Novel Polyaniline–Silver–Sulfur Nanotube Composite as Cathode Material for Lithium–Sulfur Battery

The preparation and characterization of a polyaniline–silver–sulfur nanotube composite were reported in this paper. The polyaniline–silver nanotube composite was synthesized via an oxidation-reduction method in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. After being vulcanized, the polyaniline–silver–sulfur (Poly (AN–Ag–S)) nanotube composite was prepared as active cathode material and assembled into lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with electrolyte and negative electrode materials. When the feed ratio of raw materials (aniline and AgNO3) was 2:1, the initial specific capacity of poly (AN–Ag–S) composite cells reached 1114 mAh/g. The specific capacity was kept at 573 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate stayed above 51% after 100 cycles. The introduction of Ag into the composite cathode material can effectively solve the poor conductivity of sulfur and improve the Li–S battery performance.

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CNFs/S1-xSex Composites as Promising Cathode Materials for High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2019.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (14) ◽

pp. 821-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gaind P. Pandey ◽

Kobi Jones ◽

Lamartine Meda

Keyword(s):

Cathode Material ◽

High Performance ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Composite Cathode ◽

High Energy ◽

High Mass ◽

High Performance Composite ◽

Lithium Sulfur

ABSTRACTHigh-energy lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries still suffer from poor rate capability and short cycle life caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S (and the discharge product, Li2S). Selenium disulfide (SeS2), with a theoretical specific capacity of 1342 mAh g−1, is a promising cathode material as it has better conductivity compared to sulfur. The electrochemical reaction kinetics of CNFs-S/SeS2 composites (denoted as CNFs/S1-xSex, where x ≤ 0.1) are expected to be remarkably improved because of the better conductivity of SeS2 compared to sulfur. Here, a high-performance composite cathode material of CNFs/S1-xSex for novel Li-S batteries is reported. The CNFs/S1-xSex composites combine the higher conductivity and higher density of SeS2 with high specific capacity of sulfur. The CNFs/S1-xSex electrode shows good initial discharge capacity of ∼1050 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C rate with high mass loading of materials (∼6-7 mg cm−2 of composites) and > 97% initial coulombic efficiency. The CNFs/S1-xSex electrode shows more than 600 mAh g-1 specific capacity after 50 charge-discharge cycles at 0.5C rate, much higher compared to the CNFs/S cathodes.

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Electrochemical Performance Study of LiFePO4 Cathode Material with Different Carbon Coating Contents

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.637 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 472 ◽

pp. 637-640

Author(s):

Xin Rong Yang ◽

Da Ming Gu ◽

Shuo Gu ◽

Xu Lei Sui

Keyword(s):

Cathode Material ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Composite Cathode ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Performance Study ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

Physical Tests ◽

Co Precipitation

The co-precipitation method synthesized LiFePO4/C composite cathode material combined with high temperature carbonization, the amount of carbon source added was characterized by XRD, SEM and other physical tests, as well as its electrochemical properties. The results show that the amount of carbon-coated has a certain influence on the properties of the materials. Which carbon-coated contents of 60% from the first discharge the specific capacity can reach 150.77mAh/g in the discharge rate of 0.1C, and has a retention rate of 90.74% in the discharge of 1C, which has to meet the needs of practical application .

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Lamellar Polypyrene Based on Attapulgite–Sulfur Composite for Lithium–Sulfur Battery

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11070483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Riwei Xu ◽

Chengzhong Wang ◽

Jinping Xiong

Keyword(s):

Cathode Material ◽

Current Density ◽

High Current Density ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Rate Test ◽

Sulfur Battery ◽

Lower Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur

We report on the preparation and characterization of a novel lamellar polypyrrole using an attapulgite–sulfur composite as a hard template. Pretreated attapulgite was utilized as the carrier of elemental sulfur and the attapulgite–sulfur–polypyrrole (AT @400 °C–S–PPy) composite with 50 wt.% sulfur was obtained. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized with infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An AT @400 °C–S–PPy composite was further utilized as the cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries. The first discharge specific capacity of this kind of battery reached 1175 mAh/g at a 0.1 C current rate and remained at 518 mAh/g after 100 cycles with capacity retention close to 44%. In the rate test, compared with the polypyrrole–sulfur (PPy–S) cathode material, the AT @400 °C–S–PPy cathode material showed lower capacity at a high current density, but it showed higher capacity when the current came back to a low current density, which was attributed to the “recycling” of pores and channels of attapulgite. Therefore, the lamellar composite with special pore structure has great value in improving the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Praseodymium Doped SnO2 Particles as Negative Electrode Material of Lithium-Ion Battery

