scholarly journals Visible-Light Activated Titania and Its Application to Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Santos Andrade ◽  
Ioannis Papagiannis ◽  
Vassilios Dracopoulos ◽  
Márcio César Pereira ◽  
Panagiotis Lianos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cells ◽  
Mesoporous Titania ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Cathode Electrode ◽  
First Case

Photoelectrochemical cells have been constructed with photoanodes based on mesoporous titania deposited on transparent electrodes and sensitized in the Visible by nanoparticulate CdS or CdS combined with CdSe. The cathode electrode was an air–breathing carbon cloth carrying nanoparticulate carbon. These cells functioned in the Photo Fuel Cell mode, i.e., without bias, simply by shining light on the photoanode. The cathode functionality was governed by a two-electron oxygen reduction, which led to formation of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, these devices were employed for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production. Two-compartment cells have been used, carrying different electrolytes in the photoanode and cathode compartments. Hydrogen peroxide production has been monitored by using various electrolytes in the cathode compartment. In the presence of NaHCO3, the Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen peroxide production exceeded 100% due to a catalytic effect induced by this electrolyte. Photocurrent has been generated by either a CdS/TiO2 or a CdSe/CdS/TiO2 combination, both functioning in the presence of sacrificial agents. Thus, in the first case ethanol was used as fuel, while in the second case a mixture of Na2S with Na2SO3 has been employed.

scholarly journals Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production Using Nanoparticulate WO3 as Photocatalyst and Glycerol or Ethanol as Sacrificial Agents

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Papagiannis ◽  
Nikolaos Balis ◽  
Vassilios Dracopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Lianos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Organic Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sacrificial Agent

Photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide was studied by using a cell functioning with a WO3 photoanode and an air breathing cathode made of carbon cloth with a hydrophobic layer of carbon black. The photoanode functioned in the absence of any sacrificial agent by water splitting, but the produced photocurrent was doubled in the presence of glycerol or ethanol. Hydrogen peroxide production was monitored in all cases, mainly in the presence of glycerol. The presence or absence of the organic fuel affected only the obtained photocurrent. The Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen peroxide production was the same in all cases, mounting up to 74%. The duplication of the photocurrent in the presence of biomass derivatives such as glycerol or ethanol and the fact that WO3 absorbed light in a substantial range of the visible spectrum promotes the presently studied system as a sustainable source of hydrogen peroxide production.

Expanded 3D Electrode Architecture for Low Temperature Direct Liquid Fuel Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Craig Urian
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Electrode Assemblies ◽  
Carbon Microfibers

AbstractThe US Navy continues to pursue electrochemical power sources with high energy density for low rate, long endurance undersea applications. The direct electro-oxidation and electro-reduction of sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide are being investigated to meet these goals. In an effort to minimize polarization losses and increase power density, a novel carbon microfiber array (CMA) electrode is being investigated.The CMA is composed of 750 micron long, 10 micron diameter graphite fibers that protrude from a current collector like blades of grass. The CMA was developed for the direct reaction of peroxide in the Mg-H2O2 semi fuel cell. [1] There, the high surface area of the microfiber cathode reduces peroxide concentration polarization, resulting in increased power and energy density. For this work the CMA architecture was adapted into a novel membrane electrode assembly and evaluated in the direct BH4- / H2O2 fuel cell. The unique feature of this architecture vs. traditional membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is how all three components of the triple boundary interface are optimized: electrical connectivity, ionic connectivity and mass transport. The current iteration of this electrode architecture utilizes a carbon cloth that has been hot pressed into N115 membrane. This component is then placed over the CMFA electrode. The carbon microfibers of the CMFA protrude up into the carbon cloth matrix forming a 3-dimewnsional, interdigitated electrode architecture. The result of this modification is improved electrolyte flow through the CMFA and improved utilization of the surface area afforded by the carbon microfibers that was not observed in the non modified CMFA. Half cell polarization measurements were obtained simultaneously with the fuel cell polarization. Initial results using this modified CMFA electrode architecture show that the polarization losses observed for both the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and for the oxidation of borohydride were 5.2 times lower than for the non-modified CMAs electrode (0.014 ohms vs. 0.074 ohms). Comparing these results to those calculated from the literature [2, 3], where traditional membrane electrode assemblies were used for borohydride oxidation, 5 and 2.6 time improvements were obtained (0.07 ohms and 0.037 ohms were the effective resistive losses seen in the anode half cell polarizations).

Structure, Activity, and Faradaic Efficiency of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Catalysts for Direct Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production

ChemSusChem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 3388-3395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sun ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zarko Petar Jovanov ◽  
Denis Bernsmeier ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Carbon Catalysts

scholarly journals Photoelectrocatalytic H2 and H2O2 Production Using Visible-Light-Absorbing Photoanodes

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Papagiannis ◽  
Elias Doukas ◽  
Alexandros Kalarakis ◽  
George Avgouropoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Lianos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
The Difference

Hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide have been photoelectrocatalytically produced by electrocatalytic reduction using simple carbon electrodes made by depositing a mesoporous carbon film on carbon cloth. Visible-light-absorbing photoanodes have been constructed by depositing mesoporous CdS/TiO2 or WO3 films on transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. Both produced substantial photocurrents of up to 50 mA in the case of CdS/TiO2 and 25 mA in the case of WO3 photoanodes, and resulting in the production of substantial quantities of H2 gas or aqueous H2O2. Maximum hydrogen production rate was 7.8 µmol/min, and maximum hydrogen peroxide production rate was equivalent, i.e., 7.5 µmol/min. The same reactor was employed for the production of both solar fuels, with the difference being that hydrogen was produced under anaerobic and hydrogen peroxide under aerated conditions. The present data promote the photoelectrochemical production of solar fuels by using simple inexpensive materials for the synthesis of catalysts and the construction of electrodes.

A Study on Polythiophene Modified Carbon Cloth as Anode in Microbial Fuel Cell for Lead Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Rajendran ◽  
Gnana Prakash Dhakshina Moorthy ◽  
Haribabu Krishnan ◽  
Sumisha Anappara
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Carbon Cloth
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