scholarly journals The Effect of Boron on the Microstructure and Properties of Refractory Metal Intermetallic Composites (RM(Nb)ICs) Based on Nb-24Ti-xSi (x = 16, 17 or 18 at.%) with Additions of Al, Cr or Mo

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6101
Author(s):  
Tophan Thandorn ◽  
Panos Tsakiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Metal ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
Scale Spallation ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Heat Treated

This paper is about metallic ultra-high temperature materials, in particular, refractory metal intermetallic composites based on Nb, i.e., RM(Nb)ICs, with the addition of boron, which are compared with refractory metal high entropy alloys (RHEAs) or refractory metal complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs). We studied the effect of B addition on the density, macrosegregation, microstructure, hardness and oxidation of four RM(Nb)IC alloys, namely the alloys TT2, TT3, TT4 and TT8 with nominal compositions (at.%) Nb-24Ti-16Si-5Cr-7B, Nb-24Ti-16Si-5Al-7B, Nb-24Ti-18Si-5Al-5Cr-8B and Nb-24Ti-17Si-3.5Al-5Cr-6B-2Mo, respectively. The alloys made it possible to compare the effect of B addition on density, hardness or oxidation with that of Ge or Sn addition. The alloys were made using arc melting and their microstructures were characterised in the as cast and heat-treated conditions. The B macrosegregation was highest in TT8. The macrosegregation of Si or Ti increased with the addition of B and was lowest in TT8. The alloy TT8 had the lowest density of 6.41 g/cm3 and the highest specific strength at room temperature, which was also higher than that of RCCAs and RHEAs. The Nbss and T2 silicide were stable in the alloys TT2 and TT3, whereas in TT4 and TT8 the stable phases were the Nbss and the T2 and D88 silicides. Compared with the Ge or Sn addition in the same reference alloy, the B and Ge addition was the least and most effective at 800 °C (i.e., in the pest regime), when no other RM was present in the alloy. Like Ge or Sn, the B addition in TT2, TT3 and TT4 did not suppress scale spallation at 1200 °C. Only the alloy TT8 did not pest and its scales did not spall off at 800 and 1200 °C. The macrosegregation of Si and Ti, the chemical composition of Nbss and T2, the microhardness of Nbss and the hardness of alloys, and the oxidation of the alloys at 800 and 1200 °C were also viewed from the perspective of the alloy design methodology NICE and relationships with the alloy or phase parameters VEC, δ and Δχ. The trends of these parameters and the location of alloys and phases in parameter maps were found to be in agreement with NICE.

scholarly journals On the Microstructure and Properties of Nb-Ti-Cr-Al-B-Si-X (X = Hf, Sn, Ta) Refractory Complex Concentrated Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7615
Author(s):  
Tophan Thandorn ◽  
Panos Tsakiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Refractory Metal ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Intermetallic Composite

We studied the effect of the addition of Hf, Sn, or Ta on the density, macrosegregation, microstructure, hardness and oxidation of three refractory metal intermetallic composites based on Nb (RM(Nb)ICs) that were also complex concentrated alloys (i.e., RM(Nb)ICs/RCCAs), namely, the alloys TT5, TT6, and TT7, which had the nominal compositions (at.%) Nb-24Ti-18Si-5Al-5B-5Cr-6Ta, Nb-24Ti-18Si-4Al-6B-5Cr-4Sn and Nb-24Ti-17Si-5Al-6B-5Cr-5Hf, respectively. The alloys were compared with B containing and B free RM(Nb)ICs. The macrosegregation of B, Ti, and Si was reduced with the addition, respectively of Hf, Sn or Ta, Sn or Ta, and Hf or Sn. All three alloys had densities less than 7 g/cm3. The alloy TT6 had the highest specific strength in the as cast and heat-treated conditions, which was also higher than that of RCCAs and refractory metal high entropy alloys (RHEAs). The bcc solid solution Nbss and the tetragonal T2 and hexagonal D88 silicides were stable in the alloys TT5 and TT7, whereas in TT6 the stable phases were the A15-Nb3Sn and the T2 and D88 silicides. All three alloys did not pest at 800 °C, where only the scale that was formed on TT5 spalled off. At 1200 °C, the scale of TT5 spalled off, but not the scales of TT6 and TT7. Compared with the B free alloys, the synergy of B with Ta was the least effective regarding oxidation at 800 and 1200 °C. Macrosegregation of solutes, the chemical composition of phases, the hardness of the Nbss and the alloys, and the oxidation of the alloys at 800 and 1200 °C were considered from the perspective of the Niobium Intermetallic Composite Elaboration (NICE) alloy design methodology. Relationships between properties and the parameters VEC, δ, and Δχ of alloy or phase and between parameters were discussed. The trends of parameters and the location of alloys and phases in parameter maps were in agreement with NICE.

scholarly journals Refractory Metal (Nb) Intermetallic Composites, High Entropy Alloys, Complex Concentrated Alloys and the Alloy Design Methodology NICE—Mise-en-scène † Patterns of Thought and Progress

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Panos Tsakiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Refractory Metal ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Intermetallic Composite

The paper reflects on the usefulness of the alloy design methodology NICE (Niobium Intermetallic Composite Elaboration) for the development of new Nb-containing metallic ultra-high-temperature materials (UHTMs), namely refractory metal (Nb) intermetallic composites (RM(Nb)ICs), refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) and refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs), in which the same phases can be present, specifically bcc solid solution(s), M5Si3 silicide(s) and Laves phases. The reasons why a new alloy design methodology was sought and the foundations on which NICE was built are discussed. It is shown that the alloying behavior of RM(Nb)ICs, RHEAs and RCCAs can be described by the same parameters. The practicality of parameter maps inspired by NICE for describing/understanding the alloying behavior and properties of alloys and their phases is demonstrated. It is described how NICE helps the alloy developer to understand better the alloys s/he develops and what s/he can do and predict (calculate) with NICE. The paper expands on RM(Nb)ICs, RHEAs and RCCAs with B, Ge or Sn, the addition of which and the presence of A15 compounds is recommended in RHEAs and RCCAs to achieve a balance of properties.

