scholarly journals Assessing the Interfacial Dynamic Modulus of Biological Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Yaniv Shelef ◽  
Avihai Yosef Uzan ◽  
Ofer Braunshtein ◽  
Benny Bar-On
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Viscoelastic Modulus ◽  
Biological Composites ◽  
Field Dynamic ◽  
Composite Mechanics

Biological composites (biocomposites) possess ultra-thin, irregular-shaped, energy dissipating interfacial regions that grant them crucial mechanical capabilities. Identifying the dynamic (viscoelastic) modulus of these interfacial regions is considered to be the key toward understanding the underlying structure–function relationships in various load-bearing biological materials including mollusk shells, arthropod cuticles, and plant parts. However, due to the submicron dimensions and the confined locations of these interfacial regions within the biocomposite, assessing their mechanical characteristics directly with experiments is nearly impossible. Here, we employ composite-mechanics modeling, analytical formulations, and numerical simulations to establish a theoretical framework that links the interfacial dynamic modulus of a biocomposite to the extrinsic characteristics of a larger-scale biocomposite segment. Accordingly, we introduce a methodology that enables back-calculating (via simple linear scaling) of the interfacial dynamic modulus of biocomposites from their far-field dynamic mechanical analysis. We demonstrate its usage on zigzag-shaped interfaces that are abundant in biocomposites. Our theoretical framework and methodological approach are applicable to the vast range of biocomposites in natural materials; its essence can be directly employed or generally adapted into analogous composite systems, such as architected nanocomposites, biomedical composites, and bioinspired materials.

Rubber–Road Contact: Comparison of Physics-Based Theory and Indoor Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Motamedi ◽  
Saied Taheri ◽  
Corina Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Optical Profilometer ◽  
Viscoelastic Modulus ◽  
Longitudinal Slip

ABSTRACT For tire designers, rubber friction is a topic of pronounced practical importance. Thus, development of a rubber–road contact model is of great interest. In this research, to predict the effectiveness of the tread compound in a tire as it interacts with the pavement, the physics-based multiscale rubber-friction theories developed by B. Persson and M. Klüppel were studied. The strengths of each method were identified and incorporated into a consolidated model that is more comprehensive and proficient than any single, existing, physics-based approach. In the present work, the friction coefficient was estimated for a summer tire tread compound sliding on sandpaper. The inputs to the model were the fractal properties of the rough surface and the dynamic viscoelastic modulus of rubber. The sandpaper-surface profile was measured accurately using an optical profilometer. Two-dimensional parameterization was performed using one-dimensional profile measurements. The tire tread compound was characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis. To validate the friction model, a laboratory-based, rubber-friction test that could measure the friction between a rubber sample and any arbitrary rough surface was designed and built. The apparatus consisted of a turntable, which can have the surface characteristics of choice, and a rubber wheel in contact with the turntable. The wheel speed, as well as the turntable speed, could be controlled precisely to generate the arbitrary values of longitudinal slip at which the dynamic coefficient of friction was measured. The correlation between the simulation and the experimental results was investigated.

The Puzzle and the Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Gender And Space

This chapter outlines the motivation for undertaking the research presented here, and offers an account of the contexts for the peacebuilding-related activities in which the United Nations is involved: Burundi; Central African Republic; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; and Sierra Leone. The research design is explained, with an overview provided of both the theoretical framework supporting the research and the methodological approach taken. The methodology is a form of discourse analysis engaging both documentary and transcribed interview texts, and this chapter explains how the author uses the concepts of gender and space to structure the analysis in the rest of the book. The chapter also presents an analysis of the literature on peacebuilding to which the author seeks to make a contribution with this research.

scholarly journals A Holistic Approach to the Mechanisms of Music Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ibañez Cantí
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Circuit Of Culture

Meaning is encoded in the production and decoded by the audience during the consumption, which is why it is a process of constant feedback. Each person experiences meaningful connotations in relation to their favourite music, hence music occupies a particular position in each one’s life and within the cultural life of particular individuals and groups.   Music meaning and emotion has been studied by David Carr (2004), who wonders if emotion is intrinsic in music, or if it is a symbolic representation – or rather if emotions are projected from the listener onto the music. Like Akio Morita (the co-founder of Sony, and the person behind Sony Walkman), Jean Baudrillard argues that meaning does not reside in an object but in how that object is used (Du Gay et al. 1997, 90). Is there a relation between what music means to an individual and his/her preference for a particular genre?   The methodological approach is mainly qualitative. I have analysed 215 responses to an online questionnaire, and followed this with an analysis of 8 semi-structured in-depth interviews. I seek to comprehend the space that music occupies in the net of relationships that constitute culture, and to discover the mechanisms of taste configuration in relation to music-meaning within a holistic approach, encompassing the circuit of culture as a theoretical framework.  