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.370 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 492 ◽

pp. 370-374

Author(s):

Xiao Zhen Liu ◽

Guang Jian Lu ◽

Xiao Zhou Liu ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Han Zhang Xiao

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Electrode Material ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Negative Electrode ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Coprecipitation Method ◽

Negative Electrode Material

Pr doped SnO2 particles as negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery are synthesized by the coprecipitation method with SnCl4·5H2O and Pr2O3 as raw materials. The structure of the SnO2 particles and Pr doped SnO2 particles are investigated respectively by XRD analysis. Doping is achieved well by coprecipitation method and is recognized as replacement doping or caulking doping. Electrochemical properties of the SnO2 particles and Pr doped SnO2 particles are tested by charge-discharge and cycle voltammogram experimentation, respectively. The initial specific discharge capacity of Pr doped SnO2 the negative electrode materials is 676.3mAh/g. After 20 cycles, the capacity retention ratio is 90.5%. The reversible capacity of Pr doped SnO2 negative electrode material higher than the reversible capacity of SnO2 negative electrode material. Pr doped SnO2 particles has good lithiumion intercalation/deintercalation performance.

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Preparation of reduced carbon-wrapped carbon–sulfur composite as cathode material of lithium–sulfur batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra20262k ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (114) ◽

pp. 93926-93936 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xuebing Yang ◽

Wen Zhu ◽

Guobao Cao ◽

Xudong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Cathode Material ◽

Low Cost ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Theoretical Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur

Sulfur is a promising cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries as it possesses high theoretical specific capacity and low cost.

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Tin Oxide Encapsulated into Pyrolyzed Chitosan as a Negative Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1156

Author(s):

Andrzej P. Nowak ◽

Maria Gazda ◽

Marcin Łapiński ◽

Zuzanna Zarach ◽

Konrad Trzciński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Negative Electrode ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Surface Hydroxyl ◽

Diffusion Controlled

Tin oxide is one of the most promising electrode materials as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries due to its higher theoretical specific capacity than graphite. However, it suffers lack of stability due to volume changes and low electrical conductivity while cycling. To overcome these issues, a new composite consisting of SnO2 and carbonaceous matrix was fabricated. Naturally abundant and renewable chitosan was chosen as a carbon source. The electrode material exhibiting 467 mAh g−1 at the current density of 18 mA g−1 and a capacity fade of only 2% after 70 cycles is a potential candidate for graphite replacement. Such good electrochemical performance is due to strong interaction between amine groups from chitosan and surface hydroxyl groups of SnO2 at the preparation stage. However, the charge storage is mainly contributed by a diffusion-controlled process showing that the best results might be obtained for low current rates.

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Preparation of a carbon nanofibers–carbon matrix–sulfur composite as the cathode material of lithium–sulfur batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra24129d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 7159-7171 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Xuebing Yang ◽

Wen Zhu ◽

Guobao Cao ◽

Xudong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Cathode Material ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Lithium Batteries ◽

Low Cost ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Carbon Matrix ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Theoretical Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Sulfur

Sulfur is a promising cathode material for lithium batteries as it possesses high theoretical specific capacity and low cost.

