scholarly journals Eumelanin Precursor 2-Carboxy-5,6-Dihydroxyindole (DHICA) as Doping Factor in Ternary (PEDOT:PSS/Eumelanin) Thin Films for Conductivity Enhancement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Ludovico Migliaccio ◽  
Felice Gesuele ◽  
Paola Manini ◽  
Maria Grazia Maglione ◽  
Paolo Tassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Simultaneous Integration ◽  
Dmso Treatment ◽  
Opening Up

The integration of the pristine not-doped commercial poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) PH1000 with eumelanin, the brown to black kind of melanin pigment, was achieved by dissolving the melanogenic precursors 2-carboxy-5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHICA) in the PH1000 suspension. Solid state oxidative polymerization of the catecholic indole allowed obtaining the ternary blend PEDOT:PSS/eumelanin. The introduction of DHICA into PH1000 produced a noticeable increase in the conductivity of PEDOT thin films akin to that produced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment, opening up novel strategies for the simultaneous integration of eumelanin polymer and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT containing coatings, as well as the long term goal of replacing PSS by DHICA eumelanin for PEDOT pairing.

In-plane and out-of-plane conductivity enhancement in oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3Ox thin films during long-term photoexcitation

1999 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Stockinger ◽  
W. Markowitsch ◽  
W. Lang ◽  
R. Rössler ◽  
J.D. Pedarnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Out Of Plane

scholarly journals Improvement of the long-term stability of ZnSnO thin film transistors by tungsten incorporation using a solution-process method

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 20990-20995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang ◽  
Shu Jiang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Jian-Hua Zhang ◽  
Xi-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Process Method

In this paper, W-doped ZnSnO (WZTO) thin films and TFT devices are successfully fabricated by a wet-solution technique.

Synthesis and Fabrication of PVA-Ag-Cu and PANI-Ag-Cu Nanocomposite Thin Film Sensor for Detection of E. coli in Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abdullah ◽  
Noor Azwen Noor Azmy ◽  
Norshafadzila Mohammad Naim ◽  
Aisyah Bolhan ◽  
Aidil Abdul Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Film Sensor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Polymers are excellent host materials for nanoparticles of metals and semiconductors. PVAAgCu nanocomposite was synthesized from chemical reduction, whereas PANIAgCu nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by spin coating technique. The films were characterized by using XRD and AFM. The sensitivity of the samples was analyzed by IV measurement. The peaks in XRD patterns confirm the presence of Ag-Cu nanoparticles in face centered cubic structure. AFM images show the roughness of PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu increased as Ag concentration decreased and Cu concentration increased. I-V measurements indicate that the change in the current of the films increases with the presence of E. coli. The sensitivity on E. coli increases for PVAAgCu and PANIAgCu thin films with high concentration of Cu.

The Optical Properties of Thin Films Tin Oxide with Triple Doping (Aluminum, Indium, and Fluorine) for Electronic Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Aris Doyan ◽  
Susilawati ◽  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Syamsul Hakim ◽  
Lalu Muliyadi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
As Doping

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin film is a form of modification of semiconductor material in nanosize. The thin film study aims to analyze the effect of triple doping (Aluminum, Indium, and Fluorine) on the optical properties of SnO2: (Al + In + F) thin films. Aluminum, Indium, and Fluorine as doping SnO2 with a mass percentage of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% of the total thin-film material. The addition of Al, In, and F doping causes the thin film to change optical properties, namely the transmittance and absorbance values ​​changing. The transmittance value is 67.50, 73.00, 82.30, 87.30, 94.6, and 99.80 which is at a wavelength of 350 nm for the lowest to the highest doping percentage, respectively. The absorbance value increased with increasing doping percentage at 300 nm wavelength of 0.52, 0.76, 0.97, 1.05, 1.23, and 1.29 for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% doping percentages, respectively. The absorbance value is then used to find the gap energy of the SnO2: (Al + In + F) thin film of the lowest doping percentage to the highest level i.e. 3.60, 3.55, 3.51, 3.47, 3.42, and 3.41 eV. Thin-film activation energy also decreased with values of 2.27, 2.04, 1.85, 1.78, 1.72, and 1.51 eV, respectively for an increasing percentage of doping. The thin-film SnO2: (Al + In + F) which experiences a gap energy reduction and activation energy makes the thin film more conductive because electron mobility from the valence band to the conduction band requires less energy and faster electron movement as a result of the addition of doping.

