“Success Depends on Your Backbone”—About the Use of Polymers as Essential Materials Forming Orodispersible Films

Polymers constitute a group of materials having a wide-ranging impact on modern pharmaceutical technology. Polymeric components provide the foundation for the advancement of novel drug delivery platforms, inter alia orodispersible films. Orodispersible films are thin, polymeric scraps intended to dissolve quickly when put on the tongue, allowing them to be easily swallowed without the necessity of drinking water, thus eliminating the risk of choking, which is of great importance in the case of pediatric and geriatric patients. Polymers are essential excipients in designing orodispersible films, as they constitute the backbone of these drug dosage form. The type of polymer is of significant importance in obtaining the formulation of the desired quality. The polymers employed to produce orodispersible films must meet particular requirements due to their oral administration and have to provide adequate surface texture, film thickness, mechanical attributes, tensile and folding strength as well as relevant disintegration time and drug release to obtain the final product characterized by optimal pharmaceutical features. A variety of natural and synthetic polymers currently utilized in manufacturing of orodispersible films might be used alone or in a blend. The goal of the present manuscript was to present a review about polymers utilized in designing oral-dissolving films.

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The characteristics of novel dosage forms

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind0310424m ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 424-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jela Milic-Askrabic ◽

Slobodan Petrovic

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Active Substance ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Technological Development ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Material Development ◽

Conventional Drug ◽

Drug Dosage Form

The objective of pharmaceutical-technological development is to find a procedure of transforming an active substance (a drug) into a drug dosage form which is not only acceptable for application, but also enables the active substance to be released following administration, pursuant to therapy objectives. The aim is that the concentration of the active substance in the action location rapidly reaches a therapeutic level and maintains an approximately constant level in the course of a particular time, according to the established therapeutic goal. The primary objective is to present the active ingredient (drug) in the form and concentration/quantity that enables the corresponding therapeutic response, i.e. to control the site and rate of medicinal substance release from the drug, as well as the rate at which it reaches the membranes and surfaces to which it is absorbed, while applying a common method of administration. The procedures used to achieve this goal are becoming highly complex and demanding and are aiming at sophisticated drug delivery systems and functional packaging material. Development from the existing drug molecule, through the conventional drug dosage form, to a new system of drug "delivery" (novel delivery system), can improve the drug (active substance) characteristics significantly in view of compliance (acceptability by the patient), safety and efficiency. The paper presents an overview of the most important examples of pharmaceutical forms with controlled release and advanced drug "carriers".

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A Mini Review on Mucoadhesion

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3521-3527

Author(s):

Gnanasekaran John Selvaraj ◽

Arul Balasubramanian ◽

Kothai Ramalingam

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Delivery System ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Application Site ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Drug Dosage Form

The concept of mucoadhesion was started in early 1980’s with the aim of controlled delivery of drugs. Mucoadhesion is simply defined as the adhesion between two materials, in which one is the mucosal surface and the another one is the mucoadhesive dosage form. In the recent decades, mucoadhesive drug delivery system draw the attention in the gastroretentive delivery system. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, and mucin molecules and increase the residence time. Mucoadhesive dosage forms are designed to increase the retention of the drug/dosage form at the application site, to provide a controlled release of drug for increased curative consequence. The medications which have local action or those which have maximum absorption in gastrointestinal tract require increased duration of stay in GIT. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems were prepared by using either natural or synthetic polymers, which is interacting with the mucous layer and used to prevail over the physiological barriers for extended drug delivery. The mucoadhesive ability of a dosage form is depending upon variety of factors, such as the nature of the mucosal tissue and the physicochemical properties of the polymeric formulation. This review article aims to provide an overview of the various theories of mucoadhesion, properties of mucoadhesive materials, methods to study the mucoadhesion, and finally various mucoadhesive dosage forms.

