scholarly journals Knee Wear Assessment: 3D Scanners Used as a Consolidated Procedure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Affatato ◽  
Maria Cristina Valigi ◽  
Silvia Logozzo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Mobile Bearing ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Optical Scanners ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
3D Scanners

It is well known that wear occurring in polyethylene menisci is a significant clinical problem. At this regard, wear tests on biomaterials medical devices are performed in order to assess their pre-clinical performance in terms of wear, durability, resistance to fatigue, etc. The objective of this study was to assess the wear of mobile total knee polyethylene inserts after an in vitro wear test. In particular, the wear behavior of mobile bearing polyethylene knee configurations was investigated using a knee joint wear simulator. After the completion of the wear test, the polyethylene mobile menisci were analyzed through a consolidated procedure by using 3D optical scanners, in order to evaluate the 3D wear distribution on the prosthesis surface, wear depths, wear rates, amount of material loss and contact areas. The results in terms of wear rates and wear volumes were compared with results of gravimetric tests, finding equivalent achievements.

Investigation on Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of Ti15Mg Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Haydar Abdul Hassan Al-Ethari ◽  
Sundus Abbas Jasim ◽  
Ekhlas Khalid Zamel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
Microscope Analysis ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Prepared Alloy

In this research work, bioactive Ti15Mg alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy route to investigate its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Many tests were performed including X-ray diffraction; optical microscope analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis, ultrasonic wave test, corrosion behavior test, Static immersion test, and the wet sliding wear test. The XRD result shows that the prepared alloy sample consist of (α-Ti phase) and Mg. The microstructure of the prepared alloy sample consisted of a biodegradable Mg or pore and alpha titanium. The effect of the Mg content on degradability was tested based on simulated body fluid of Ringer solutions using electrochemical corrosion. The findings indicate that an elastic modulus of 47GPa exhibits the alloy. There were low corrosion rates of the alloy. The Ti matrix remained integrity after 14 days of immersion in the Ringer solutions, and the magnesium phase dissolved in the solution, causing a layer to form on the alloy. The wear behavior of the prepared ally at wet sliding conditions was evaluated using pin on disc method. The in vitro analysis showed good biocompatibility with Ti15Mg alloy. The prepared alloy demonstrates good biocompatibility and bioactivity.

Erosive-abrasive wear behavior of carbide-free bainitic and boron steels compared in simulated field conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vuorinen ◽  
V Heino ◽  
N Ojala ◽  
O Haiko ◽  
A Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Boron Steels

The wear resistance of carbide-free bainitic microstructures have recently shown to be excellent in sliding, sliding-rolling, and erosive-abrasive wear. Boron steels are often an economically favorable alternative for similar applications. In this study, the erosive-abrasive wear performance of the carbide-free bainitic and boron steels with different heat treatments was studied in mining-related conditions. The aim was to compare these steels and to study the microstructural features affecting wear rates. The mining-related condition was simulated with an application oriented wear test method utilizing dry abrasive bed of 8–10 mm granite particles. Different wear mechanisms were found; in boron steels, micro-cutting and micro-ploughing were dominating mechanisms, while in the carbide-free bainitic steels, also impact craters with thin platelets were observed. Moreover, the carbide-free bainitic steels had better wear performance, which can be explained by the different microstructure. The carbide-free bainitic steels had fine ferritic-austenitic microstructure, whereas in boron steels microstructure was martensitic. The level of retained austenite was quite high in the carbide-free bainitic steels and that was one of the factors improving the wear performance of these steels. The hardness gradients with orientation of the deformation zone on the wear surfaces were one of the main affecting factors as well. Smoother work hardened hardness profiles were considered beneficial in these erosive-abrasive wear conditions.

Wear Behavior of Enamel/Dentine and Veneering Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Q.P. Gao ◽  
Yong Lie Chao ◽  
X.Ch. Jian ◽  
F. Guo ◽  
Y.K. Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

This in vitro study compared the wear behavior between the enamel/dentine, two types of dental veneering ceramics for all-ceramic restorations (Vita-alpha，Vintage -AL ). A variety of factors including hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, frictional coefficients, wear scar width, element concentrations were considered. The wear scars of the samples were characterized by dynamic atomic force microscopy (DFM). The element concentrations of the surface before/after the wear test were determined with energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). In this study Enamel/dentine, Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL have showed good wear resistance. The results also showed that there were statistical significance in samples. The friction coefficient varied from time in each kind of materials. The analytical differences between materials were observed in wear width and properties of materials (p<0.05). The wear ability among four materials ranked from highest to lowest as follows, Vintage-AL, Vita-alpha, enamel and dentine. DFM results demonstrated the wear patterns of natural tooth detected as abrasive and denaturation of dental texture. Wear patterns of tested veneering ceramics consisted mainly of abrasive wear, adhesion and fatigue wear and the different pattern plays different roles in Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL. The EDS results showed the element concentration of Fe was obviously found on the samples. Resistance ability against wear of veneering ceramics is better than that of natural human teeth. And the ability may have some correlation with the ceramics mechanical properties.

