scholarly journals Biodegradable Nanofibrous Membranes for Medical and Personal Protection Applications: Manufacturing, Anti-COVID-19 and Anti-Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3862
Author(s):  
Latifah Abdullah Alshabanah ◽  
Mohamed Hagar ◽  
Laila A. Al-Mutabagani ◽  
Ghada M. Abozaid ◽  
Salwa M. Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Nanofibrous Membranes

Biodegradable nanofibrous hybrid membranes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with ZnO and CuO nanoparticles were manufactured and characterized, and their anti-COVID-19 and anti-multidrug resistant bacteria activities were also evaluated. The morphological structures of the prepared PVA composites nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed a homogenous pattern of the developed nanofibers, with an average fibrous diameter of 200–250 nm. Moreover, the results of the SEM showed that the fiber size changed with the type and the concentration of the metal oxide. Moreover, the antiviral and antibacterial potential capabilities of the developed nanofibrous membranes were tested in blocking the viral fusion of SARS-COV-2, as a representative activity for COVID-19 deactivation, as well as for their activity against a variety of bacterial strains, including multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR). The results revealed that ZnO loaded nanofibers were more potent antiviral agents than their CuO analogues. This antiviral action was attributed to the fact that inorganic metallic compounds have the ability to extract hydrogen bonds with viral proteins, causing viral rupture or morphological changes. On the other hand, the anti-multi-drug resistant activity of the prepared nanofibers was also evaluated using two techniques; the standard test method for determining the antimicrobial activity of immobilized antimicrobial agents under dynamic contact conditions and the standard test method for determining the activity of incorporated antimicrobial agents in polymeric or hydrophobic materials. Both techniques proved the superiority of the ZnO loaded nanofibers over the CuO loaded fibers. The results of the antiviral and antibacterial tests showed the effectiveness of such nanofibrous formulas, not only for medical applications, but also for the production of personal protection equipment, such as gowns and textiles.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Tigecycline and Linezolid Against Pan-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Companion Dogs in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Companion Dogs

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in companion animals is an increasing concern in view of the concept of One Health. The antimicrobials linezolid (LZD) and tigecycline (TGC) are effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from humans; however, thus far, no previous study has evaluated the efficacy of these drugs against bacteria isolated from companion animals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LZD and TGC against bacteria that were isolated from companion dogs and showed resistance to all classes of antimicrobial agents. Clinical samples (auditory channel, eye, skin, and urine) were collected from dogs that visited the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University (Seoul, South Korea) from October 2017 to September 2020. In total, 392 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 85 were resistant to all classes of antimicrobial agents tested and were, therefore, considered potentially pan-drug resistant (PDR). The susceptibility of isolates to LZD and TGC was determined by the disk diffusion method and interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. In total, 95.6% (43/45) and 97.8% (44/45) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to LZD and TGC, respectively, whereas 82.5% (33/40) of gram-negative isolates were sensitive to TGC. In conclusion, both agents showed favorable efficacy, with the susceptibility rates for all potential PDR bacteria, except Pseudomonas spp., ranging from 72.7 to 100%. Thus, these drugs may serve as excellent antimicrobial options for veterinary medicine in the future.

Resistance to nitrofurantoin is an indicator of extensive drug-resistant (XDR) Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaram Khamari ◽  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Nitrofurantoin is one of the preferred antibiotics in the treatment of uropathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. However, resistance to nitrofurantoin in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria has severely limited the treatment options. Gap statement. Information related to co-resistance or collateral sensitivity (CS) with reference to nitrofurantoin resistant bacteria is limited. Aim. To study the potential of nitrofurantoin resistance as an indicator of the XDR phenotype in Enterobacteriaceae . Methods. One hundred (45 nitrofurantoin-resistant, 21 intermediately resistant and 34 nitrofurantoin-susceptible) Enterobacteriaceae were analysed in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) against nitrofurantoin and 17 other antimicrobial agents across eight different classes was performed by using the Vitek 2.0 system. The isolates were screened for the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and efflux pump genes by PCR. Results. In total, 51 % of nitrofurantoin-resistant and 28 % of intermediately nitrofurantoin resistant isolates exhibited XDR characteristics, while only 3 % of nitrofurantoin-sensitive isolates were XDR (P=0.0001). Significant co-resistance was observed between nitrofurantoin and other tested antibiotics (β-lactam, cephalosporin, carbapenem, aminoglycoside and tetracycline). Further, the prevalence of AMR and efflux pump genes was higher in the nitrofurantoin-resistant strains compared to the susceptible isolates. A strong association was observed between nitrofurantoin resistance and the presence of bla PER-1, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ant(2) and oqxA-oqxB genes. Tigecycline (84 %) and colistin (95 %) were the only antibiotics to which the majority of the isolates were susceptible. Conclusion. Nitrofurantoin resistance could be an indicator of the XDR phenotype among Enterobacteriaceae , harbouring multiple AMR and efflux pump genes. Tigecycline and colistin are the only antibiotics that could be used in the treatment of such XDR infections. A deeper understanding of the co-resistance mechanisms in XDR pathogens and prescription of AST-based appropriate combination therapy may help mitigate this problem.

