Metabolome Profiling of Eight Chinese Yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) Varieties Reveals Metabolite Diversity and Variety Specific Uses

The Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) is an underutilized orphan tuber crop. However, in China it has been used in traditional medicine and food for centuries due to the presence of high starch, protein, fiber, and biologically active compounds. Knowledge on the metabolomic profiles of Chinese yam varieties is needed to explore the underutilized metabolites and variety specific uses. Here, the metabolome of eight Chinese yam varieties that are cultivated in different Chinese regions was profiled. A total of 431 metabolites belonging to different biochemical classes was detected. The majority of detected metabolites were classified as amino acids and derivatives. The different yam varieties offer unique uses; e.g., Hebei Ma Yam, Henan Huai Yam, and Henan Wild Yam were the most metabolically enriched and suitable as food and medicine. Yams from Hubei region had comparable nutritional profiles, which is most probably due to their geographical origin. Specifically, Henan Wild Yam had the highest concentrations of diosgenin, vitamins, and polysaccharides. Overall, this study presents a metabolome reference for D. polystachya varieties.

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CONTENT OF VITAMIN C IN BERRIES OF THE GRAPES CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020014180 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Irina Dmitriyevna Borodulina ◽

Mariya Vasil'yevna Vorotyntseva ◽

Galina Aleksandrovna Makarova ◽

Anna Yakovlevna Zemtsova ◽

Galina Gennad'yevna Sokolova

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Plant Material ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Food Product ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

The South ◽

Active Substances

Grapes is a highly valuable food product due to the presence in it of a number of biologically active substances, among which vitamins occupy a special place. One of the most important and studied in grapes is vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The ascorbic acid contained in plant tissue participates in redox metabolism, thereby increasing the resistance of plant organisms to infections and low negative temperatures. Studies aimed at determining the concentration of vitamin C in plant material are important both for breeding and for identifying the most sustainable competitive varieties. The purpose of these studies is to study the content of vitamin C in grapes cultivated in the South of Western Siberia. Conducted research with 12 introduced varieties and selected forms growing in the collection of the Research Institute of horticulture of Siberia M.A. Lisavenko, allowed to establish dependence of accumulation of ascorbic acid in berries on weather conditions; to allocate 5 genotypes with high content of vitamin C. It is noted that the ripening period of berries, their color, as well as the direction of use and ecological and geographical origin of varieties and selected forms did not affect the accumulation of vitamin C in the period 2014–2016.

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Metabolomic profiling in evaluation of cultivated oat species with different ploidy level

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213601026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 01026

Author(s):

Igor Loskutov ◽

Tatiana Shelenga ◽

Elena Blinova ◽

Alexandr Gnutikov ◽

Alexey Konarev

Keyword(s):

Free Amino ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Main Task ◽

Gas Chromatograph ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Functional Value

The article presents biochemical characteristics identified during the analysis of metabolomic profiles. The object of this study was the landraces of cultivated oat species Avena strigosa Schreb., A. abyssinica Hochst. and A. sativa L. with different ploidy levels from the global collection of the Department of Genetic Resources of Oats, Rye, and Barley of VIR. Metabolic profiling was performed using an Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA). The main task of this evaluation was determination of differences between cultivated oat species of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid ploidy levels according to their metabolomic spectra. These spectra reflect the metabolic state of genotypes of various ecological and geographical origin. The investigation touched on the most important groups of metabolites important for the resistance formation nutritional, medicinal and dietary benefits. Particular, attention was paid to biologically active compounds that determine the functional value of daily human foods − phenolic compounds, free amino acids and sugar acids. The most informative indicators, which separate the oat with different ploidy levels were: isofucosterol, xylitol, MAG-1 18: 0, linolenic, undecylic, threonic, glutamic and methylmalonic acids.