Effect of Al Content on Microstructure and Properties of AlxMoNbTiV RCCA’s Alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Lacour-Gogny-Goubert ◽  
Zhao Zhao-Huvelin ◽  
Agnès Bachelier-Locq ◽  
Ivan Guillot ◽  
Anne Denquin
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Bcc Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cast Microstructure

The objective of this study is the evaluation of high entropy alloys for aeroengines applications up to 1000°C. AlxNbMoTiV alloys with 10 and 20 at.% Al have been produced by arc melting. As-cast microstructure and phase transformations during heat treatments have been investigated through SEM, DRX and TEM, revealing the possibility of homogenization at 1400°C and the stability of the BCC structure at 1000°C and 800°C for both alloys. Mechanical properties have been evaluated through micro-hardness and compression tests up to 800°C. It appears that, although both alloys show a similar microstructure and hardness evolution with heat treatment, the Alloy containing 10 at.% of Al show a higher yield strength at room temperature and 800°C, related to the brittle character of the alloy containing 20 at.% of Al.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of VTaTiMoAlx Refractory High Entropy Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Xu Qiao ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Xiao Xue Chang ◽  
Yi Ping Lu ◽  
Ting Ju Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendrite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

A series of refractory high-entropy alloys VTaTiMoAlx with x=0,0.2,0.6,1.0 were designed and produced by vacuum arc melting. The effect of added Al elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloys were investigated. The X-ray diffraction results showed that all the high-entropy alloys consist of simple BCC solid solution. SEM indicated that the microstructure of VTaTiMoAlx changes from equiaxial dendritic-like structure to typical dendrite structure with the addition of Al element. The composition of different regions in the alloys are obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy and shows that Ta, Mo elements are enriched in the dendrite areas, and Al, Ti, V are enriched in inter-dendrite areas. The yield strength and compress strain reach maximum (σ0.2=1221MPa, ε=9.91%) at x=0, and decrease with the addition of Al element at room temperature. Vickers hardness of the alloys improves as the Al addition.

scholarly journals Structural transformations of heat treated Co-less high entropy alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
D Mitrica ◽  
A Tudor ◽  
A Rinaldi ◽  
V Soare ◽  
C Predescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformations ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Heat Treated

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered and Heat-Treated HfNbTaTiZr High Entropy Alloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Málek ◽  
Jiří Zýka ◽  
František Lukáč ◽  
Jakub Čížek ◽  
Lenka Kunčická ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Metallurgy Process

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted researchers’ interest in recent years. The aim of this work was to prepare the HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloy via the powder metallurgy process and characterize its properties. The powder metallurgy process is a prospective solution for the synthesis of various alloys and has several advantages over arc melting (e.g., no dendritic structure, near net-shape, etc.). Cold isostatic pressing of blended elemental powders and subsequent sintering at 1400 °C for various time periods up to 64 h was used. Certain residual porosity, as well as bcc2 (Nb- and Ta-rich) and hcp (Zr- and Hf-rich) phases, remained in the bcc microstructure after sintering. The bcc2 phase was completely eliminated during annealing (1200 °C/1h) and subsequent water quenching. The hardness values of the sintered specimens ranged from 300 to 400 HV10. The grain coarsening during sintering was significantly limited and the maximum average grain diameter after 64 h of sintering was approximately 60 μm. The compression strength at 800 °C was 370 MPa and decreased to 47 MPa at 1200 °C. Porosity can be removed during the hot deformation process, leading to an increase in hardness to ~450 HV10.

Determination of Creep Parameters of Ti-6Al-4V with Bimodal and Equiaxed Microstructure

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A.N.S. Briguente ◽  
Antônio Augusto Couto ◽  
Nara Miranda Guimarães ◽  
Danieli A.P. Reis ◽  
Carlos de Moura Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Bimodal Microstructure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Equiaxed Microstructure ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated

Ti-6Al-4V is the most used of titanium alloy and presents some important properties as metallurgical stability, high specific strength, corrosion and creep resistance [. The aim of this study is to evaluate the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with equiaxed and bimodal microstructures and determine the creep parameters of Ti-6Al-4V in these conditions. It was used a Ti-6Al-4V alloy forged and annealed at 190°C for 6 hours and cooled in air. The material in this condition shows an equiaxed microstructure. For bimodal microstructure, the material was heat-treated at 950°C for 60 minutes and cooled in water until room temperature. After this the material was heat-treated at 600°C for 24 hours and cooled in air until room temperature. Creep tests were performed at 600°C in stress conditions of 125, 250 and 319 MPa at constant load. The alloy with Bimodal microstructure shows higher creep resistance with a longer life time in creep.

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