Impact of Chemical Modification on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tropical Wood Material

Five types of selected tropical light hardwoods were chemically modified with benzene diazonium salt to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium salt underwent a coupling reaction with wood which was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The compressive modulus of the treated wood increased, whereas modulus of rupture was shown to decrease on treatment. The modified wood samples had higher hardness (Shore D) values compared to that of the control ones.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ammonia-Treated Black Locust Wood

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12020377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 377 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariana Domnica Stanciu ◽

Daniela Sova ◽

Adriana Savin ◽

Nicolae Ilias ◽

Galina A. Gorbacheva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Black Locust ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Colour Change ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Elastic Behaviour ◽

Control Samples

Because of the uneven colour of black locust wood, different technologies are used to change the colour, the bestknown being chemical and thermal treatments. Some of them affect the mechanical properties of wood, such as elasticity modulus, strength, durability. This study aims to compare the physical and mechanical properties of black locust wood control samples and treated wood samples with ammonia hydroxide, in terms of density profile, colour values (CIE L*, a*, b*), mechanical properties of samples subjected to static bending, viscous-elastic properties (storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”) and damping (tanδ)). Two types of ammonia-fuming treatment were applied on samples: first treatment T1-5% concentration of ammonia hydroxide for 30 days; second treatment T2-10% concentration for 60 days. The results highlighted the following aspects: the overall colour change in the case of the second treatment is 27% in comparison with 7% recorded for the control samples; the lightness and yellowness values are the most affected by the second ammonia treatment of black locust wood. The density increased with almost 20% due to ammonium fuming (10% concentration/60 days); in case of static bending, the elastic modulus (MOE) tends to decrease with increasing the exposure time to ammonium, but the modulus of rupture (MOR) increases with almost 17% and the breaking force increases too, with almost 41%. In the case of dynamic mechanical analysis, the temperature leads to different viscous-elastic behaviour of each type of samples.

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Effect of Chromate-Copper-Boron preservative treatment on physical and mechanical properties of Raj koroi (Albizia richardiana) wood

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v50i3.25583 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 189-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SA Shanu ◽

AK Das ◽

MM Rahman ◽

M Ashaduzzaman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Preservative Treatment ◽

Other Hand ◽

Albizia Richardiana

This experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of CCB (chromate-copper-boron) preservative treatment on physical and mechanical properties of Albizia richardiana wood using dipping method. Retention of preservative was maximum at 8% concentration of the preservatives. Based on the retention at this concentration, the physical and mechanical properties of the treated wood were examined. The density of untreated A. richardiana wood was 521 kg/m3. It changed to 542 kg/m3 on treatment. This increase in density by 2.30% for treated wood was significant. On the other hand, modulus of rupture (MOR) increased significantly from 93 to 107 N/mm2 on treatment of the wood. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased from 3205 to 4861 N/mm2. Physical and mechanical properties of the wood improved by treating with CCB preservative.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 189-192, 2015

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Composites from Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Reinforced Rubberwood Sawdust: Effects of Sawdust Size and Content on Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Properties

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2018/7179527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chatree Homkhiew ◽

Surasit Rawangwong ◽

Worapong Boonchouytan ◽

Wiriya Thongruang ◽

Thanate Ratanawilai

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Performance ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Shore Hardness ◽

Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽

Plastic Content

The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) size and content as well as the ratio of natural rubber (NR)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend on properties of RWS reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) composites. The addition of RWS about 30–50 wt% improved the modulus of the rupture and tensile strength of TPNR composites blending with NR/HDPE ratios of 60/40 and 50/50. TPNR composites reinforced with RWS 80 mesh yielded better tensile strength and modulus of rupture than the composites with RWS 40 mesh. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger HDPE content gave higher tensile, flexural, and Shore hardness properties and thermal stability as well as lower water absorption. The TPNR/RWS composites with larger plastic content were therefore suggested for applications requiring high performance of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties.

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Effect of Intercalation Structure of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Polylactic Acid on Wheat Straw Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10080896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 896 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Qiqi Fan ◽