scholarly journals Isolation of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Aspirates of Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Rayhan Mahmud ◽  
Kajal Ahsan ◽  
Shamima Begum
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Esbl Producer ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Isolated Species

Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria are common affairs in cancer patients during aggressive therapy. The present study characterizedmulti-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) isolated from cancer aspirates collected from patients admitted to the National Cancer Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 210 aspirate samples were collected from cancer patients. Out of 210 samples Acinetobacter spp.led the list of isolates (8.89%, n=45). Of these species, 50% exhibited resistance to Amoxycillin and Nitrofurantoin, each, 25% exhibited resistant to Cefotaxime, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Sulfamethoxazole. A total of 33.33% of the Bordetella spp.which accounted 6.67%of the total isolates exhibited resistance to Cefotaxime. All oftheLegionellapneumophila,comprising 4.4%of the isolated species, wereresistant to Cefotaxime, Azithromycin, and Clindamycin.In contrast, 50% were resistant to Cefotaxime, Azithromycin, and Ceftriaxone. Of the Escherichia coli(4.4%, n=45) isolated,50% exhibited resistance to Cefotaxime, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxycillinand Sulfamethoxazole.The only isolate of Klebsiella sp. was demonstrated to be an ESBL producer. The isolation of multidrug resistant bacteria from cancer patients is of particular concern in Bangladesh where cancer and drug resistance are both common phenomena but treatment facilities are poor. To our knowledge this is the first report of the isolation of drug resistant bacteria from cancer patients from Dhaka city. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 61-66

scholarly journals Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Kamel Alhanout ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial O-Alkyl Derivatives of Naringenin and Their Oximes Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Duda-Madej ◽  
Joanna Kozłowska ◽  
Paweł Krzyżek ◽  
Mirosław Anioł ◽  
Alicja Seniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Derivatives Of

New antimicrobial agents are needed to address infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we are reporting novel O-alkyl derivatives of naringenin and their oximes, including novel compounds with a naringenin core and O-hexyl chains, showing activity against clinical strains of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and beta-lactam-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), which provide a quantitative measure of antimicrobial activity, were in the low microgram range for the selected compounds. Checkerboard assays for the most active compounds in combination with antibiotics revealed interactions that varied from synergistic to neutral.

Silver nanoflower coupled with low dose antibiotics enables highly effective Drug-resistant bacteria eradication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xianting Ding ◽  
Khan Zara Ahmad ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Highly Effective

Due to the global overuse of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) continuously call for effective strategies to tackle the antibiotic resistance crisis. Here, we develop a silver nanomaterial with a petal-like...

scholarly journals Genetically Engineered Phages: a Review of Advances over the Last Decade

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Pires ◽  
Sara Cleto ◽  
Sanna Sillankorva ◽  
Joana Azeredo ◽  
Timothy K. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Work

SUMMARYSoon after their discovery in the early 20th century, bacteriophages were recognized to have great potential as antimicrobial agents, a potential that has yet to be fully realized. The nascent field of phage therapy was adversely affected by inadequately controlled trials and the discovery of antibiotics. Although the study of phages as anti-infective agents slowed, phages played an important role in the development of molecular biology. In recent years, the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in the use of phages as antimicrobial agents. With the wide array of possibilities offered by genetic engineering, these bacterial viruses are being modified to precisely control and detect bacteria and to serve as new sources of antibacterials. In applications that go beyond their antimicrobial activity, phages are also being developed as vehicles for drug delivery and vaccines, as well as for the assembly of new materials. This review highlights advances in techniques used to engineer phages for all of these purposes and discusses existing challenges and opportunities for future work.

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