Long-term Room Temperature Instability in Thermal Conductivity of InGaZnO Thin Films

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
pp. 1631-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boya Cui ◽  
D. Bruce Buchholz ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Michael Bedzyk ◽  
Robert P. H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
3Ω Method ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThe cross-plane thermal conductivities of InGaZnO (IGZO) thin films in different morphologies were measured on three occasions within 19 months, using the 3ω method at room temperature 300 K. Amorphous (a-), semi-crystalline (semi-c-) and crystalline (c-) IGZO films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for evaluation of film quality and crystallinity. Semi-c-IGZO shows the highest thermal conductivity, even higher than the most ordered crystal-like phase. After being stored in dry low-oxygen environment for months, a drastic decrease of semi-c-IGZO thermal conductivity was observed, while the thermal conductivity slightly reduced in c-IGZO and remained unchanged in a-IGZO. This change in thermal conductivity with storage time can be attributed to film structural relaxation and vacancy diffusion to grain boundaries.

Imperial Scientists, Ecology, and Conservation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Beinart ◽  
Lotte Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
African History ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Opening Up

Imperial scientists have appeared in a number of our chapters: Cleghorn, protagonist of forest conservation in India; Willcocks, the self-critical dambuilder extraordinary in Egypt and India; Simpson, the plague doctor, and Bruce, who researched trypanosomiasis in southern Africa. The early centuries of empire preceded professionalization, but scientific interests were even then at its heart. Species transfers were, as we have suggested, a long-term preoccupation and closely related to scientific enterprise. The maritime empires that characterized the last half-millennium depended upon nautical technology and navigation science, and this distinguished them from preceding, more geographically restricted, land empires. Naval power and the expansion of shipping permitted a different social geography of empire, linking Europe to the Americas, the tropics, and the southern temperate zones, and partly bypassing the torrid task of conquest in Europe and the Muslim world. Shipping carried the freight of trading empires, literally and metaphorically. Especially from the mid-nineteenth century, scientists were central actors in imperial development. They helped to pioneer new technologies that facilitated discovery, and vastly more effective exploitation, of hidden natural resources, such as gold, oil, and rubber. A growing arms gap underpinned the European power bloc and conquest was so rapid and so widespread in the later decades of the nineteenth century not least because it was relatively easy and inexpensive. Constraints imposed by environment and disease were gradually driven back, by dams, boreholes, and the partial prophylaxis against malaria. Communications, based around steam and iron, telegraphs, railways, and roads were the ‘tentacles of progress’ in the new empire, opening up new routes for exploitation. They bound together increasingly modern, planned cities, zones of hydraulic imperialism, mining, and similar enterprises. Scientists and science in empire have received intense critical attention over the last couple of decades. This is especially so in African history and social sciences which, from their inception as self-conscious areas of academic enquiry, in the dying days of colonialism, tried to write from the vantage point of Africans and to decolonize European minds. From the late 1970s, when it was clear that African nationalist narratives and ambitions had been corrupted, Africanists tended to evince an unease with modernization and development, so closely linked to both the late colonial and nationalist projects.

Applications of PANI Thin Films

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-194
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Optical Ph Sensors ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Polypyrrole, polythiophene, and PANI are inherently conducting polymers (ICPs), which show electrical properties just like metals and semiconductors. Aniline has low cost, so it makes PANI the least expensive and thermally stable from all ICPs. PANI is conducting in nature, but due to its less solubility and melting processability, it has not much attention for commercial purposes. PANI might be used for commercial purposes following by some additional improvements. It can be synthesized by electrochemical and chemical oxidative polymerization. PANI thin films can be used in the detection of gases as gas sensors, chemical and biological sensors, optical pH sensors, etc. These films can also be used in supercapacitors, electrochromic devices, solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, rechargeable batteries, electrochemical filter, protection of metal surface from corrosion, etc. PANI thin films can also be used in biological applications such as antimicrobial properties, and the various researchers across the globe have the most widely studied tissue engineering applications.

High-Throughput Synthesis, Deposition and Characterization Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-62
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Optical Absorbance Spectroscopy

Polyaniline (PANI) has an exclusive representation probably owing to the fact that it has new applications in several fields of nano-technology. It is known for its straightforward synthesis process, high environmental stability and it can be easily doped by different acids. This chapter deals with the synthesis of PANI by several methods in which oxidative polymerization is the simplest and the most highly studied process. The synthesized PANI thin films can be deposited on different substances by a number of chemical and physical-based methods. These PANI thin films have been characterized by different techniques. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy used for structural analysis of synthesized PANI thin films while the crystalline nature determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Similarly, SEM, TEM, and AFM have been used for surface analysis of PANI thin films. The thermal and optical characteristics of PANI thin films studied by TGA and optical absorbance spectroscopy, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve gives information about the electrochemical reaction rate and the redox potential of PANI thin films.

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