scholarly journals Efficiency Enhanced Grating Coupler for Perfectly Vertical Fiber-to-Chip Coupling

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Zhang ◽  
Xiaotao Shan ◽  
Beiju Huang ◽  
Zanyun Zhang ◽  
Chuantong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grating Coupler ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Si3n4 Layer ◽  
Vertical Coupling ◽  
193 Nm

In this work, a bidirectional grating coupler for perfectly vertical coupling is proposed. The coupling efficiency is enhanced using a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer above a uniform grating. In the presence of Si3N4 layer, the back-reflected optical power into the fiber is diminished and coupling into the waveguide is increased. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the grating and Si3N4 layer simultaneously. The optimal design obtained from GA shows that the average in-plane coupling efficiency is enhanced from about 57.5% (−2.5 dB) to 68.5% (−1.65 dB), meanwhile the average back-reflection in the C band is reduced from 17.6% (−7.5 dB) to 7.4% (−11.3 dB). With the help of a backside metal mirror, the average coupling efficiency and peak coupling efficiency are further increased to 87% (−0.6 dB) and 89.4% (−0.49 dB). The minimum feature size of the designed device is 266 nm, which makes our design easy to fabricate through 193 nm deep-UV lithography and lowers the fabrication cost. In addition, the coupler proposed here shows a wide-band character with a 1-dB bandwidth of 64 nm and 3-dB bandwidth of 96 nm. Such a grating coupler design can provide an efficient and cost-effective solution for vertical fiber-to-chip optical coupling of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) application.

Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bentahar Attaouia ◽  
Kandouci Malika ◽  
Ghouali Samir
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis work is focused to carry out the investigation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) approach on free space optical (FSO) transmission systems using Erbium Ytterbium Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) integrated as post-or pre-amplifier for extending the reach to 30 Km for the cost-effective implementation of FSO system considering weather conditions. Furthermore, the performance of proposed FSO-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is also evaluated on the effect of varying the FSO range and results are reported in terms of Q factor, BER, and eye diagrams. It has been found that, under clear rain the post-amplification was performed and was able to reach transmission distance over 27 Km, whereas, the FSO distance has been limited at 19.5 Km by using pre-amplification.

scholarly journals EDFA AND EYCDFA POWER BOOSTER FOR SECURED, HIGH SPEED AND MULTIPLE WAVELENGTH SERVICES IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USING WDM AND QUAD-SINGLE FORWARD AND TRI BACKWARD PUMPING TECHNIQUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Semmalar ◽  
S. Malarkkan
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Output Optical Power ◽  
Wavelength Division

Proposed the EDFA and EYCDFA power booster (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier- Erbium ytterbium co doped fiber amplifier) with quad pumping for high speed and multi wavelength services in an optical communication. The proposed EDFA and EYCDFA power booster with WDM(Wavelength division multiplexing) simulated by dual forward and Backward pumping, Dual-backward pumping, Tri-single forward and dual backward pumping and Quadsingle forward and tri-backward pumping with respect to Pump power and fiber Length. The parameters Input Optical power, Output Optical power, Forward Signal power, Backward Signal power measured and determined the speed of transmission in all types of pumping methods. From that the proposed EDFA- ans EYCDFA power booster with WDM quad pumping is the best suitable for secured high speed optical telecommunication systems. The results shown in Quad pumping Output optical power is maximum 25.2dB and optimum spectral forward Signal power is 30.5dBm and very less spectral optical backward signal power of -25.4dBm with Length 5m

Comparative Analysis of High Speed 20/20 Gbps OTDM-PON, WDM-PON and TWDM-PON for Long-Reach NG-PON2

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meet Kumari ◽  
Reecha Sharma ◽  
Anu Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Wdm Pon

AbstractNowadays, bandwidth demand is enormously increasing, that causes the existing passive optical network (PON) to become the future optical access network. In this paper, next generation passive optical network 2 (NG-PON2) based, optical time division multiplexing passive optical network (OTDM-PON), wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) and time & wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON) systems with 20 Gbps (8 × 2.5 Gbps) downstream and 20 Gbps (8 × 2.5 Gbps) upstream capacity for eight optical network units has been proposed. The performance has been compared by varying the input power (−6 to 27 dBm) and transmission distance (10–130 km) in terms of Q-factor and optical received power in the presence of fiber noise and non-linearities. It has been observed that TWDM-PON outperforms OTDM-PON and WDM-PON for high input power and data rate (20/20 Gbps). Also, TWDM-PON shows its superiority for long-reach transmission up to 130 km, which is a cost-effective solution for future NG-PON2 applications.

