scholarly journals Combining Fiber Enzymatic Pretreatments and Coupling Agents to Improve Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Hurd/Wood/Polypropylene Composite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6384
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Mingli Qiang ◽  
Mingwei Yang ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell ◽  
Neng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Plastic ◽  
Hemp Hurd

Natural fiber/plastic composites combine the low density and excellent mechanical properties of the natural fiber with the flexibility and moisture resistance of the plastic to create materials tailored to specific applications in theory. Wood/plastic composites (WPC) are the most common products, but many other fibers are being explored for this purpose. Among the more common is hemp hurd. Natural fibers are hydrophilic materials and plastics are hydrophobic, therefore one problem with all of these products is the limited ability of the fiber to interact with the plastic to create a true composite. Thus, compatibilizers are often added to enhance interactions, but fiber pretreatments may also help improve compatibility. The effects of pectinase or cellulase pretreatment of wood/hemp fiber mixtures in combination with coupling agents were evaluated in polypropylene panels. Pretreatments with pectinase or cellulase were associated with reduced thickness swell (TS24h) as well as increased modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Incorporation of 5.0% silane or 2.5% silane/2.5% titanate as a coupling agent further improved pectinase-treated panel properties, but was associated with diminished properties in cellulase treated fibers. Combinations of enzymatic pretreatment and coupling agents enhanced fiber/plastic interactions and improved flexural properties, but the effects varied with the enzyme or coupling agent employed. The results illustrate the potential for enhancing fiber/plastic interactions to produce improved composites.

Manufacturing Wood–Plastic Composites from Waste Lignocellulose Plus Haloxylon Species and Recycled Plastics

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Kamali Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Shamsian ◽  
Hosein Rezayi Shahri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Loading ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Abstract The aim of this research is to show useful utilization of agricultural residues such as cotton stalks and branches of pistachio, pomegranate, and Haloxylon species with recycled plastic in manufacturing wood–plastic composite (WPC) panels. Wood–plastic panels were made from a combination of agricultural residues (as natural fiber) and recycled plastic (as resin) at 50 percent, and 60 percent by weight fiber loading. Density and dimensions of the panels were 0.61 g/cm3 and 350 by 350 by 14 mm, respectively. Physical and mechanical properties of the panels including thickness swelling, water absorption, static bending (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity ), and internal bond were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the WPC panels decreased with an increase in fiber content from 50 percent to 60 percent. Physical and mechanical properties of samples made with 50 percent plastic were higher than samples with 40 percent plastic. The best values of physical and mechanical properties of the WPC panels were found at 10 percent and 5 percent Haloxylon particle loading, respectively. The highest values of mechanical properties of WPC panels were found at 50 percent plastic and 5 percent Haloxylon particle loading.

scholarly journals Dimensional stability and strength properties of wood plastic composites produced from sawdust of Cordia alliodora (Ruiz and Pav.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Izekor ◽  
M. E. Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Plastic Composites

This study evaluates the effects of densities and mixing ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites boards at mixing ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.4 and nominal densities of 700kg/mm3 and 800kg/mm3. The quantity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and saw dust used in the production of Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) was weighed to a nominal density of 700kg/mm3 and 800kg/mm3. The materials were thoroughly mixed and fed into a neatly primed oil mould with a dimension of 300 x 300 x 10 mm. Test samples used for physical and mechanical properties determination were collected from each board produced from the mould. The results showed that WPCs board produced from mixing ratio 1:1 had the highest Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) values of 6.52 mm N-2 and 564.95 mm N-2 respectively. Water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion of WPCs produced from wood/plastic ratio of 1:1.4 had the lowest mean values of 6.67, 0.83, 0.68% and 21.61, 1.33, 5.35% respectively after 2 hours and 24 hours of water immersion test. Analysis of variance carried out at 0.05% probability level showed that the effect of density and mixing ratio were significant on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites boards.

scholarly journals Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Modification of Areca Fiber/Natural Latex