Urbanization in Saudi Arabia and sustainability challenges of cities and heritage sites: heuristical insights

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alqahtany ◽  
Sreejith Aravindakshan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the trajectories of the urbanization process in Saudi Arabia in its regional context from the unification of the country by King Abdul Aziz Al Saud in 1932 to the present time, and the urbanization impact on the status and management of cultural heritage in the Kingdom.Design/methodology/approachOur study design integrated a well-articulated theoretical frame of sustainability to gain a heuristical understanding of urbanization in Saudi Arabia, and its link to cultural heritage. The methodological approach was mixed in nature involving (1) literature search and review, (2) analysis of public documents and databases, (3) analysis of photographs and (4) expert interviews.FindingsOne of the most obvious findings reached in this study is that there is considerable trade-off between heritage site conservation, population and economic demand for increased urbanization. Hence, with increasing urbanization pressures, the value of the heritage site may be rethought based on Saudi Arabia's economic and cultural conservation perspectives.Research limitations/implicationsSince our data are mostly of textual narrative in origin, precise predictions were difficult or impossible for many reasons such as non-linearity, and non-equilibrium dynamics, context and scale dependence as well as the historical exigency of urbanization. However, the same theoretical framework can be applied to appropriate longitudinal/ time series data for predictive analyses, which can be taken up as a future research agenda.Originality/valueThis paper analyzes the urbanization process and sustainability challenges of cultural heritage sites employing a mixed methodological approach, embedded in a holistic theoretical framework of sustainability.

Interactive Generation Brazil Research

2014 ◽  
pp. 284-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brasilina Passarelli ◽  
Alan César Belo Angeluci
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Information And Communication

The contemporary hybridism has led new generations to a connected-based society in which relations among individuals are even more mediated by the arising Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Some aspects of these mediations need to be deeply understood since new and different usages, habits, and practices with media are being observed among those born since the nineties – the digital natives. Aiming to investigate this context, a study was carried out to better understand how children and teenagers interact with four screens: computers, TV, games, and mobile phones. From a quantitative methodological approach, data was collected using a survey applied in Brazilian schools. A theoretical framework on digital literacy concepts was used as base for two-layer of data analysis on these four media, and the results were organized in five topics that show the main outcomes. They can be the basis of further educational policies grounded in real diagnosis.

Grassroots Political Campaign in Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 165-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renira Rampazzo Gambarato ◽  
Sergei Andreevich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
Participatory Politics ◽  
Information And Communication

This chapter analyzes the transmedia strategies of opposition candidate Alexey Navalny's campaign during the 2013 Moscow mayoral election. The goal is to highlight how the use of information and communication technology contributed to the development of democratic practices in Russia. His westernized, grassroots political campaign was a novelty in the country, involving online fundraising, door-to-door canvassing, engagement of volunteers, digital projects, and meetings with voters, for instance. The argument is that, although Navalny lost the election, his candidacy represented advancement in terms of both the use of new media and the promotion of democratic development in the midst of autocratic Russia. If the progress will be maintained, it remains to be seen. The theoretical framework includes the reality of the Russian political scenario and the conceptualization of transmedia storytelling strategies in the context of participatory politics. The methodological approach is based on the transmedia analytical model by Gambarato (2013).

Introduction: The Battle over Race, Crime, and Gentrification

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jan Doering
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
American City ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Research Questions

The first chapter gives an overview of crime and gentrification in Rogers Park and Uptown. It explains why residents largely regarded efforts to tackle these interconnected problems as mutually exclusive. It also situates the local tensions about crime and gentrification in the broader historical and structural context of racial segregation and integration in the American city. In addition, the chapter introduces the book’s methodological approach, outlines its research questions, and develops its theoretical framework. Regarding the theoretical framework, the chapter introduces two simple concepts, “racial challenges” and “racial neutralizations,” which describe the contentious work of framing social phenomena as racially problematic or racially benign.

scholarly journals Workplace-integrated assistance systems conducive to learning designed for production

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Tina Haase ◽  
◽  
Wilhelm Termath ◽  
Michael Dick ◽  
Michael Schenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Further Development

In this paper, the authors present a methodological approach for designing assistance systems conducive to learning. The theoretical framework is based on the activity system and the concept of expansive learning. From this, the authors develop the learning activity system. The application and further development of this theoretical framework is presented on the basis of an industrial application scenario of mechatronic reprocessing in the automotive industry. It includes a systematic approach to technology selection and design that serves as a practical action guide for companies designing assistance systems. In addition, dimensions conducive to learning are developed and linked to the activity system approach. This integrated model provides requirements for the design of an assistance system conducive to learning. The paper also describes concrete requirements and measures of a participatory design and implementation process.

Grassroots Political Campaign in Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-221
Author(s):  
Renira Rampazzo Gambarato ◽  
Sergei Andreevich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
Participatory Politics ◽  
Information And Communication

This chapter analyzes the transmedia strategies of opposition candidate Alexey Navalny's campaign during the 2013 Moscow mayoral election. The goal is to highlight how the use of information and communication technology contributed to the development of democratic practices in Russia. His westernized, grassroots political campaign was a novelty in the country, involving online fundraising, door-to-door canvassing, engagement of volunteers, digital projects, and meetings with voters, for instance. The argument is that, although Navalny lost the election, his candidacy represented advancement in terms of both the use of new media and the promotion of democratic development in the midst of autocratic Russia. If the progress will be maintained, it remains to be seen. The theoretical framework includes the reality of the Russian political scenario and the conceptualization of transmedia storytelling strategies in the context of participatory politics. The methodological approach is based on the transmedia analytical model by Gambarato (2013).

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