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Electrochemically Inert Li2MnO3: The Key to Improving the Cycling Stability of Li-Rich Manganese Oxide Used in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14164751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4751

Author(s):

Lian-Bang Wang ◽

He-Shan Hu ◽

Wei Lin ◽

Qing-Hong Xu ◽

Jia-Dong Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Cathode Material ◽

Manganese Oxide ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Cycling Stability ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Hydrothermal Route

Lithium-rich manganese oxide is a promising candidate for the next-generation cathode material of lithium-ion batteries because of its low cost and high specific capacity. Herein, a series of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiMnO2 nanocomposites were designed via an ingenious one-step dynamic hydrothermal route. A high concentration of alkaline solution, intense hydrothermal conditions, and stirring were used to obtain nanoparticles with a large surface area and uniform dispersity. The experimental results demonstrate that 0.072Li2MnO3·0.928LiMnO2 nanoparticles exhibit a desirable electrochemical performance and deliver a high capacity of 196.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. This capacity was maintained at 190.5 mAh g−1 with a retention rate of 97.0% by the 50th cycle, which demonstrates the excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, XRD characterization of the cycled electrode indicates that the Li2MnO3 phase of the composite is inert, even under a high potential (4.8 V), which is in contrast with most previous reports of lithium-rich materials. The inertness of Li2MnO3 is attributed to its high crystallinity and few structural defects, which make it difficult to activate. Hence, the final products demonstrate a favorable electrochemical performance with appropriate proportions of two phases in the composite, as high contents of inert Li2MnO3 lower the capacity, while a sufficient structural stability cannot be achieved with low contents. The findings indicate that controlling the composition through a dynamic hydrothermal route is an effective strategy for developing a Mn-based cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.

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Effect of Temperature on Spinel LiMn2O4 by Molten-Salt Flameless Combustion Synthesis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.153 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80-81 ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mei Huang ◽

Yan Xia ◽

Jun Ming Guo ◽

Ying Jie Zhang

Keyword(s):

Molten Salt ◽

Combustion Synthesis ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Manganese Acetate ◽

Lithium Nitrate ◽

Flameless Combustion

Effect of calcination temperature on spinel LiMn2O4 by molten-salt flameless combustion synthesis using the lithium acetate (lithium nitrate), manganese acetate (manganese nitrate) as raw materials was studied. The structural characterization and morphology of the powder were measured by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the main phase was LiMn2O4, which could be obtained at 400-700 °C. The product crystallinity and particle size increased with increasing calcination temperature, but the capacity and cyclic stability decreased. When LiMn2O4 was calcinated at 400 °C and 500°C, the initial specific capacity at 0.1C rate was 104.2 and 101.5 mAh·g-1, respectively. After 30 cycles, the discharge capacity retention rate was 80.4 % and 83.5 %, respectively. The performance was the worst when LiMn2O4 was calcinated at 700°C, when the initial specific capacity was only 81.9 mAh·g-1.

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Influence of the Preparation Process on the Electrochemical Properties of xLiFePO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3/C Nano-Sized Composite Cathode Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.238 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 680 ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bing Yan ◽

Peng Zhao Gao ◽

Dong Yun Li ◽

Guang Lei Tian

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Cathode Materials ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Composite Cathode ◽

Discharge Process ◽

Discharge Specific Capacity ◽

Calcination Temperatures ◽

Charge Discharge

In this paper, a series of xLiFePO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3/C (x/y = 1:0, 7:1, 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1, ratio in mol) nano-sized composite cathode materials were successfully prepared via the solid reaction method. Influence of x/y ratio, calcination temperatures and the content of citric acid on the composition, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical measurements, et al. results showed that the xLFP·yLVP/C (x and y ≠ 0) composites were composed of olivine LiFePO4 and monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3, both of which featured slight structural distortions as the formation of V-doped LFP/C and Fe-doped LVP/C, respectively; With the increase of calcination temperatures, the crystallinity and particles size of the 7LFP·LVP/C composites increased, when calcined at 700°C, the initial charge/discharge specific capacity of the composites reached a maximum value of 145.6 mAh/g, and the voltage drop values between charge/discharge platform possessed the minimum value(0.04 V), suggesting the minimum polarization of the composites in charge/discharge process. Content of citric acid did not affect the compositions of the composites, with the increase of the molar ratio of citric acid to V3+, the discharge specific capacities of 7LFP·LVP/C increased first and then decreased, when it equaled to 1.0:1.0, the discharge specific capacity of the relative composites was 119.18 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 93.9 % after 50 cycles, owning the excellent electrochemical stability.

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