scholarly journals A Node-Regulated Deflection Routing Framework for Contention Minimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bakhe Nleya ◽  
Andrew Mutsvangwa
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Deflection Routing ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
Candidate Solution ◽  
Data Burst

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) paradigm coupled with Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) has become a practical candidate solution for the next-generation optical backbone networks. In its practical deployment only the edge nodes are provisioned with buffering capabilities, whereas all interior (core) nodes remain buffer-less. In that way the implementation becomes quite simple as well as cost effective as there will be no need for optical buffers in the interior. However, the buffer-less nature of the interior nodes makes such networks prone to data burst contention occurrences that lead to a degradation in overall network performance as a result of sporadic heavy burst losses. Such drawbacks can be partly countered by appropriately dimensioning available network resources and reactively by way of deflecting excess as well as contending data bursts to available least-cost alternate paths. However, the deflected data bursts (traffic) must not cause network performance degradations in the deflection routes. Because minimizing contention occurrences is key to provisioning a consistent Quality of Service (QoS), we therefore in this paper propose and analyze a framework (scheme) that seeks to intelligently deflect traffic in the core network such that QoS degradations caused by contention occurrences are minimized. This is by way of regulated deflection routing (rDr) in which neural network agents are utilized in reinforcing the deflection route choices at core nodes. The framework primarily relies on both reactive and proactive regulated deflection routing approaches in order to prevent or resolve data burst contentions. Simulation results show that the scheme does effectively improve overall network performance when compared with existing contention resolution approaches. Notably, the scheme minimizes burst losses, end-to-end delays, frequency of contention occurrences, and burst deflections.

Evolution to broadband via optical ISDN

1989 ◽  
Vol 329 (1603) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
High Definition Television ◽  
Local Access ◽  
Recent Developments

A comprehensive broadband information network has been the goal of many Telecom operators worldwide. It is likely that such target networks will be single mode and will use time- and wavelength-division multiplexing and eventually coherent technologies to carry all services (including high-definition television). At issue is whether fibring of the local-access network can proceed by direct installation of such comprehensive target systems in the 1990s, or whether fibre solutions could first become cost-effective for current narrowband services and then gracefully evolve to broadband services. Regarding the technologies, there is more familiarity with star networks involving one or two fibres to each customer. In this paper, recent developments in the use of passive distributed networks are described, and optoelectronic issues affecting the adoption of star and distributed technologies are considered against the means of achieving future broadband infrastructures.

Estimation of Signal-to-Cross Talk Ratio of Stimulated-Raman-Scattering-Induced Cross Talk in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Based Radio-over-Fiber Links

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Sandeep K. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Stimulated Raman

Abstract This paper evaluates the signal-to-cross talk ratio (SXR) of cross talk induced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems based on wavelength-division multiplexing. The reported study has modeled the relations of SXR to modulation frequency, optical power, transmission length, and effective area of fiber for various values of the walk-off parameter. The summary of experimental results reveals that SXR decreases with increases in channel input power and transmission distance and increased with increases in fiber effective area and modulation frequency. Results showed that increasing the walk-off parameter from 13.6 to 81.6 ps/km increased the SXR by almost 6 dBm. Furthermore, various fibers, including standard single-mode fiber (SMF), Corning LEAF, and Alcatel TeraLight were tested for their capacity to mitigate SRS-induced cross talk. These tests demonstrated that standard SMF suppressed SRS cross talk effectively and offered values of SXR 3 dBm and 6 dBm higher than the values exhibited by Alcatel TeraLight and Corning LEAF, respectively.

Nonlinear Effects with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
IS Amiri ◽  
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed ◽  
Abd El-naser A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed B. Aboelazm ◽  
P Yupapin
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Nonlinear Medium ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Channel Spacing ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Channel Wave ◽  
Channel Separation

AbstractThis study has presented the nonlinear medium such as passive nonlinear medium like highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) and active nonlinear medium like SOA. The FWM effects have ended up plainly huge at high optical power levels and have become even more meaningful when the capacity of the optical transmission line is increased, which has been reached through decreasing the channel separations. Also, anatomy has been done to analyze the performance of FWM when unequal channel spacing is considered. The outcomes indicate that when unequal channel spacing is used, the power levels of the beat frequency generated due to FWM effect in WDM system was increased to large values, so the performance of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is not enhanced, on the other hand when equal channel separations are used, and at the same bandwidth required to transmit 4 input channels the quality of receiving signal is greater than the system used unequal channel separation. This means that in the WDM system equal channels separation is more efficient than unequal channels separation-based SOA. The simulation is done using 4 channel wave division multiplexing signals at a rate of 10 Gb/s.

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