Fixed Bearing Knee Congruency – Influence on Contact Mechanics, Abrasive Wear and Kinematics

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Grupp ◽  
Dave Stulberg ◽  
Christian Kaddick ◽  
Allan Maas ◽  
Bernhard Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Fixed Bearing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Surface Contact ◽  
Total Knee

The objective of our study was to evaluate the in vitro wear behavior of fixed bearing designs for total knee arthroplasty in relation to contact mechanics and resultant kinematics for different degrees of congruency. A finite element model was created for three knee articulations with increasing degrees of tibio-femoral congruency (flat, curved, and dished design). For the three different knee design configurations, in vitro wear simulation was performed according to ISO 14243–1. Contact areas increased with increasing knee congruency, whereas the peak surface contact stresses decreased. The wear rates for the knee design configurations differed substantially between the three test groups (flat, curved, and dished). Our observations demonstrate that increased congruency in conjunction with decreased surface contact stresses significantly contributes to reducing wear in fixed bearing knee articulations.

scholarly journals Enhancing Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Using CNTs Mixed Electro-Discharge Process

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Timur Rizovich Ablyaz ◽  
Evgeny Sergeevich Shlykov ◽  
Karim Ravilevich Muratov ◽  
Amandeep Singh Bhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

This paper presents wear and corrosion resistance analysis of carbon nanotubes coated with Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by electro-discharge treatment. The reported work is carried out using Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array to design the experimental matrix by varying five input process parameters i.e., dielectric medium (plain dielectric, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed dielectric), current (1–4 A), pulse-on-time (30–60 µs), pulse-off-time (60–120 µs), and voltage (30–50 V). The output responses are assessed in terms of microhardness and surface roughness of the treated specimen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the coated sample reveal the formation of intermetallic compounds, oxides, and carbides, whereas surface morphology is observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For the purpose of the in-vitro wear behavior of treated samples, the surface with superior microhardness values in plain dielectric and MWCNTs mixed dielectric is compared using a pin-on-disc type wear test. Furthermore, electrochemical corrosion test is also conducted to portray the dominance of treated substrate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biomedical applications. It is concluded that the wear-resistant and the corrosion protection efficiency of the MWCNTs treated substrate enhanced to 95%, and 96.63%, respectively.

Long-term results for Kinemax and Kinematic knee bearings on a six-station knee wear simulator

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E Ash ◽  
I C Burgess ◽  
A Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Average Wear ◽  
Posterior Translation ◽  
Wear Simulator

A long-term wear test was performed on Kinemax and Kinematic (Howmedica Inc.) knee bearings on the Durham six-station knee wear simulator. The bearings were subjected to flexion/extension of 65–0°, anterior-posterior translation of between 4.5 and 8.5 mm and a maximum axial load of 3 kN. Passive abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation were also permitted, however, two of the stations had a linkage system which produced ± 5° active internal/external rotation. The bearings were tested at 37 °C in a 30 per cent bovine serum solution and the test was run to 5.6 × 106 cycles. The bearings from stations 2 and 3, and stations 4 and 5 were swapped during the test to investigate the effects of interstation variability. The average wear rate and standard error was 3.00 ± 0.98 mg/106 cycles (range 1.33-4.72 mg/106 cycles) for the Kinemax bearings and 3.78 ± 1.04 mg/106 cycles (range 1.87-4.89 mg/106 cycles) for the Kinematic bearings. There were no significant differences in wear rates between the different bearing designs, the addition of active internal/external rotation or a change of stations. However, the wear tracks were different for the two types of bearings and with active internal/external rotation. The wear rates and factors were generally lower than previously published in vitro wear results; however, this may have been due to a difference in the axial loads and lubricants used. The appearance of the wear tracks with active internal/external rotation was comparable with those seen on explanted knee bearings.

Wear of a Mobile Bearing Uni-Compartmental Knee Replacement Prosthesis: A Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Wear Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Ellison ◽  
A. Traynor ◽  
B. P. Casey ◽  
S. N. Collins ◽  
K. Trier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Mobile Bearing ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Replacement Prosthesis

Effect of Counter Surface Temperature and Load on the Transition from Mild to Severe Wear Behavior of Al-Si-SiCp Composites in Reciprocating Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
V.R. Rajeev ◽  
D.K. Dwivedi ◽  
S.C. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
Mild Wear ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Composite Mode ◽  
Counter Surface

In the present paper, the effect of counter surface temperature and load on the transition from mild to severe wear of A319/15%SiCp, A336/15%SiCp, and A390/15%SiCp composites have been reported. Composites were produced through stir casting route. Adhesive wear behavior of composites was studied under dry reciprocating conditions using indigenously developed reciprocating friction wear test rig conforming to ASTM standard G133-05. It was found that increase in counter surface temperature increases wear rate and depending upon the load and type of composite mode of wear changes from mild oxidative to severe metallic wear noticed. At 120N load, the critical transition temperature for all the three Al-Si-SiCp composites was found to be 350°C. SEM study of wear surface and wear debris was conducted to analyze the mode of wear and operating wear mechanism. Severe wear was characterized by massive plastic deformation and gross material removal while the mild wear was found to be associated with delamination and scoring as main wear mechanisms responsible for material loss.

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