scholarly journals Deformation and Failure Properties of High-Ni Lithium-Ion Battery under Axial Loads

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7844
Author(s):  
Genwei Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Juanjuan Wu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Static Compression

To explore the failure modes of high-Ni batteries under different axial loads, quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests were carried out. The characteristics of voltage, load, and temperature of a battery cell with different states of charge (SOCs) were investigated in quasi-static tests. The mechanical response and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries subjected to axial shock wave impact load were also investigated by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Different failure modes of the battery were identified. Under quasi-static axial compression, the intensity of thermal runaway becomes more severe with the increase in SOC and loading speed, and the time for lithium-ion batteries to reach complete failure decreases with the increase in SOC. In comparison, under dynamic SHPB experiments, an internal short circuit occurred after impact, but no violent thermal runaway was observed.

scholarly journals Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries without Internal Short Circuit

Joule ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Dongsheng Ren ◽  
Hungjen Hsu ◽  
Xuning Feng ◽  
Gui-Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Internal Short Circuit

scholarly journals Detection Technology for Battery Safety in Electric Vehicles: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4636
Author(s):  
JiYang Xu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Detection Technology

The safety of electric vehicles (EVs) has aroused widespread concern and attention. As the core component of an EV, the power battery directly affects the performance and safety. In order to improve the safety of power batteries, the internal failure mechanism and behavior characteristics of internal short circuit (ISC) and thermal runaway (TR) in extreme cases need to be tested and studied. The safety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has become a research hotspot for many scholars. With unreasonable misuse or abuse of lithium ion batteries, it is easy to cause internal short circuits, resulting in thermal runaway, which poses a great threat to the safety of the whole vehicle. This comprehensive review aims to describe the research progress of safety testing methods and technologies of lithium ion batteries under conditions of mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse, and presents existing problems and future research directions.

scholarly journals Understanding the Thermal Runaway of Ni-Rich Lithium-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Dieu Nguyen ◽  
Sara Abada ◽  
Amandine Lecocq ◽  
Julien Bernard ◽  
Martin Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
Battery Technology

The main safety issue pertaining to operating lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) relates to their sensitivity to thermal runaway. This complex multiphysics phenomenon was observed in two commercial 18650 Ni-rich LIBs, namely a Panasonic NCR GA and a LG HG2, which were based on L i ( N i 0.8 C o 0.15 A l 0.05 ) O 2 (NCA) and L i ( N i 0.8 M n 0.1 C o 0.1 ) O 2 (NMC811), respectively, for positive electrodes, in combination with graphite-SiOx composite negative electrodes. At pristine state, the batteries were charged to different levels of state of charge (SOC) (100% and 50%) and were investigated through thermal abuse tests in quasi-adiabatic conditions of accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The results confirmed the proposed complete thermal runaway of exothermic chain reactions. The different factors impacting the thermal runaway kinetics were also studied by considering the intertwined impacts of SOC and the related properties of these highly reactive Ni-rich technologies. All tested cells started their accelerated thermal runaway stage at the same self-heating temperature rate of ~48 °C/min. Regardless of technology, cells at reduced SOC are less reactive. Regardless of SOC levels, the Panasonic NCR GA battery technology had a wider safe region than that of the LG HG2 battery. This technology also delayed the hard internal short circuit and shifted the final venting to a higher temperature. However, above this critical temperature, it exhibited the most severe irreversible self-heating stage, with the highest self-heating temperature rate over the longest duration.

Research on Influencing Factors about Temperature of Short Circuit Area in Lithium-ion Power Battery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Wenwei Wang ◽  
Fenghao Zuo ◽  
Yiding Li
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physics Simulation ◽  
Internal Short Circuit

Abstract As the main power source for electric vehicles, lithium-ion power batteries have always been the focus of public safety. Lithium-ion batteries may occur thermal runaway after internal short circuit caused by mechanical abuse. It is extremely important to study the influencing factors of thermal runaway. In this paper, the quasi-static battery extrusion test is used to study the changes of load, voltage and temperature during the short circuit process of lithium-ion batteries, and to observe the influencing factors that may cause thermal runaway. The electrochemical-electrical-thermal multi-physics coupling model was established by COMSOL multi-physics simulation software to simulate the thermal behavior of the battery after short circuit. The effects of short circuit cases, state of charge (SOC) and voltage maintenance time after short circuit on the thermal runaway of the battery are studied. By comparing the experimental results, the short circuit case of the battery caused by mechanical abuse is judged. The research results have played a certain reference role in the future research on battery mechanical abuse and internal short circuit.

scholarly journals Effects of the Nail Geometry and Humidity on the Nail Penetration of High-Energy Density Lithium Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Stefan Doose ◽  
Wolfgang Haselrieder ◽  
Arno Kwade
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gaseous Reaction

Internal short-circuit tests were carried out in a battery safety investigation chamber to determine the behavior of batteries during the nail penetration test. So far, systematic investigations regarding the test setup and its influence are rarely found in the literature. Especially, to improve the comparability of the multitude of available results, it is essential to understand the effects of the geometric, operating and ambient parameters. In this study commercial lithium ion batteries with a capacity of 5.3 and 3.3 Ah were used to study the influence of the varied parameters on the voltage drop, the development of surface temperatures and of infrared active gas species. We studied both the influence of the geometry of the penetrating nail and concentration of water in the inert atmosphere especially on the quantities of the reaction products under variation of cell capacity. It could be shown that the geometry of the nail, within certain limits, has no influence on the processes of the thermal runaway of high energy density lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, a change in capacity from 5.3 to 3.3 Ah shows that in particular the gaseous reaction products differ: The standardized gas concentrations show a higher measurable concentration of all gases except CO for the 3.3 Ah LIBs. This circumstance can be explained by the intensity of the reactions due to the different battery capacities: In the 5.3 Ah cells a larger amount of unreacted material is immediately discharged from the reaction center, and by the different available amounts of oxidizing reaction partners. An increase of the water content in the surrounding atmosphere during the thermal runaway leads to a reduction of the measurable gas concentrations of up to 36.01%. In general, all measured concentrations decrease. With increased water content more reaction products from the atmosphere can be directly bound or settle as condensate on surfaces.

Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 22740-22755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chin Pang ◽  
Yucang Hao ◽  
Monica Marinescu ◽  
Huizhi Wang ◽  
Mu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lithium Cells

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.

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