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Yiren Pan ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyao Zhu ◽  
Huiguang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this paper, the areca fiber was extracted by physical and chemical treatment, and then the areca fiber/natural latex composite was prepared by natural latex impregnation technology. In order to combine areca fiber and natural rubber latex better, three silane coupling agents with different action mechanism were selected: Si−69, KH550, and KH570 which were used to treat the areca fiber/natural latex compound. The results show that the silane coupling agent can change the surface of the fiber from hydrophilic surface to organophilic surface, making the bonding of areca fiber to natural latex more closely. At the same time, the mechanical properties, physical and mechanical properties, swelling properties, and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the tightly bonded areca fiber/nature latex composites were improved. After observing the micro-structure through a scanning electron microscope, it was found that the three silane coupling agents could effectively bind areca fiber and natural latex to enhance the performance of the composite material, of which Si−69 performed best, and the tensile strength and tear strength of the composite increased by 21.19% and 12.90% respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of MICP-Treated Calcareous Sand

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jitong Zhao ◽  
Huawei Tong ◽  
Yi Shan ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Qiuwang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyester Fiber ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Calcareous Sand ◽  
Hemp Fiber

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been a promising method to improve geotechnical engineering properties through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contact and surface of soil particles in recent years. In the present experiment, water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to investigate the effects of three different fiber types (glass fiber, polyester fiber, and hemp fiber) on the physical and mechanical properties of MICP-treated calcareous sand. The fibers used were at 0%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40% relative to the weight of the sand. The results showed that the failure strain and ductility of the samples could be improved by adding fibers. Compared to biocemented sand (BS), the water absorption of these three fiber-reinforced biocemented sands were, respectively, decreased by 11.60%, 21.18%, and 7.29%. UCS was, respectively, increased by 24.20%, 60.76%, and 6.40%. Polyester fiber produced the best effect, followed by glass fiber and hemp fiber. The optimum contents of glass fiber and polyester fiber were 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. The optimum content of hemp fiber was within the range of 0.20–0.25%. Light-emitting diode (LED) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images lead to the conclusion that only a little calcite precipitation had occurred around the hemp fiber, leading to a poor bonding effect compared to the glass and polyester fibers. It was therefore suggested that polyester fiber should be used to improve the properties of biocemented sand.

Impact of Chemical Modification on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tropical Wood Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
M. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
D Values ◽  
Benzene Diazonium

Five types of selected tropical light hardwoods were chemically modified with benzene diazonium salt to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium salt underwent a coupling reaction with wood which was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The compressive modulus of the treated wood increased, whereas modulus of rupture was shown to decrease on treatment. The modified wood samples had higher hardness (Shore D) values compared to that of the control ones.

scholarly journals Composites from Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Reinforced Rubberwood Sawdust: Effects of Sawdust Size and Content on Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatree Homkhiew ◽  
Surasit Rawangwong ◽  
Worapong Boonchouytan ◽  
Wiriya Thongruang ◽  
Thanate Ratanawilai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Plastic Content

The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) size and content as well as the ratio of natural rubber (NR)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend on properties of RWS reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) composites. The addition of RWS about 30–50 wt% improved the modulus of the rupture and tensile strength of TPNR composites blending with NR/HDPE ratios of 60/40 and 50/50. TPNR composites reinforced with RWS 80 mesh yielded better tensile strength and modulus of rupture than the composites with RWS 40 mesh. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger HDPE content gave higher tensile, flexural, and Shore hardness properties and thermal stability as well as lower water absorption. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger plastic content were therefore suggested for applications requiring high performance of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THERMO-MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF PARICA PLYWOODS (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mírian de Almeida Costa ◽  
Cláudio Henrique Soares Del Menezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

ABSTRACT Thermo-mechanical treatment is a technique for wood modification in which samples are densified by means of heat and mechanical compression, applied perpendicularly to fibers, which under different combinations of time, temperature, and pressure increases wood density and thus improve some of its properties. This study aimed to treat thermo-mechanically parica plywood and observe the effects on its physical and mechanical properties. Specimens were submitted to two treatments, 120 and 150 ºC, remaining under pressure for seven minutes and, subsequently, under zero pressure for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant increase in specific mass from 0.48 g cm-3 to an average of 0.56 g cm-3, and a compression ratio of about 31.7% on average. Physical properties also varied significantly and results showed that treated samples swelled and absorbed more water than those untreated, leading to a greater thickness non-return rate. This indicates the proposed thermal treatments did not release the internal compressive stress generated during panel pressing, not improving its dimensional stability as a result. On the other hand, mechanical properties were positively affected, leading to an increase of 27.5% and 51.8% in modulus of rupture after treatments at 120 and 150 ºC, respectively. Modulus of elasticity and glue-line shear strength did not vary statistically and Janka hardness was 29.7% higher after treatment at 150 ºC.

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