scholarly journals Manufacture and Performance of Welds in Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Parker ◽  
John Siefert
Keyword(s):  
Creep Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Critical Components

Welding is a vital process required in the fabrication of ‘fracture critical’ components which operate under creep conditions. However, often the procedures used are based on ‘least initial cost’. Thus, it is not surprising that in many high energy applications, welds are the weakest link, i.e., damage is first found at welds. In the worst case, weld cracks reported have had catastrophic consequences. Comprehensive Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research has identified and quantified the factors affecting the high temperature performance of advanced steels working under creep conditions. This knowledge has then been used to underpin recommendations for improved fabrication and control of creep strength enhanced ferritic steel components. This review paper reports background from this work. The main body of the review summarizes the evidence used to establish a ‘well engineered’ practice for the manufacture of welds in tempered martensitic steels. Many of these alternative methods can be applied in repair applications without the need for post-weld heat treatment. This seminal work thus offers major benefits to all stakeholders in the global energy sector.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Fluid-Particle Interaction in Binder Jet 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Wagner ◽  
Hang Shu ◽  
Rahul Kilambi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Fluid Particle ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Critical Components

Wide-scale adoption of binder jet 3D printing for mission-critical components in aerospace, biomedical, defense, and energy applications requires improvement in mechanical properties and performance characteristics of end-use components. Increased fidelity may be achieved with better understanding of the interfacial physics and complex fluid-particle interactions fundamental to the process. In this work, an experimental testing apparatus and procedure is developed to investigate the fluid and particle dynamics occurring upon impact of jetted binder droplets onto a powder bed. High-speed, microscopic imaging is employed to capture short time-scale phenomena such as ballistic particle ejection, capillary flow, and particle clustering. The effects of different process parameters (e.g., translational printhead velocity, jetting frequency, and impact velocity) on the dynamics of Inconel powder are studied. These experiments reveal that the fluid-particle interaction is significantly affected by a combination of printing parameters, ultimately governing the quality and performance of binder jet 3D printed components.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Current progress and performance improvement of Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (46) ◽  
pp. 24284-24306
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Ren ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Anmin Liu ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Qianyuan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, without heat process, not limited by Carnot cycle, high energy conversion efficiency, no noise and pollution.

Analysis of Financial Performance of Public Sector Banks in India: CAMEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792096686
Author(s):  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Ram Milan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Asset Quality

Public sector banks have been merged by the government in the last few years. This is the rationale behind conducting this study. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors affecting the performance of public sector banks in India and the interrelationship between bank-specific determinants and performance of public sector banks. In this article, we shall analyse the financial data of all the public sector commercial banks for a period spread across 11 years (2009–2019); Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management efficiency, Earning, and Liquidity (CAMEL) has been used as a performance determinant; system generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis has been used to find the effect of determinants on the performance measurement of public sector banks; and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) has been used to find the interrelationship between the bank-specific determinants and the performance of public sector banks. The finding has important implications in terms of performance in the banking sector. Certain limitations of this study are: It is based on secondary data. The study only covers the financial aspects and not the non-financial aspects. It is found that the asset quality is negatively related with performance of public sector banks. Liquidity and inflation are inversely related to performance of public sector banks in India. Capital adequacy is positively related with banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest margin. GDP growth has a significant positive impact on banks’ performance, but inversely related with banks’ interest income. Inflation rate is inversely related with banks’ performance. Banking sector reforms are insignificantly related with banks’ performance.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and experimental study on solid–liquid suspension separation in ultrasonic standing wave field

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110229
Author(s):  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Liqun Wu ◽  
Yaxing Wang ◽  
Yafei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Ultrasonic Standing Wave ◽  
Solid Liquid

A new method of removing waste chips is proposed by focusing on the key factors affecting the processing quality and efficiency of high energy beams. Firstly, a mathematical model has been established to provide the theoretical basis for the separation of solid–liquid suspension under ultrasonic standing wave. Secondly, the distribution of sound field with and without droplet has been simulated. Thirdly, the deformation and movement of droplets are simulated and tested. It is found that the sound pressure around the droplet is greater than the sound pressure in the droplet, which can promote the separation of droplets and provide theoretical support for the ultrasonic suspension separation of droplet; under the interaction of acoustic radiation force, surface tension, adhesion, and static pressure, the droplet is deformed so that the gas fluid around the droplet is concentrated in the center to achieve droplet separation, and the droplet just as a flat ball with a central sag is stably suspended in the acoustic wave node.

Fish Price Determination Around Lake Victoria, Tanzania: Analysis of Factors Affecting Fish Landing Price

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Damian Boniface Sambuo ◽  
Stephen Kirama ◽  
Kitala Malamsha
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Fishery Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

Determination of fish landing price is important, as the same contributes to the structure, conduct and performance of the fish market in Lake Victoria. Determination of relevant landing price is a gap to console between fishermen, agents (middlemen), processors and the government. The main objective of this study was therefore to examine fish price determination. Specifically, to examine the methods for fish price determination and analyse factors that affect fish landing price in Lake Victoria, a cross-sectional design was employed, and 300 respondents were randomly selected from two district councils, namely, Sengerema and Buchosa. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings show that landing price is determined through formal negotiation with processors, consultation with other traders, informal negotiation with buyers and Beach Management Unit (BMU). The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices. Also, distance from fishing to onshore landing centres, market information channels, age and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price. It is recommended that the mechanism for setting up fishery price, fish market structure, fishery information and the formation of fishery regulatory body needs fishery policy and sector reforms that mark the determination of fish landing price.

Energy Intakes of Ultraendurance Cyclists During Competition, an Observational Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Black ◽  
Paula M.L. Skidmore ◽  
Rachel C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
And Performance

Endurance events >10 hr are becoming increasingly popular but provide numerous physiological challenges, several of which can be attenuated with optimal nutritional intakes. Previous studies in ultraendurance races have reported large energy deficits during events. The authors therefore aimed to assess nutritional intakes in relation to performance among ultraendurance cyclists. This observational study included 18 cyclists in a 384-km cycle race. At race registration each cyclist’s support crew was provided with a food diary for their cyclist. On completion of the race, cyclists were asked to recall their race food and drink intakes. All food and fluids were analyzed using a computer software package. Mean (SD) time to complete the race was 16 hr 21 min (2 hr 2 min). Mean (SD) energy intake was 18.7 (8.6) MJ, compared with an estimated energy requirement for the race of 25.5 (7.4) MJ. There was a significant negative relationship between energy intake and time taken to complete the race (p = .023, r2 = −.283). Mean (SD) carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes were 52 (27), 15.84 (56.43), and 2.94 (7.25) g/hr, respectively. Only carbohydrate (p = .015, r2 = −.563) and fat intake (p = .037, r2 = −.494) were associated with time taken to complete the race. This study demonstrates the difficulties in meeting the high energy demands of ultraendurance cycling. The relationship between energy intake and performance suggests that reducing the energy deficit may be advantageous. Given the high carbohydrate intakes of these athletes, increasing energy intake from fat should be investigated as a means of decreasing energy deficits.

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