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Recent Advances in Novasome Formulation Technology

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2014.7.2.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 2407-2411

Author(s):

J M Shah ◽

N.H Shah ◽

Hadiya P D

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Effective Means ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Bilayer Membrane ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Liposomal Drug ◽

Pharmaceutical Technology ◽

Insoluble Drugs ◽

Novel Drug

Pharmaceutical technology has developed various newer modes of novel drug delivery aspects. Modifications in the previously existing drug delivery methods have led to various newly innovated technologies serving as a safe and effective means of improvement over the existing ones. Novasome technology is one of the new innovations of liposomes which have solved many of the problems related to liposomal drug delivery system. It offers a seven bilayer membrane which has the ability to incorporate both water soluble and insoluble drugs. It has an excellent entrapment efficiency which provides better medication. Formulation of novasomes is achieved in a high shear device. Due to its numerous advantages, novasomes have been used extensively in various fields like cosmetics, chemical, personal care, foods, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

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Development of Innovative Orally Fast Disintegrating Film Dosage Forms: A Review

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2012.5.2.2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1666-1674 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bibhu Prasad Panda ◽

N.S Dey ◽

M.E.B. Rao

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Design And Development ◽

Innovative Drug ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, there has been an increased interest for innovative drug delivery systems to improve safety, efficacy and patient compliance, thereby increasing the product patent life cycle. The discovery and development of new chemical entities is not only an expensive but also time consuming affair. Hence the pharmaceutical industries are focusing on the design and development of innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. One such delivery system is the fast disintegrating oral film, which has gained popularity among pediatric and geriatric patients. This fast disintegrating film with many potential benefits of a fast disintegrating tablet but devoid of friability and risk of choking is more acceptable to pediatric and geriatric patients. Formulation of fast disintegrating film can be achieved by various techniques, but common methods of preparation include spraying and casting. These film forming techniques use hydrophilic film former in combination with suitable excipients, which allow the film to disintegrate or dissolve quickly in the mouth within a few seconds without the administration of water. In view of the advantages of the fast disintegrating films over the fast disintegrating tablets and other dosage forms, it has the potential for commercial exploitation. The oral film dosage form not only has certain advantages of other fast disintegrating systems but also satisfies the unmet needs of the market. The present review emphasizes on the potential benefits, design and development of robust, stable, and innovative orally fast- disintegrating films and their future scenarios on a global market as a pharmaceutical dosage form.

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Natural Polymers in Fast Dissolving Tablets

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00503 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2859-2866

Author(s):

Ratnaparkhi M.P. ◽

Karnawat G.R. ◽

Andhale R.S.

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Patients ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Oral Route ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Water Soluble Drug ◽

Poorly Water Soluble ◽

Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Oral route is most preferable route of administration for various drugs, because it is convenient, economical, safest route. Fast dissolving tablets are popular nowadays, as they disintegrated in mouth within a few seconds without using water for swallow. Problems like Dysphagia in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overcome by formulating Fast dissolving tablet. Natural polymers are preferable because they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and available easily than synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are obtained from the natural origin so they are devoid of any side effect. It is proved from the previous studies that Natural polymers are more-safe and effective than the synthetic polymers. Natural polymers improve the properties of tablet and they are used as binder, diluent, superdisintegrant, they also enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, decrease the disintegration time and provide nutritional supplement. The aim of the present article is to study various natural polymers used in fast dissolving tablets.

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Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir (HARVONI Tablet): Comparative Study with Two Generic Products

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.16-0330 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 976-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nisreen F Abo-Talib ◽

Mohamed R El-Ghobashy ◽

Marwa H Tammam

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Drug Dosage Form ◽

Generic Products ◽

Third Derivative ◽

Combination Pill

Abstract Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir are the first drugs in a combination pill to treat chronic hepatitis C virus. Simple, sensitive, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in their combined dosage form. These methods were based on direct measurement of ledipasvir at 333 nm (due to the lack of interference of sofosbuvir) over a concentration range of 4.0–14.0 µg/mL, with a mean recovery of 100.78 ± 0.64%. Sofosbuvir was determined, without prior separation, by third-derivative values at 281 nm; derivative ratio values at 265.8 nm utilizing 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; the ratio difference method using values at 270 and 250 nm using 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; and the ratio subtraction method using values at 261 nm. These methods were found to be linear for sofosbuvir over a concentration range of 5.0–35.0 µg/mL. The suggested methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Statistical analysis of the results showed no significant difference between the proposed methods and the manufacturer's LC method of determination with respect to accuracy and precision. These methods were used to compare the equivalence of an innovator drug dosage form and two generic drug dosage forms of the same strength.

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