Guangping Han ◽

Wanli Cheng ◽

Huafeng Tian ◽

Dong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Interlayer Spacing ◽

Positive Influence ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis

In this work, an easy way to prepare the polylactic acid (PLA)/wheat straw fiber (WSF) composite was proposed. The method involved uses either the dopamine-treated WSF or the two-step montmorillonite (MMT)-modified WSF as the filler material. In order to achieve the dispersibility and exfoliation of MMT, it was modified by 12-aminododecanoic acid using a two-step route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the modified MMT and the coated WSF. As for the properties of PLA/WSF composites, some thermal (using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis) and mechanical properties (flexural, tensile, and impact) were analyzed. The results showed that the dopamine was successfully coated onto the WSF. Furthermore, Na-MMT was successfully transformed to organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) and formed an exfoliated structure. In addition, a better dispersion of MMT was obtained using the two-step treatment. The interlayer spacing of modified MMT was 4.06 nm, which was 123% higher than that of the unmodified MMT. Additionally, FT-IR analysis suggested that OMMT diffused into the PLA matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that a higher thermal stability of PLA/WSF composites was obtained for the modified MMT and dopamine. The results also showed that both the dopamine treated WSF and the two-step-treated MMT exhibited a positive influence on the mechanical properties of PLA/WSF composites, especially on the tensile strength, which increased by 367% compared to the unmodified precursors. This route offers researchers a potential scheme to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/WSF composites in a low-cost way.

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EFFECT OF THERMO-MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF PARICA PLYWOODS (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke)

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000100015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mírian de Almeida Costa ◽

Cláudio Henrique Soares Del Menezzi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Treatment ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Mechanical Compression ◽

Specific Mass ◽

Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽

Temperature And Pressure

ABSTRACT Thermo-mechanical treatment is a technique for wood modification in which samples are densified by means of heat and mechanical compression, applied perpendicularly to fibers, which under different combinations of time, temperature, and pressure increases wood density and thus improve some of its properties. This study aimed to treat thermo-mechanically parica plywood and observe the effects on its physical and mechanical properties. Specimens were submitted to two treatments, 120 and 150 ºC, remaining under pressure for seven minutes and, subsequently, under zero pressure for 15 minutes. Results showed a significant increase in specific mass from 0.48 g cm-3 to an average of 0.56 g cm-3, and a compression ratio of about 31.7% on average. Physical properties also varied significantly and results showed that treated samples swelled and absorbed more water than those untreated, leading to a greater thickness non-return rate. This indicates the proposed thermal treatments did not release the internal compressive stress generated during panel pressing, not improving its dimensional stability as a result. On the other hand, mechanical properties were positively affected, leading to an increase of 27.5% and 51.8% in modulus of rupture after treatments at 120 and 150 ºC, respectively. Modulus of elasticity and glue-line shear strength did not vary statistically and Janka hardness was 29.7% higher after treatment at 150 ºC.

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In Polymerization of Environment Friendly Melamine-Urea-Glyoxal Resin in Rubber Wood for Improved Physical and Mechanical Properties

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2021/8510571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lijuan Ping ◽

Yubo Chai ◽

Fangwen Zhang ◽

Bailing Sun ◽

Junliang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Sample ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Percent Gain ◽

Wood Products ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Rubber Wood ◽

Structural Applications

In the study, we report that a safe and simple way for upgrading inferior rubber wood through the combined modification of environment-friendly MUG resin was synthesized from glyoxal, melamine, urea, and other additives. MUG-treated wood samples were prepared with six different MUG resin concentrations (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 wt %) into the wood matrix and then heated and polymerized to form a solid and hydrophobic MUG resin in the wood scaffold, and the physico-mechanical properties were evaluated. As the MUG resin concentration increased, the weight percent gain and density increased, water uptake and leachability decreased, and the antiswelling efficiency increased at first and then decreased. MUG-treated wood sample can be prepared when the MUG resin concentration was set as 25%, and the physical properties of treated wood was optimum. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the MUG resin is widely distributed in the cell lumens and cell walls. With enhanced physico-mechanical properties, MUG-treated wood sample can be well used as a promising alternative to existing engineered wood products for structural applications.

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SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK KAYU SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight)Walp.) BERDASARKAN POSISI KETINGGIAN PADA BATANG

JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI ◽

10.26418/jhl.v7i1.31173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

. Erma ◽

Fadiilah H Usman ◽

. Muflihati

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Average Height ◽

Class Iii ◽

Lightweight Construction ◽

Brown Colour ◽

Wood Demand ◽

Selection Of

Physical and mechanical properties of wood is one of the basic properties that need to be known in the selection of wood, because the physical and mechanical properties of wood are not the same height on the stem. Increased wood demand gives the opportunity to use wood that is not yet known for its marketing, one of which is Salam wood (Syzygium polianthum (Wight) Walp). The purpose of this research was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Salam wood based on the height of the stem so that Salam wood can be optimally utilized by testing based on Classification SNI – 5 PKKI 1961. Methods of making test and test examples based on British Standard Methods No. 373-1957. The results showed that Salam wood has physical properties with an average brown colour, the moisture content 3,13 % , density 0,58 kg/cm2 , Depreciation 2,59 %. Salam has mechanical properties with an average height position stem from base to tip with Modulus of Elastiscity (MOE) 97.701,54 , Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 659,18 and Modulus Crushing Streang 342,86 . Salam can be classified into strong class III and based on its properties and mechanics, it is suitable for use as a lightweight construction and furniture.Keywords: Density, depreciation, MCS, MOE, moisture content, MOR

