scholarly journals Synergistic Behavior of Graphene and Ionic Liquid as Bio-Based Lubricant Additive

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harith Hasnul ◽  
Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli ◽  
Masjuki Hassan ◽  
Syahir Amzar Zulkifli ◽  
Mohd Nur Ashraf Mohd Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Dispersion Stability ◽  
Stable Suspension ◽  
Iron Sample ◽  
Frictional Performance ◽  
Additive Combination ◽  
Synergistic Behavior ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Lubricating Mechanism

The constant utilization of petroleum-based products has prompted concerns about the environment, hence a replacement for these products must be explored. Biolubricants are a suitable replacement for petroleum-based lubricants as they provide better lubricity. Biolubricant performance can be improved by the addition of graphene. However, there are reports that graphene is unable to form a stable suspension for a long period. This study used a graphene-ionic liquid additive combination to stabilize the dispersion in a biolubricant. Graphene and ionic liquid were dispersed into the biolubricant via a magnetic stirrer. The samples were tested using a high frequency reciprocating rig. The cast iron sample was then further observed using various techniques to determine the lubricating mechanism of the lubricant. Different dispersion stability of graphene was observed for different biolubricants, which can be improved with ionic liquids. All ionic liquid samples maintained an absorbance value of three for one month. The utilization of ionic liquid was also able to decrease the frictional performance by 33%. Further study showed that by using the ionic liquid alone, the frictional could only reduce the friction coefficient by 13% and graphene could only reduce the friction by 7%. A smooth worn surface scar can be seen on the graphene-IL sample compared to the prominent corrosive spot on the IL samples and abrasive scars on graphene samples. This indicates synergistic behavior between the two additives. It was found that the ionic liquid does not only improve the dispersion stability, but also plays a role in forming the tribolayer.

Synergistic Effect Between Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid and Three Oxide Nanoparticles as Hybrid Lubricant Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Upendra ◽  
V. Vasu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Mineral Base

Abstract The tribological properties of ionic liquid (IL) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate along with Al2O3, CuO, and SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated as a lubricant additive in a group 1 mineral base oil. About 0.5 wt% concentration of additives were added in base oil, and tribological tests were conducted at mild (stipulated) and severe (ASTM D 4172D) working conditions to assess the synergy between IL and NPs. This study shows the excellent synergy between IL, Al2O3, and CuO NPs in improving tribological and extreme pressure (EP) properties. Al2O3 and CuO hybrid nanolubricants decreased friction by 19% and 24%, whereas wear by 32% and 36%, respectively, at ASTM test conditions. IL displayed very good EP properties with a total improvement of 19%, and the highest load-bearing capacity was observed for Al2O3 and CuO hybrid nanolubricants with an improvement of 30% and 34%, respectively. No conclusive evidence of synergy has been observed between IL and SiO2 NPs. Surface characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and Raman spectra, demonstrated the formation of a tribofilm rich in phosphate and tribosintered NPs on the worn surface responsible for improved triboperformances.

scholarly journals Integration of Stable Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids into Polymer Membranes. Part II: Gas Separation Properties toward Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Fernando Pardo ◽  
Sergio V. Gutiérrez-Hernández ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
João M. M. Araújo ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Stable Suspension ◽  
Base Polymer

Membrane technology can play a very influential role in the separation of the constituents of HFC refrigerant gas mixtures, which usually exhibit azeotropic or near-azeotropic behavior, with the goal of promoting the reuse of value-added compounds in the manufacture of new low-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant mixtures that abide by the current F-gases regulations. In this context, the selective recovery of difluorometane (R32, GWP = 677) from the commercial blend R410A (GWP = 1924), an equimass mixture of R32 and pentafluoroethane (R125, GWP = 3170), is sought. To that end, this work explores for the first time the separation performance of novel mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) functionalized with ioNanofluids (IoNFs) consisting in a stable suspension of exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) into a fluorinated ionic liquid (FIL), 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium perfluorobutanesulfonate ([C2C1py][C4F9SO3]). The results show that the presence of IoNF in the MMMs significantly enhances gas permeation, yet at the expense of slightly decreasing the selectivity of the base polymer. The best results were obtained with the MMM containing 40 wt% IoNF, which led to an improved permeability of the gas of interest (PR32 = 496 barrer) with respect to that of the neat polymer (PR32 = 279 barrer) with a mixed-gas separation factor of 3.0 at the highest feed R410A pressure tested. Overall, the newly fabricated IoNF-MMMs allowed the separation of the near-azeotropic R410A mixture to recover the low-GWP R32 gas, which is of great interest for the circular economy of the refrigeration sector.

scholarly journals Effect of Ionicity of Three Protic Ionic Liquids as Neat Lubricants and Lubricant Additives to a Biolubricant

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Angela Rina Adukure ◽  
Patricia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Wear Process

