and pathogenesis. Finally, we will highlight possible future developments in the field and how they can impact IBD management and our scientific knowledge of these conditions.

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