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KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA BERDASARKAN JUMLAH LAPISAN PENYUSUN

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v7i1.23665 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mayang Archila ◽

Farah Diba ◽

Dina Setyawati ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Composite Board ◽

Average Value ◽

Composite Layers ◽

Sago Bark

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the number of composite layers on the quality of the composite board from sago bark waste and plastic waste, and the number of composite layers that produce the best quality on composite board. The composite board is made with size 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The composition and division of the material was carried out manually with the polypropylene distribution divided into three parts: the front and rear respectively of 15%, and the center 70% of the plastic weight. Target density of composite boards was 0.7 g / cm3. The treatment used is based on the number of layers composing, which is 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers and 13 layers. After mixed the sago bark particle and waste of polypropylene, the materials then compressed with hot press at 180oC with pressure about ± 25 kg / cm2 for 10 minutes. The composite boards then tested the quality included physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Physical properties consist of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. Mechanical properties consist of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, and modulus of screw holding strength. The study used a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed the average value of composite density was range between 0.6962 – 0.7896 g/cm3, the moisture content was range between 4.3388 % - 6.8066%, the thickness swelling was range between 8.2605% - 11.9615%, and water absorption was range between 17.2380% - 22.3867%. The average value of modulus of rupture was range between 60,0632 kg/cm2 – 64,4068 kg/cm2, the modulus of elasticity was range between 17935,1813g/cm2 – 32841,8278 kg/cm2, the internal bonding was range between 1,9268 kg/cm2 - 5,4119 kg/cm2, and the modulus of screw holding strength was range between 78,2530 kg/cm2 – 92,9677 kg/cm2. The composite board made from sago stem bark waste and polypropylene waste plastic with 13 layers treatment is the best composite board and fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Keywords: bark of sago, composite boards, layer of composite, polypropylenes plastic, waste

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Physical and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Particle Board Produced from Saw Dust and Plastic Waste

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.40.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atoyebi Olumoyewa Dotun ◽

Adeolu Adesoji Adediran ◽

Adisa Cephas Oluwatimilehin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Saw Dust ◽

Three Phase ◽

The Matrix

The current work reports on the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different weight ratio by flat-pressed method. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 15 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET followed by a three phase press cycle. Physical properties (Density, Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) and Mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR)) were determined base on the mixing ratios according to the standard. WA and TS were measured after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water. The results showed that as the density increased, the SD content decreased from 90 % to 50 % into the matrix. However, WA and TS decreases when the PET content increased in the matrix. Remarkably, the MOE and MOR attained a maximum point at 964.199 N/mm2and 9.03 N/mm2respectively in 50 % SD content. In comparism with standard, boards D and E can be classified as medium density boards while A, B and C are low density boards. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically be feasible for indoor uses in building due to favorable physical properties exhibited. The mechanical properties response showed that it cannot be used for structural or load bearing application.

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Transcrystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Hamburger Composite

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11030508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 508 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Fu-hua Lin ◽

Xiang-yang Li ◽

Xu-ran Ji ◽

Si-xiao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Crystallization Rate ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Hot Press ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

The Fourier Transform

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is a commonly used thermoplastic polymer with many excellent properties. But high brittleness, especially at low temperatures, limits the use of iPP. The presence of transcrystallization of iPP makes it possible for fiber-reinforced iPP composites with higher strength. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a kind of cellulose with great potential to be used as a new filler to reinforce iPP due to its high crystallinity, biodegradability and efficient mechanical properties. In this study, the iPP/BC hamburger composite was prepared by a simple hot press and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to improve the interface compatibility of iPP and BC. The polarizing microscope (POM) photograph shows that BC successfully induces the transcrystallization of iPP. The differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) date proves that the addition of BC could improve the thermal properties and crystallization rate of the composite. Especially, this change is more obvious of the iPP/MAPP/BC. The mechanical properties of the iPP/BC composites were greatly increased. This DSC date is higher than BC; we used BC particles to enhance the iPP in our previous research. The scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis intuitively shows that the interface of the iPP/MAPP/BC is more smooth and flat than the iPP/BC. The fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the iPP/BC hamburger composites was shown that a new C=O group vibration appeared at 1743 cm−1, which indicated that the hydrogen bond structure of BC molecules was weakened and some hydroxyl groups were substituted after modification which can increase the lipophilicity of BC. These results indicated that the BC fiber can easily induce the transcrystallization of iPP, which has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of MAPP contributes greatly to the interface compatibility of iPP and BC.

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