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Characterization of photosystem II with the atomic-force microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130365 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1146-1147

Author(s):

Kathleen M. Marr ◽

Mary K. Lyon

Keyword(s):

Photosystem Ii ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Freeze Etching ◽

Image Averaging ◽

Oxygen Evolving ◽

Averaging Techniques

Photosystem II (PSII) is different from all other reaction centers in that it splits water to evolve oxygen and hydrogen ions. This unique ability to evolve oxygen is partly due to three oxygen evolving polypeptides (OEPs) associated with the PSII complex. Freeze etching on grana derived insideout membranes revealed that the OEPs contribute to the observed tetrameric nature of the PSIl particle; when the OEPs are removed, a distinct dimer emerges. Thus, the surface of the PSII complex changes dramatically upon removal of these polypeptides. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is ideal for examining surface topography. The instrument provides a topographical view of individual PSII complexes, giving relatively high resolution three-dimensional information without image averaging techniques. In addition, the use of a fluid cell allows a biologically active sample to be maintained under fully hydrated and physiologically buffered conditions. The OEPs associated with PSII may be sequentially removed, thereby changing the surface of the complex by one polypeptide at a time.

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Depletion and Reconstitution of Active E. Coli Ribosomes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116826 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Protein Biosynthesis ◽

Large Subunit ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

E Coli ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

And Function

Correlations between structure and function of biological macromolecules have been studied intensively for many years, mostly by indirect methods. High resolution electron microscopy is a unique tool which can provide such information directly by comparing the conformation of biopolymers in their biologically active and inactive state. We have correlated the structure and function of ribosomes, ribonucleoprotein particles which are the site of protein biosynthesis. 70S E. coli ribosomes, used in this experiment, are composed of two subunits - large (50S) and small (30S). The large subunit consists of 34 proteins and two different ribonucleic acid molecules. The small subunit contains 21 proteins and one RNA molecule. All proteins (with the exception of L7 and L12) are present in one copy per ribosome.This study deals with the changes in the fine structure of E. coli ribosomes depleted of proteins L7 and L12. These proteins are unique in many aspects.

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Fractionation of the Biologically Active Large Molecular Components of Human Gastric Content

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)35388-0 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ranwel Caputto ◽

William O. Smith ◽

Jordan Tang ◽

Raul E. Trucco ◽

Walter Joel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Content ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Molecular Components

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Bioavailability of naringenin chalcone in humans after ingestion of cherry tomatoes

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (5-6) ◽

pp. 411-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carina Kolot ◽

Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽

Rodrigo Feliciano ◽

Katharina Bottermann ◽

Wilhelm Stahl

Keyword(s):

Plasma Levels ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Structural Element ◽

Active Molecule ◽

Reactive Center ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Alpha Beta ◽

Cherry Tomatoes

Abstract. Chalcones are a type of flavonoids characterized by an α-β unsaturated structural element which may react with thiol groups to activate pathways such as the Nrf2-Keap-1 system. Naringenin chalcone is abundant in the diet but little is known about its bioavailability. In this work, the bioavailability of naringenin chalcone from tomatoes was investigated in a group of healthy men (n=10). After ingestion of 600 grams of tomatoes providing a single dose of 17.3 mg naringenin chalcone, 0.2 mg of naringenin, and 195 mg naringin plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin and naringenin chalcone (glucuronide and sulfate) were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS at 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h post-consumption. Plasma levels of conjugated naringenin increased to about 12 nmol/L with a maximum at about 3 h. Concentrations of free naringenin hardly elevated above baseline. Plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin chalcone significantly increased. A maximum of the conjugated chalcone was reached at about 3 h after ingestion with an average concentration of about 0.5 nmol/L. No free chalcone was detectable at baseline but low amounts of the unconjugated compound could be detected with an average maximum of 0.8 nmol/L at about 1 h after ingestion. The data demonstrate that naringenin chalcone is bioavailable in humans from cherry tomatoes as a dietary source. However, availability is poor and intramolecular cyclisation as well as extended metabolism likely contribute to the inactivation of the reactive alpha-beta unsaturated reactive center as well as the excretion of the biologically active molecule, respectively.

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