Friction and wear of sliding surfaces are responsible for important energy losses and negative environmental effects. The use of environmentally friendly and cost-effective protic ionic liquids as neat lubricants and lubricant additives has the potential to increase the efficiency and durability of mechanical components without increasing the environmental damage. In this work, three halogen-free protic ionic liquids with increasing extent of ionicity, 2-hydroxyethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-hydroxymethylammonium 2-ethylhexancate, and 2-hydroxydimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, were synthesized and studied as neat lubricants and additives to a biodegradable oil in a steel–steel contact. The results show that the use of any protic ionic liquid as a neat lubricant or lubricant additive reduced friction and wear with respect to the biodegradable oil. The ionic liquid with the lowest ionicity reached the highest wear reduction. The one possessing the highest ionicity presented the poorest friction and wear behaviors as a neat lubricant, probably due to the more ionic nature of this liquid, which promoted tribocorrosion reactions on the steel surface. This ionic liquid performed better as an additive, showing that a small addition of this liquid in a biodegradable oil is enough to form protective layers on steel surfaces. However, it is not enough to accelerate the wear process with detrimental tribocorrosion reactions.

Compatibility of Ionic Liquid With Glycerol Monooleate and Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate as Additives in Bio-Based Lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Syahir ◽  
M. H. Harith ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Glycerol Monooleate ◽  
Rsm Technique ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This study reports the tribological characteristics of trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) additivated with antifriction and antiwear additives, which are ionic liquid (IL), glycerol monooleate (GMO), and molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC). In addition, to obtain the ideal composition that results in the minimal coefficient of friction (COF), optimization tool was employed using response surface methodology (RSM) technique with the Box–Behnken design. The IL used in this study was a phosphorus-type IL, namely trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, [P14,6,6,6][TMPP]. The resulting COF and worn surface morphology were investigated using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) tribotester and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), respectively. From the experimental results, a second-order polynomial mathematical model was constructed and able to statistically predict the resulting COF. The optimized values that resulted in the lowest average COF of 0.0458 were as follows: 0.93 wt% IL, 1.49 wt% GMO, and 0.52 wt% MoDTC. The addition of IL into neat base oil managed to reduce the COF, while the combination of IL, GMO, and MoDTC at optimum concentration further reduced the average COF and wear as observed through SEM micrographs when compared with those of additive-free TMPTO, suggesting that GMO and MoDTC were compatible to be used with IL.

Ionic liquid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as lubricant additive

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Zhilu Liu ◽  
Chenbo Ma ◽  
Jianjun Sun ◽  
Weimin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The effect of serpentine additive on energy-saving and auto-reconditioning surface layer formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Junwei Wu ◽  
Xicheng Wei ◽  
Rende Liu ◽  
Qi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Worn Surface

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the energy-saving effect and mechanism of serpentine as lubricant additive in the simulated condition. Design/methodology/approach An ABLT-1 bearing test machine was used for 1,350 hours and an MM-W1 three-pin-on-disk apparatus was used to investigate its anti-friction effect. The worn surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Findings The results show that the energy-saving effect was improved after adding serpentine powder in oil and that both the friction coefficient and mass loss were dramatically decreased. The analysis on worn surface layer demonstrates that an auto-reconditioning surface layer was formed on the worn surface, which was responsible for the decrease in friction and wear. Originality/value The simulation test for the metal bearing was conducted over 1,350 hours using lubricant with and without serpentine powder. The addition of serpentine powder enhanced the energy-saving rate over time, stabilizing at about 13 per cent after 1,000 hours. An auto-reconditioning surface layer was formed on the surfaces of disassembled bearing lubricated with serpentine doped oil, resulting in dramatic decrease of both the friction coefficient and the mass loss. In addition to normal load and the accumulation of serpentine powder in the furrows and scratches of the deformed layer, the formation of the surface layer was possibly related to the substrate deformation induced by friction force.

scholarly journals Antifriction and Antiwear Properties of an Ionic Liquid with Fluorine-Containing Anion Used as Lubricant Additive

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blanco ◽  
R. González ◽  
J. L. Viesca ◽  
A. Fernández-González ◽  
M. Bartolomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Antiwear Properties

Preparation, Characterization and Tribological Evaluation of Calcium Borate Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1047-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Sheng Li ◽  
Li Feng Hao ◽  
Xiao Hong Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Tian Hui Ren
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Calcium Borate ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Worn Surface

To develop a potential substitute for conventional lubricant additive, pure calcium borate nanoparticles (PCBN) and calcium borate nanoparticles modified with oleic acid (MCBN) were prepared. The microstructures of the as-obtained samples were characterized using X-ray power diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectra (IR), and the dispersing stability of oil containing nanoparticles was also evaluated. Tribological properties of MCBN used as lubricating additive were evaluated using four-ball tribometer and compared with that of PCBN. The results indicate that MCBN show better antiwear and friction-reducing property than PCBN. The worn surface of the steel ball lubricated with MCBN was investigated by Polarized microscope (PM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the action mechanism of MCBN during friction process was preliminarily discussed.

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